The document discusses nanoscience and nanotechnology. It defines nanoscience as the study of structures sized 1-100 nanometers. At the nanoscale, quantum mechanics effects dominate over classical physics and materials exhibit unexpected properties. The document outlines the history of nanoscience concepts and discoveries. It explores size comparisons to illustrate just how small the nanoscale is and discusses challenges in visualizing and working at that scale.
Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles that confine electrons and holes in all three dimensions. They are made using different methods like lithography, colloidal synthesis, or epitaxy. Quantum dots have discrete energy levels that depend on their size and shape. They have potential applications in solar cells, LEDs, bioimaging, drug delivery, and anti-counterfeiting due to their tunable light emission properties.
Presenting a topic based on introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
what is nano?
certain nomenclature like nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanometer and so on.
surface to volume ratio and quantum effect related concepts.
future applications.
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CARBON NANO TUBE -- PREPARATION – METHODSArjun K Gopi
The document discusses carbon nanotubes, including their structure and properties. It describes three common production methods: arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Arc discharge was the initial discovery method and remains widely used, but it produces impurities. Laser ablation yields primarily single-walled nanotubes but is expensive. Chemical vapor deposition allows control over diameter and is suitable for scaling up. Purification techniques are needed to separate nanotubes from byproducts. Potential applications include electronics, energy storage, and reinforced composites.
here you can find the most rare topics in detail
all fields of chemistry are deeply understood here for presenting the lectures
stay blessed and keep supporting
This presentation discusses quantum dots, which are nanoparticles that exhibit quantum confinement. Quantum dots are usually made of semiconductors and their optical and electrical properties depend on their size due to quantum confinement effects. They can be made through lithography, colloidal synthesis, or epitaxial growth methods. The presenter notes that quantum dots made of heavy metals like cadmium may not be commercially viable due to legislation, so silicon quantum dots are being researched as a non-toxic alternative. Potential applications of quantum dots include solar cells, biosensing, LEDs, displays, and lasers due to their size-dependent properties.
This document discusses nanobiotechnology and the functionalization of enzymes. It describes various types of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and dendrimers that can be used as matrices for enzyme immobilization. Methods of immobilizing enzymes on nanomaterials include electrostatic adsorption, covalent attachment, conjugation using protein affinity, and direct conjugation. Immobilizing enzymes provides benefits like increased stability but can introduce mass transfer limitations. Overall, nanomaterials provide a high surface area support for immobilizing enzymes with various applications.
Quantum dots can be made through lithography, colloidal synthesis, or epitaxy. Lithography uses a polymer mask and electron beam to pattern metal layers on quantum wells. Colloidal synthesis immerses semiconductor microcrystals in glass to form nearly equal sized microcrystals. Epitaxy involves growing smaller bandgap semiconductors on larger bandgap compounds, restricting growth with a mask to form quantum dots. Potential applications of quantum dots include computing, LEDs, photovoltaics, medical imaging, cell imaging, cancer detection and targeted drug delivery.
Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles that confine electrons and holes in all three dimensions. They are made using different methods like lithography, colloidal synthesis, or epitaxy. Quantum dots have discrete energy levels that depend on their size and shape. They have potential applications in solar cells, LEDs, bioimaging, drug delivery, and anti-counterfeiting due to their tunable light emission properties.
Presenting a topic based on introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology.
what is nano?
certain nomenclature like nanotechnology, nanoscience, nanomaterial, nanoscale, nanometer and so on.
surface to volume ratio and quantum effect related concepts.
future applications.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
CARBON NANO TUBE -- PREPARATION – METHODSArjun K Gopi
The document discusses carbon nanotubes, including their structure and properties. It describes three common production methods: arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Arc discharge was the initial discovery method and remains widely used, but it produces impurities. Laser ablation yields primarily single-walled nanotubes but is expensive. Chemical vapor deposition allows control over diameter and is suitable for scaling up. Purification techniques are needed to separate nanotubes from byproducts. Potential applications include electronics, energy storage, and reinforced composites.
here you can find the most rare topics in detail
all fields of chemistry are deeply understood here for presenting the lectures
stay blessed and keep supporting
This presentation discusses quantum dots, which are nanoparticles that exhibit quantum confinement. Quantum dots are usually made of semiconductors and their optical and electrical properties depend on their size due to quantum confinement effects. They can be made through lithography, colloidal synthesis, or epitaxial growth methods. The presenter notes that quantum dots made of heavy metals like cadmium may not be commercially viable due to legislation, so silicon quantum dots are being researched as a non-toxic alternative. Potential applications of quantum dots include solar cells, biosensing, LEDs, displays, and lasers due to their size-dependent properties.
This document discusses nanobiotechnology and the functionalization of enzymes. It describes various types of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and dendrimers that can be used as matrices for enzyme immobilization. Methods of immobilizing enzymes on nanomaterials include electrostatic adsorption, covalent attachment, conjugation using protein affinity, and direct conjugation. Immobilizing enzymes provides benefits like increased stability but can introduce mass transfer limitations. Overall, nanomaterials provide a high surface area support for immobilizing enzymes with various applications.
Quantum dots can be made through lithography, colloidal synthesis, or epitaxy. Lithography uses a polymer mask and electron beam to pattern metal layers on quantum wells. Colloidal synthesis immerses semiconductor microcrystals in glass to form nearly equal sized microcrystals. Epitaxy involves growing smaller bandgap semiconductors on larger bandgap compounds, restricting growth with a mask to form quantum dots. Potential applications of quantum dots include computing, LEDs, photovoltaics, medical imaging, cell imaging, cancer detection and targeted drug delivery.
Nanomaterials are materials that have at least one dimension sized between 1 and 100 nanometers. They exhibit unique properties due to their small size. There are two main approaches to synthesizing nanomaterials - top-down, which involves machining bulk materials, and bottom-up, which involves building up from atoms or molecules. Nanomaterials exist naturally in things like butterfly wings and cicada shells. They have many applications including in paints, sunscreens, medicine, sensors, food packaging, construction materials, energy storage, insulation, cutting tools, and more.
