This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, specifically focusing on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) produced by laser ablation methods. It discusses the properties and applications of noble and base metals, the production process of Au NPs, and the effects of laser fluence on their size and morphology. Key findings indicate that laser fluence significantly influences nanoparticle characteristics, and the generated nanoparticles exhibit structures closely related to their bulk counterparts.

2. 1.Introduction to Nano-Technology
 Mater at dimensions below 100 nm
The convenient
methods to produce
these particles can be
categorized in three
chemical, electrical,
and laser ablation
methods.
laser ablation can be performed in a clean, well-controlled environment, such
as deionized water, giving rise to the production of ultrapure nanomaterials.

3. Applications of nanotechnology

4. Noble metals and base metals
Noble metals (Precious metals) base metals
The noble metals are a group of metals
that resist oxidation and corrosion in
moist air.
 ruthenium
 rhodium
 palladium
 silver
 osmium
 iridium
 platinum
 gold
They are the opposite of the base
metals, which more readily oxidize and
corrode.
 Copper
 aluminum
 zinc
 nickel, etc

5. Gold Nanoparticles
 It is a soft metal ,It is a good conductor of heat and
electricity. It is a good reflector of infrared and is
chemically inert.

6. Applications of Gold NPs
 gold ion or metallic gold as well as gold NPs can be
exploited in medicine for
 burn treatment
 dental materials
 coating stainless steel materials
 textile fabrics
 Electronic instruments
 it posses low toxicity to human cells, high thermal
stability
 Sensory probes in TEM

7. Experimental Setup to produce Au NPs
Nd: YAG laser operating at 1064 nm with pulse width of 7 ns and 10 Hz repetition rate.

8. Results
Au NPs in distilled water prepared by laser ablation process. Darker color is due to
higher number of nanoparticles in the suspensions because of higher laser fluence
during the ablation process.
(size of NPs ~10 - 50 nm).

9. Relation of laser fluency and
ablation mass

10. XRD Technique
 Orientation(angles etc.) of Au bulk target and
generated NP samples are not exactly the same.
 Bragg re-flections indicate the presence of <111>,
<200>, <220>, <311>, and <222> sets of lattice planes in
the structure of NPs which are exactly the same with
the planes in the structure of bulk target.
 During the ablation processes gold oxide, Au2O3, NPs
are also produced in the water solution.

11. XRD Pattern of Au NPs
X-ray diffraction pattern of Au target and Au nanoparticle after drying the
suspensions on silicon at room temperature.

12. SEM images of NPs

13. Cont…
 The morphology of nanoparticles is strongly depends
on the energy and wavelength of laser pulse
 From s1 to s3, with increasing the laser pulse energy
number of small particles in the samples is increased.
 while from sample 3 to 5 more large NPs in the
samples can be observed.

14. Conclusions
 laser fluence is a powerful tool to control the
morphology and size of NPs.
 Size and morphology of nanoparticles depends upon
magnitude of laser energy which touches the target
surface through liquid medium.
 increasing the laser fluence size of produced gold
nanoparticles will decrease.
 there is threshold for the laser fluence at which the
absorption of the laser energy by the liquid
environment enhances sharply.

15.  In this experimental condition produced
nanoparticles are formed from the nucleation of
ablated gold atoms so the lattice structure of
nanoparticles is independent of the lattice structure of
target.