Novel effects can occur in materials when structures are formed with sizes comparable to any one of many possible length scales, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, or the optical wavelengths of high energy photons. In these cases quantum mechanical effects can dominate material properties. One example is quantum confinement where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size. The optical properties of nanoparticles, e.g. fluorescence, also become a function of the particle diameter. This effect does not come into play by going from macrosocopic to micrometer dimensions, but becomes pronounced when the nanometer scale is reached.
Nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with at least one dimension measuring less than 100 nanometers. They can exist in single, spherical, tubular, or irregular shapes in one, two, or three dimensions. Nanomaterials are important because their ultra-small size enables benefits like transparency in coatings and high strength with minimal material. Their large surface area enhances reactivity, strength, and electrical properties compared to larger particles of the same composition. Nanomaterials are created through top-down methods like grinding or bottom-up sol-gel processes and have applications in ceramics, semiconductors, powders, and thin films due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties at the nanoscale.
Nanotechnology refers to working with structures sized around 100 nanometers or smaller. Some key areas discussed in the document include the history of nanotechnology dating back to 1959, applications in areas like medicine, electronics, energy, and the environment, and both top-down and bottom-up approaches to working at the nanoscale. The future of nanotechnology is presented as holding promise for continued new applications and advancements across many fields.
Introduction
Nanoparticle characterization techniques
Electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron Microscope
X-ray powder diffraction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that exist as cylindrical structures with a high length-to-diameter ratio. They can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on the number of concentric cylinders. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary properties including high strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. Due to these properties, carbon nanotubes show promise for applications in electronics, hydrogen storage, solar cells, biosensors, drug delivery, and more.
Carbon containing Nanomaterials: Fullerenes & Carbon nanotubesMayur D. Chauhan
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk describing manipulating atoms and molecules. Common synthesis methods described include mechanical methods like ball milling and melt mixing, as well as physical vapor deposition techniques using evaporation, laser ablation, and ionized cluster beam deposition. The document outlines the advantages of nanotechnology in tuning material properties at small scales.
This presentation contains a basic introduction to quantum dots,their discovery, properties, applications,advantages,limitations and future prospects.It also contains a brief overview of experimental work carried out and results obtained during my summer term project.
This document discusses carbon nanotubes, including their discovery in 1952, types (single-walled and multi-walled), structure, properties, synthesis methods, and potential applications. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary strength and stiffness, along with high thermal and electrical conductivity. However, they can also be toxic and have crystallographic defects. The three main synthesis methods are arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Carbon nanotubes show promise for applications in materials science, electronics, medicine, and other fields due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.
This document provides an overview of nanocomposite materials. It defines nanocomposites as materials with at least one component that has dimensions between 1-100 nm. Nanocomposites consist of inorganic or organic nanoparticles embedded in a matrix. They exhibit enhanced and unique properties compared to bulk materials due to quantum effects and high surface area. The document discusses various synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nanocomposites, as well as their advantages and limitations.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biologicalPriya Nanda
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods include ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapor deposition techniques like sputtering and laser ablation. Chemical methods involve reducing metal salts or using sol-gel processes. Biological methods use microorganisms, plant extracts, proteins like ferritin, or biomolecular templates to synthesize nanoparticles. The document compares top-down lithography approaches to bottom-up assembly and provides many examples of synthesizing specific nanomaterials.
This document discusses top-down and bottom-up approaches for designing and preparing nanoparticles. The top-down approach involves breaking down bulk materials into nano-sized particles using methods like ball milling. The bottom-up approach involves building nanoparticles from individual atoms or molecules using nucleation and growth methods. Both approaches have advantages like control over particle size but also disadvantages such as potential contamination from milling or difficulty producing at large scale.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
This document discusses nanoscience and nanotechnology concepts. It begins with an introduction to nanoscience topics like quantum effects at the nanoscale. It then discusses various nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, thin films and their potential applications. The document also covers magnetic nanostructures such as ferromagnetism and magnetic domains. Measurement techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy are described. Finally, the document discusses thin film fabrication and the giant magnetoresistance effect in multilayer thin films.
Carbon nanotubes properties and applicationsAMIYA JANA
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures made by rolling graphene sheets into hollow tubes with diameters as small as 0.7 nanometers. CNTs have extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. They can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on their structure and chirality. CNTs show promise for applications in electronics, sensors, composites, medicine, and energy storage if production costs can be reduced and issues of purity and manipulation are addressed.
Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswalPradeep Jaiswal
This document discusses the solvothermal method for preparing nanomaterials. The solvothermal method involves conducting chemical reactions in a closed vessel (autoclave) where the solvent is heated above its boiling point. This allows reactions to occur under high temperature and pressure. An example given is the preparation of chromium dioxide nanoparticles by oxidizing chromium oxide in an autoclave with water and chromium trioxide. Advantages of the solvothermal method include precise control over the size, shape and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Disadvantages include the need for expensive autoclave equipment and safety issues during high pressure/temperature reactions.
Carbon Nanotubes and Their Methods of Synthesis tabirsir
This document discusses carbon nanotubes and their methods of synthesis. It begins by defining carbon nanotubes as sheets of graphite rolled into cylinders that can have single or multiple layers. It then discusses their extraordinary mechanical properties and classification based on chirality. Common synthesis methods are also summarized, including chemical vapor deposition, plasma enhanced CVD, arc discharge in a magnetic field, and laser ablation of metallic catalysts. Medical applications of carbon nanotubes are briefly mentioned at the end.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Nanomaterials are materials that have at least one dimension sized between 1 and 100 nanometers. They exhibit unique properties due to their small size. There are two main approaches to synthesizing nanomaterials - top-down, which involves machining bulk materials, and bottom-up, which involves building up from atoms or molecules. Nanomaterials exist naturally in things like butterfly wings and cicada shells. They have many applications including in paints, sunscreens, medicine, sensors, food packaging, construction materials, energy storage, insulation, cutting tools, and more.
Novel effects can occur in materials when structures are formed with sizes comparable to any one of many possible length scales, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, or the optical wavelengths of high energy photons. In these cases quantum mechanical effects can dominate material properties. One example is quantum confinement where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size. The optical properties of nanoparticles, e.g. fluorescence, also become a function of the particle diameter. This effect does not come into play by going from macrosocopic to micrometer dimensions, but becomes pronounced when the nanometer scale is reached.
Nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with at least one dimension measuring less than 100 nanometers. They can exist in single, spherical, tubular, or irregular shapes in one, two, or three dimensions. Nanomaterials are important because their ultra-small size enables benefits like transparency in coatings and high strength with minimal material. Their large surface area enhances reactivity, strength, and electrical properties compared to larger particles of the same composition. Nanomaterials are created through top-down methods like grinding or bottom-up sol-gel processes and have applications in ceramics, semiconductors, powders, and thin films due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties at the nanoscale.
Nanotechnology refers to working with structures sized around 100 nanometers or smaller. Some key areas discussed in the document include the history of nanotechnology dating back to 1959, applications in areas like medicine, electronics, energy, and the environment, and both top-down and bottom-up approaches to working at the nanoscale. The future of nanotechnology is presented as holding promise for continued new applications and advancements across many fields.
Introduction
Nanoparticle characterization techniques
Electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron Microscope
X-ray powder diffraction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that exist as cylindrical structures with a high length-to-diameter ratio. They can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on the number of concentric cylinders. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary properties including high strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. Due to these properties, carbon nanotubes show promise for applications in electronics, hydrogen storage, solar cells, biosensors, drug delivery, and more.
Carbon containing Nanomaterials: Fullerenes & Carbon nanotubesMayur D. Chauhan
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk describing manipulating atoms and molecules. Common synthesis methods described include mechanical methods like ball milling and melt mixing, as well as physical vapor deposition techniques using evaporation, laser ablation, and ionized cluster beam deposition. The document outlines the advantages of nanotechnology in tuning material properties at small scales.
This presentation contains a basic introduction to quantum dots,their discovery, properties, applications,advantages,limitations and future prospects.It also contains a brief overview of experimental work carried out and results obtained during my summer term project.
This document discusses carbon nanotubes, including their discovery in 1952, types (single-walled and multi-walled), structure, properties, synthesis methods, and potential applications. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary strength and stiffness, along with high thermal and electrical conductivity. However, they can also be toxic and have crystallographic defects. The three main synthesis methods are arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. Carbon nanotubes show promise for applications in materials science, electronics, medicine, and other fields due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.
This document provides an overview of nanocomposite materials. It defines nanocomposites as materials with at least one component that has dimensions between 1-100 nm. Nanocomposites consist of inorganic or organic nanoparticles embedded in a matrix. They exhibit enhanced and unique properties compared to bulk materials due to quantum effects and high surface area. The document discusses various synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nanocomposites, as well as their advantages and limitations.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biologicalPriya Nanda
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods include ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapor deposition techniques like sputtering and laser ablation. Chemical methods involve reducing metal salts or using sol-gel processes. Biological methods use microorganisms, plant extracts, proteins like ferritin, or biomolecular templates to synthesize nanoparticles. The document compares top-down lithography approaches to bottom-up assembly and provides many examples of synthesizing specific nanomaterials.
This document discusses top-down and bottom-up approaches for designing and preparing nanoparticles. The top-down approach involves breaking down bulk materials into nano-sized particles using methods like ball milling. The bottom-up approach involves building nanoparticles from individual atoms or molecules using nucleation and growth methods. Both approaches have advantages like control over particle size but also disadvantages such as potential contamination from milling or difficulty producing at large scale.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
This document discusses nanoscience and nanotechnology concepts. It begins with an introduction to nanoscience topics like quantum effects at the nanoscale. It then discusses various nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, thin films and their potential applications. The document also covers magnetic nanostructures such as ferromagnetism and magnetic domains. Measurement techniques like scanning tunneling microscopy are described. Finally, the document discusses thin film fabrication and the giant magnetoresistance effect in multilayer thin films.
Carbon nanotubes properties and applicationsAMIYA JANA
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures made by rolling graphene sheets into hollow tubes with diameters as small as 0.7 nanometers. CNTs have extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. They can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on their structure and chirality. CNTs show promise for applications in electronics, sensors, composites, medicine, and energy storage if production costs can be reduced and issues of purity and manipulation are addressed.
Solvothermal method mithibai college msc part 1 pradeep jaiswalPradeep Jaiswal
This document discusses the solvothermal method for preparing nanomaterials. The solvothermal method involves conducting chemical reactions in a closed vessel (autoclave) where the solvent is heated above its boiling point. This allows reactions to occur under high temperature and pressure. An example given is the preparation of chromium dioxide nanoparticles by oxidizing chromium oxide in an autoclave with water and chromium trioxide. Advantages of the solvothermal method include precise control over the size, shape and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Disadvantages include the need for expensive autoclave equipment and safety issues during high pressure/temperature reactions.
Carbon Nanotubes and Their Methods of Synthesis tabirsir
This document discusses carbon nanotubes and their methods of synthesis. It begins by defining carbon nanotubes as sheets of graphite rolled into cylinders that can have single or multiple layers. It then discusses their extraordinary mechanical properties and classification based on chirality. Common synthesis methods are also summarized, including chemical vapor deposition, plasma enhanced CVD, arc discharge in a magnetic field, and laser ablation of metallic catalysts. Medical applications of carbon nanotubes are briefly mentioned at the end.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It defines nanotechnology as the study and engineering of matter at the nanoscale, or atomic level. The document outlines the history of nanotechnology from its conception in 1959 to modern applications. Key tools used in nanotechnology like atomic force microscopes and carbon nanotubes are described. The document also discusses different approaches (top-down vs bottom-up), materials used, and applications of nanotechnology in areas like drugs, fabrics, electronics, and computers. It provides examples of how nanotechnology is enhancing performance in these domains.
Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnologiesNANOYOU
An introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnologies.
This chapter is part of the NANOYOU training kit for teachers.
For more resources on nanotechnologies visit: www.nanoyou.eu
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology including its history, definition, and applications. It discusses the following key points:
- Nanotechnology involves engineering at the molecular scale between 1 to 100 nanometers as well as manipulating and controlling matter on an atomic and molecular scale.
- Some applications of nanotechnology discussed include using nanomachines like nanoimpellers to target cancer cells, developing nanobots, improving electronics by reducing transistor size, and delivering drugs using nanoparticles.
- In medicine, nanotechnology is being used for targeted drug delivery, therapies like buckyballs and nanoshells, and developing anti-microbial techniques with nanoparticle creams and cell repairs from nanorobots.
This document discusses applications of nanotechnology including nanocells, carbon nanotubes, and molecular electronics. Nanocells are self-assembled networks of metallic particles that act as programmable switches. Carbon nanotubes are rolled sheets of carbon that can be semiconductors or metals and are strong candidates for nanowires. Potential applications highlighted include using carbon nanotubes for transistors, fuel cells, and simulation. Other applications discussed are nanobridge devices, nanoscale transistors, components for quantum computers, nanophotonic devices, and nanobiochips for drug discovery.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It begins with an introduction to nanotechnology, defining a nanometer and describing how nanotechnology works at the molecular scale. It then outlines several key applications of nanotechnology, including improving medicine through targeted drug delivery and artificial organs, enabling more powerful supercomputing through molecular circuits, and using nanotechnology to clean the environment and purify water and air. The document provides an overview of the goals, pioneers, approaches, techniques and many potential benefits of nanotechnology.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It begins by defining nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, which is one billionth of a meter. It then outlines several applications of nanotechnology including in electronics like transistors and solar cells, energy like batteries and fuel cells, and materials like carbon nanotubes. The document also discusses advantages such as stronger and lighter materials, faster computers, and medical applications like universal immunity. However, it notes some disadvantages like potential job loss and health risks from carbon nanotubes. Finally, it discusses the future of nanotechnology in areas like electronic paper and contact lenses.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, which is approximately 1 to 100 nanometers. It has applications in many areas such as medicine, energy, and computing. Some advantages of nanotechnology include materials that are stronger, lighter, cheaper, and more precise. However, there are also concerns about potential negative health effects and how nanotechnology could enable new types of weapons.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and its history. It discusses key terms like nanoscale and nanotechnology. Some important developments include the discovery of buckyballs in 1980 and carbon nanotubes in 1991. The document also outlines several types of nanotechnology like nano-materials, nano-electronics, nano-robotics and their applications. Nanotechnology is seen as having great potential impacts across many fields like engineering, electronics, medicine and more.
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanoscience and nanotechnology as the study and application of structures and processes at the nanometer scale, around 1 to 100 nanometers. Next, it discusses the tools that enabled nanoscience like the scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope which allow observation and manipulation of structures at the nanoscale. The document then outlines various nanostructures that exist in nature like biological machines and viruses, as well as man-made nanostructures like carbon nanotubes and buckyballs. It concludes with an overview of methods for building nanostructures including atom-by-atom assembly using scanning probe microscopes, sculpting materials away, and designing for self assembly.
The Next Very BIG (small) Thing
Contents:
Introduction to Nanotechnology
Applications In Today's Life
Advantages & Disadvantages
Future Of Nanotechnoogy
The document summarizes a presentation on developing paclitaxel nanoparticles using human serum albumin (HSA) as a polymer. Paclitaxel is insoluble in water and has low bioavailability. Nanoparticles can increase paclitaxel's stability, target delivery to tumor sites, and reduce toxicity. The method involves dissolving paclitaxel in chloroform and mixing it with an HSA solution to form an emulsion. The chloroform is then evaporated to form paclitaxel-loaded HSA nanoparticles.
Kurhekar Introduction to Nanotechnology-vit-08-08-2011DhairYash Kotwani
The document provides an introduction to nanotechnology, including:
1) Defining nanotechnology as understanding and manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale to create new materials and systems.
2) Describing the need for nanotechnology education and training as about 2 million workers will be needed worldwide in 10-15 years.
3) Explaining how instruments like electron microscopes and scanning probe microscopes enabled the field of nanoscience by enabling visualization and manipulation at the nanoscale.
This document discusses nanotechnology and provides an overview of the topic in several paragraphs. It defines nanotechnology as manipulating matter at the nanoscale, or one billionth of a meter. It then outlines some of the potential applications of nanotechnology in electronics, energy, materials, and life sciences. Some advantages are described as stronger, lighter, cheaper and more durable materials. Disadvantages mentioned include potential job losses and health effects. The future of nanotechnology is presented as transforming almost every human-made object over the next century through developments like electronic paper and advanced contact lenses.
Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, usually between 1 to 100 nanometers. It can be used to create new materials and devices with novel properties not seen in larger scales. There are two main approaches - top-down, which involves shrinking materials down, and bottom-up which involves building nanostructures up from individual atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has many potential applications such as in energy, health, security, and sensors. However, there are also challenges to address such as reducing costs, improving reliability, and managing environmental and social impacts.
The document discusses several applications of nanotechnology. It begins by summarizing some natural structures like spider silk and butterfly wings that demonstrate nanoscale properties like strength and iridescence. It then defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter between 1-100 nanometers. Some potential applications of nanotechnology mentioned include carbon nanotubes that are stronger than steel, graphene that is lighter than steel, and aerogels that are 98% air. The document also notes how nanotechnology can be developed using top-down or bottom-up approaches and lists some impacts like longer-lasting clothes, faster-healing bandages, and smoke-degrading lamps.
Introduction to Nanotechnology K.A. Dimuthu DharshanaDimuthu Darshana
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It begins with an introduction to nanotechnology, defining it as the control of matter at an atomic and molecular scale. It then discusses several current and future applications of nanotechnology in medicine, electronics, computing, manufacturing, space exploration, and more. Some key points include how nanotechnology can help deliver drugs precisely to diseased cells, potentially cure cancer without surgery or chemotherapy, enable ubiquitous computing, and make satellites and spacesuits lighter and stronger. The document concludes with references to online sources for further information.
There are three key differences when examining materials at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale. First, properties like optical and electrical behavior can change as quantum mechanical effects dominate over classical physics. Second, higher surface area to volume ratios impact characteristics like reactivity. Third, random molecular motion plays a more significant role. Understanding these phenomena is essential for developing new nanotechnologies and manipulating nanoscale properties.
This document provides an introduction and overview of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanoscience and discusses how behaviors change at the nanoscale level compared to microscale. Examples of nanostructures that exist in nature like DNA and viruses are provided. Methods for building and synthesizing nanostructures both through natural self-assembly processes and human fabrication techniques like atom-by-atom assembly are described. A variety of applications across different fields are mentioned.
It is the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
With this presentation developed within the NANOYOU project you will discover some of the secrets of the nanoscale and will learn about the applications of nanotechnologies.
For more resources on nanotechnologies you can visit: www.nanoyou.eu
Translations to several languages are also availabe in the NANOYOU website.
This document discusses nanoparticles and their applications in animal health and medicine. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology and nanoparticles, explaining that nanoparticles are extremely small, between 1-100 nanometers. It then discusses various types of nanoparticles including naturally occurring, incidental, and engineered nanoparticles. Specific nanomaterials discussed include buckyballs, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanotubes, and nanoshells. The document outlines several potential applications of nanoparticles in areas like drug delivery, medical robotics, surgery, and more. Nanoparticles' small size allows them to potentially precisely target cells and tissues for applications like cancer treatment.
- Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale where quantum mechanical effects are observed. It involves engineering materials and devices within the nanometer scale (1-100 nm).
- Some examples of nanotechnology include carbon nanotubes, graphene, buckminsterfullerenes, plasmonic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. Nanomaterials are characterized using techniques like atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
- Properties of materials change at the nanoscale due to increased surface area effects, quantum confinement, and single electron tunneling effects. This allows for applications in areas like energy storage, catalysis, drug delivery, and electronics.
This document provides an overview of a talk on nanoscience. It begins with defining nanoscience and providing background. It then discusses lessons that can be learned from nature at the nanoscale, such as biological structures and machines. Methods for building nanostructures like self-assembly and vapor deposition are described. The document gives examples of synthesizing nanomaterials like CdTe quantum dots and carbon nanotubes. It concludes by discussing some potential applications of nanotechnology in various fields like materials, health care, technology, and the environment.
Nanoparticles range from 1-100nm in size and may exhibit size-dependent properties different from bulk materials. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been created with diameters of 20nm, 45nm, and 80nm using TEM and SEM imaging. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles less than 10nm that show quantized energy levels resulting in size-dependent colors from their light emission. Potential applications of nanoparticles and quantum dots include biomedical imaging, solar cells, LEDs and other electronic and optical devices.
Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling and manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. It has many applications including in electronics, energy, materials and life sciences. In India, the government has launched several initiatives like the Nano Science and Technology Initiative to promote research in nanotechnology. While nanotechnology provides advantages like improved healthcare and more efficient energy and manufacturing, it also presents challenges regarding health, environmental and social impacts that require further research.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology, including its definition, history, current applications, and future potential. It defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1 billionth of a meter) to create new materials and devices. Some key points:
1) Nanotechnology is inspired by structures found in nature and was pioneered in the 1950s. Current applications include graphene for electronics, organic solar cells, printed electronic displays, and molecular robots for medical applications.
2) Future applications could include ultra-strong lightweight materials for construction, self-cleaning adaptive buildings, highly efficient solar energy, early disease detection chips, artificial organs produced with nanomedicine, and technologies to reverse climate change
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It begins by imagining future applications like chips monitoring health and repairing buildings. It then provides background on nanotechnology, explaining that it involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1-100 nanometers. Examples are given of how materials exhibit new properties at this scale, like gold becoming liquid. The document outlines several nanomaterials and their potential applications in areas like drug delivery, electronics, and composites. It traces the origins of nanotechnology back to Richard Feynman's 1959 talk envisioning atom manipulation.
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications. It begins by imagining future applications like chips monitoring health and repairing buildings. It then provides background on nanotechnology, explaining that it involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1-100 nanometers. Examples are given of how materials exhibit new properties at this scale, like gold becoming liquid. The document outlines several nanomaterials and their potential applications in areas like drug delivery, electronics, and composites. It traces the origins of nanotechnology back to Richard Feynman's 1959 talk envisioning atom manipulation.
Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick; a single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale, with a nanometer being one billionth of a meter. The document then discusses the history of nanotechnology from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk introducing the concept to modern developments like the scanning tunneling microscope. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology like lithography and microscopes are described. Specific nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and nanobots are explained. The wide applications of nanotechnology in areas like electronics, medicine, fabrics and more are outlined. The future potential of nanotechnology is also mentioned.
Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling and manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. It utilizes unique properties of nanomaterials to develop new technologies across many fields like electronics, medicine and energy. While concepts of the nanoscale have long existed in nature, the term "nanotechnology" was coined in the 1970s. Pioneers like Feynman and Drexler envisioned manipulating individual atoms and warned of potential dangers. Milestones included the invention of nanoscale imaging tools like the STM and discoveries of novel nanomaterials like buckyballs. Nanotechnology is now ubiquitous with applications in diverse areas.
Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling and manipulating matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, unique phenomena occur and enable novel applications. While concepts of the nanoscale have long existed in nature, the term "nanotechnology" was coined in the 1970s. Pioneers like Richard Feynman and K. Eric Drexler envisioned manipulating individual atoms and molecules to solve problems. Key developments included the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the discovery of buckyballs in 1985, allowing visualization and study of nanomaterials. Nanotechnology now encompasses diverse fields from electronics to medicine to energy.
The document is a presentation on nanotechnology given by 5 students. It begins with an introduction defining nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of structures between 1 and 100 nanometers. It then discusses the origins of nanotechnology in Richard Feynman's 1959 talk. Key topics covered include nanomaterials like nanoparticles, characterization tools like AFM and STM, properties of nanomaterials, implications for health and the environment, and applications in areas like medicine, electronics, energy, and more. The document provides a high-level overview of nanotechnology concepts, history, and applications.
the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.
This document provides an introduction to the course "Introduction to Nanoscience & Nanotechnology". It defines nanoscale materials as those with at least one dimension sized between 1-100 nanometers. It discusses how properties of materials can change at the nanoscale, provides examples like changing color of silicon nanoparticles. The document traces the history of nanotechnology from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk proposing the field. It describes the development of powerful nanoscale tools like scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopes and how nanomaterials are used in areas like health, electronics, agriculture and more.
Similar to Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology (20)
The document discusses the International Year of Crystallography 2014 which is being organized by the International Union of Crystallography and UNESCO. It summarizes that crystallography is the study of crystal structures at the atomic level using techniques like X-ray crystallography. Crystallography is important across many fields from materials science and engineering to biology and medicine, and underpins industries like mining, pharmaceuticals, and more. The year aims to raise awareness of crystallography and its contributions on the 100th anniversary of its origins with X-ray crystallography.
This document discusses using blogs for lifelong learning. It provides learning outcomes on exploring blogs and blogging, describing how blogs can be used in teaching and learning, creating and customizing a blog in WordPress, and embedding multimedia content in blogs. Blogs are proposed as a global communication space that can facilitate discussion and collaboration between students and teachers. Blogs allow teachers to upload materials, assignments, videos, podcasts and other content to supplement classroom learning and encourage collaboration and sharing of ideas, research and experiences. Various free blogging platforms like Blogger, WordPress, and EduBlogs are presented.
This document discusses inclusive education in India. It notes that while India has over 120 crore people, only 50,000 professionals are trained to work with the over 2.1 crore persons with disabilities. The Right to Education Act requires one special educator per school, meaning around 6 lakh additional teachers are needed. The document defines inclusive education and outlines its principles, features, strategies and the human resources and professionals required to support inclusive education systems. It also discusses innovations and programs in inclusive education developed by IGNOU to accommodate human resource needs through various certificate, undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
This document discusses concepts and methodologies for instructional design in digital learning from a UK perspective. It summarizes frameworks and models, pedagogical theory, evaluation and quality assurance, instructional design, appropriate technologies, skills requirements, resources, and sustainability. The SCATE model is presented for structuring online learning activities around scope, content, activity, thinking, and extra elements. Learning design approaches aim to increase readability, comprehension, and retention through structured unit-based learning experiences.
Gwen van der Velden from the University of Bath gave a presentation on designing effective learner-centric e-content. The presentation discussed the changing landscape of higher education in the UK including increased fees, marketization of universities, and greater emphasis on student feedback. Universities are responding by seeking more direct student feedback on teaching, increasing student representation, and involving students in teaching development. Understanding students' e-interests through surveys and focus groups is important from both an institutional and national perspective. The key question is what kind of student engagement universities want and how students learn best - in isolation or in context? Building institutional capacity for e-learning design includes conducting research on students' e-learning experiences, staff development, involving students in resource
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
This document discusses benchmarking, standards, and quality assurance of e-learning from the perspective of the University of Bath in the UK. It addresses UK discussions around how e-learning quality is assured and tensions between treating e-learning equivalently to or differently from other teaching. The University of Bath takes an integrated approach to quality assurance and development, driving quality as a function of learning and teaching. It was an early adopter of virtual learning environments and open educational resources and manages e-learning quality the same as all learning.
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
The document discusses creating a virtual learning environment at the University of Delhi using open educational resources and networked delivery of education. Some key points:
1) It proposes a blended model combining physical and virtual elements for delivering quality education through a network-based approach.
2) Open educational resources like content, applications and infrastructure can be leveraged to create engaging, customized and modular educational resources.
3) Efforts include building curriculum-based content, collaborative project-based labs, and training teachers to effectively use technologies and design content.
4) Challenges include identifying appropriate platforms and pedagogical issues, but benefits include seamless access to educational resources across institutions.
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
The document summarizes the instructional design approach for e-content in India. It describes a three phase approach: (1) developing e-courses using a "learning by doing" methodology, (2) conducting teacher training programs to facilitate adoption of e-learning, and (3) implementing the e-courses in colleges and assessing impact. Over 3,000 teachers have been trained across over 100 colleges, and student evaluations found a 16.5% increase in teacher performance on average. Placement rates at some colleges also improved 15-66% after adopting the e-learning programs.
The document discusses open educational resources (OER) practices from a UK perspective. It notes that significant government funding has been available internationally to support OER development. Reasons to engage in OER development include improving access to learning materials, marketing and brand extension, and achieving economies of scale. The University of Bath's experience includes small-scale OER projects funded by JISC and the HEA. Engaging in OER development is seen as a highly cultural and balancing experience that can provide educational benefits through overcoming challenges in current practice. Key challenges for institutions include intellectual property, sustainability of initiatives, and discoverability of resources.
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
The document discusses designing effective learner-centric e-content for open and distance learning from an Indian perspective. It addresses creating contextualized and learner-centered online content that engages learners and fosters collaboration, reflection, and links to real-world job skills. Effective learning design integrates individual self-paced learning into the overall program. The status and models of open universities in India are also examined.
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
This document provides an overview of Prof. Andrew Ravenscroft's research interests which include designing 21st century learning for 21st century skills using new approaches like deep learning design. It discusses moving from instructional design to learning design that takes various learning contexts into account. The research may be relevant to developing learning solutions in India by carefully studying Indian learning contexts and designing technology-enabled solutions. Ravenscroft has also researched public pedagogy and establishing an international center focused on educational development and inclusive education.
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
The document discusses open educational resources (OER) practices from a UK perspective. It notes that significant government funding has been available internationally to support OER development. Reasons to engage in OER development include improving access to learning materials, marketing and brand extension, and achieving economies of scale. The University of Bath's experience includes small-scale OER projects funded by JISC and the HEA. Engaging in OER development is seen as a highly cultural and balancing experience that can provide educational benefits through overcoming challenges in current practice. Key challenges for institutions include intellectual property, sustainability of initiatives, and discoverability of resources.
Instruction Designe for e-Content Development;UK-India ProspectiveMazhar Laliwala
This document discusses concepts and methodologies for instructional design in digital learning from a UK perspective. It summarizes frameworks and models, pedagogical theory, evaluation and quality assurance, instructional design, appropriate technologies, skills requirements, resources, and sustainability. The SCATE model is presented for structuring online learning activities around scope, content, activity, thinking, and extra elements. Learning design approaches aim to increase readability, comprehension, and retention through structured unit-based learning experiences.
Top Gujarati Language & Literature Web ResourcesMazhar Laliwala
This document provides a summary of top Gujarati language web resources and templates for creating PowerPoint presentations. It includes links to websites for learning Gujarati online, dictionaries, literature resources, and templates demonstrating different page layouts with various elements like text, images, tables, graphs and charts. Smart art templates are also included that utilize features in PowerPoint 2007.
The document discusses Open Educational Resources (OER), which include open courseware, open textbooks, MOOCs, learning repositories, and open media like images, podcasts and videos. It provides examples of OER repositories and websites that host OER content. Key types of OER are described as well as tools for locating, organizing, and delivering OER. The document emphasizes that OER aims to minimize barriers to creating, sharing, and reusing educational materials.
The document outlines the importance of collecting accurate data on higher education in India to aid in planning and policymaking. It discusses the need for an All India Higher Education Survey to develop a sound national database, as the current data is inadequate and outdated. The survey will collect data from universities, colleges, and other institutions on topics like enrollment numbers, student-teacher ratios, exam results, finances, and more. Proper data collection and analysis is crucial for improving higher education access and quality in India.
This document discusses effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching and learning. It begins by listing objectives like exploring open educational resources and web tools for teaching. It introduces ICT, noting they are powerful tools for educational change. It then provides numerous links to open educational resources, e-learning platforms, and tools for creating and sharing educational content online. It discusses concepts like personal learning environments and networks. The document serves as a guide to leveraging digital technologies and online resources to enhance education.
The document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It defines the cell as the basic unit of life and outlines the cell theory. It describes the two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Key structures of the typical animal and plant cell are then discussed, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Each cellular structure's function is briefly explained.
This document discusses the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in 21st century teaching and learning. It outlines that ICT tools have become powerful resources for educational change and reform. It describes characteristics of 21st century learners and pedagogy, emphasizing skills like problem solving, collaboration, and digital literacy. The document also lists various online tools, resources and platforms that can be used to enhance teaching and support lifelong learning.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
1. Pandit Deendayal Petroleum
University
Introduction to Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology
Dr. Bharat Parekh
School of Technology
Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
Gandhinagar-382007
Gujarat, India
2. Plan of the Talk
• Nanoscience-Definition
• Background
• Lesson from Nature
• Building nano structures
• Synthesis of nanomaterials (CdTe)
• Applications in different field
• Nano Industry
• Summary
3. Introduction
• A biological system can be exceedingly small. Many of
the cells are very tiny, but they are very active; they
manufacture various substances; they walk around;
they wiggle; and they do all kinds of marvelous
things—all on a very small scale. Also, they store
information. Consider the possibility that we too can
make a thing very small that does what we want—that
we can manufacture an object that maneuvers at that
level.
(From the talk “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom,” delivered by Richard
P. Feynman at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at the
California institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, on December 29, 1959.)
4. What is Nanoscience?
When people talk about Nanoscience, many start by
describing things
• Physicists and Material Scientists point to things like
new nanocarbon materials:
• They effuse about nanocarbon’s strength and electrical
properties
Graphene Carbon Nanotube C60 Buckminster
Fullerene
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
5. Biologists counter that nanocarbon is a recent discovery
THEY’VE been studying DNA and RNA for much longer
(And are already using it to transform our world)
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
6. And Chemists note THEY’VE synthesized molecules for over a
century
<= First OLED material: tris 8-hydroxyquinoline
aluminum
(OLED = organic light emitting diode)
Commercial OLED material: Polypyrrole
Most heavily investigated molecular electronic switch: Nitro oligo
phenylene ethynylene
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
7. All of these things ARE very small
Indeed, they are all about the size of a nanometer:
Nano = 10-9 = 1/ 1,000,000,000 = 1 / Billion A nanometer is
about the size of ten atoms in a row
This leads to ONE commonly used definition of nanoscience:
Nanoscience is study of nanometer size things (?)
Why the question mark? Because what is so special about a
nanometer?
A micrometer is ALSO awfully small:
Micro = 10-6 - 1/1,000,000 = 1 / Million
A micrometer (or "micron") is ~ size of light's wavelength
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
8. And microtechnology has been rolling along for half a
century!
Microelectronics = Integrated circuits, PC's, iPods, iPhones . . .
Intel 4004: The original "computer on a chip" - 1971 (Source: UVA Virtual Lab)
Also = MEMS (Micro-electro-mechanical-systems):
Air bag accelerometers, micro-mirror TVs & projectors . . .
(Source: Texas Instruments DLP demo - www.dlp.com/tech/what.aspx)
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
9. Indeed, microtechnology has gotten smaller EVERY year
MOORE'S LAW: The (then almost whimsical) 1965 observation by Intel co-
founder Gordon Moore that the transistor count for integrated
circuits seemed to be doubling every 18-24 months
He was really sticking his neck out: IC's had only been invented 7 years before!
(by Moore, his Fairchild/Intel colleagues, and Texas Instrument's Jack Kilby)
But his "law" has since been followed for forty five years:
(Source: www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/index.htm)
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
10. So is Nanoscience/technology really new & unique?
• Micro is also VERY small
• Micro has been around for a long time
• Micro has steadily shrunk to the point that it is now
almost NANO anyway !
• Leading to a LOT of confusion about the distinction
between Micro & Nano
• Even among scientists!!
• And likelihood that Nanotechnology will be built UPON
Microtechnology
• Either by using certain Microfabrication techniques Or,
literally, by being assembled ATOP Microstructures
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
11. Meaning that the NANO "revolution" is just a lot of hype?
Just about making things incrementally smaller?
Just about a simple shift in the most convenient unit of
measure?
I DO see something very unique about Nano:
Nano is about boundaries where BEHAVIOR radically
changes:
When the BEHAVIOR OF THE OBJECTS SUDDENLY
CHANGES
Or when OUR BEHAVIOR MUST CHANGE to make those
things
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
12. Boundary :
ELECTRON WAVES Separate NanoSCIENCE from MicroSCIENCE
The discovery that electrons = waves led to QUANTUM MECHANICS
A weird, new, counter intuitive, non-Newtonian way of looking at
the nano world With a particular impact upon our understanding of
electrons: Electrons => Waves
How do you figure out an electron’s wavelength?
electron = h / p
“De Broglie’s Relationship”( = electron wavelength, h = Planck’s
Constant, p = electron’s momentum)
This relationship was based on series of experiments late 1800’s /
early 1900’s
To put the size of an electron’s wavelength in perspective:
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
13. Nanometer Scale - Unknown Behavior
• “Magical Point on Length Scale, for this is the point
where the smallest man-made devices meet atoms
and molecules of the natural world.”
– Eugene Wong, Knight Rider Newspapers, Kansas City Star, Monday Nov.
8th, 1999
• Just wait, the next century is going to be incredible.
We are about to be able to build things that work at
the smallest possible length scales, atom by atom .
These little nanothings will revolutionize our
industries and our lives.”
– R. Smalley, Congressional Hearings, Summer 1999.
14. Size of Things
Millimeters Microns Nanometers
Ball of a ball point pen 0.5
Thickness of paper 0.1 100
Human hair 0.02 - 0.2 20 – 200
Talcum Powder 40
Fiberglass fibers 10
Carbon fiber 5
Human red blood cell 4–6
E-coli bacterium 1
Size of a modern transistor 0.25 250
Size of Smallpox virus 0.2 – 0.3 200 – 300
Electron wavelength: ~10 nm or less
Diameter of Carbon Nanotube 3
Diameter of DNA spiral 2
Diameter of C60 Buckyball 0.7
Diameter of Benzene ring 0.28
Size of one Atom ~0.1
"We're not in Kansas Anymore!" - A Hands-on Introduction to Nanoscience
15. How Big is a Nanometer?
• Consider a human hand
skin
white blood cell DNA atoms
nanoscale
Source: http://www.materialsworld.net/nclt/docs/Introduction%20to%20Nano%201-18-05.pdf
16. History of Nanomaterials
• 1974 The word Nanotechnology first coined by Nario
Taniguchi, Univ. of Tokyo --- production technology
to get ultra fine accuracy and precision – 1nm
• 1981 IBM invented STM scanning tunneling
microscope which can move single atoms around
• 1985 new form of carbon discovered --- C60
buckminister fullerene 60 carbon atoms arranged in
a sphere made of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons
17. History of Nanomaterials
Lycurgus chalice 4th Century A.D.
Appears green in reflected light and red if light is directed
through it (70 nm particles of silver and gold in the glass)
Lycrugus
Lycrugus cup with
cup with
focused light
diffused
light
18. History of Nanomaterials
• 1991 carbon nanotubes discovered “graphitic
carbon needles ranging from 4 nm – 30 nm and up to
1 micron in length”
( Sumino Iijima)
• 1993 First high quality quantum dots prepared ---
very small particles with controlled diameters of CdS,
CdSe, CdTe
19. History of Nanomaterials
• 2000 First DNA motor made similar to
motorized tweezers may make computers
1000 more powerful.
DNA motors can be attached to
electrically conducting
molecules – act as basic
switches
Nature 406 (6796) 2000, 605-608.
20. History of Nanomaterials
• 2001 prototype fuel cell made with nanotubes
• 2002 Nanomaterials make stain repellant
trousers Nano-care khakis have nanowhiskers
(10-100 nm in length)
21. Lesson from Nature
• Nano airborne particles (100 -1000 nm) cause
water to condense and form raindrops or
snowflakes
• Plankton – varies in sizes from (1- 100 nm)
Marine bacteria and viruses
22. Glucose and Glucose oxidase
All cells require glucose (0.6 nm)
as a fuel for metabolism.
Energy is released from glucose
when it is precisely positioned
relative to the glucose oxidase
enzyme
( 5 nm)
Lock and key mechanism
common in biology
23. Actin and Myosin
Actin and myosin
molecules form the system
responsible for muscle
contraction.
The system operates by a
series of steps where the
head of myosin molecule
pulls the actin past itself by
10–28 nm each step.
24. NATURE - Gecko Power
Gecko foot hairs typically have diameters
of 200 – 500 nm. Weak chemical interaction
between each hair and surface (each foot has
over 1 million of these hairs) provides a force
of10 N/cm2.
This allows Gecko’s to walk upside down across
glass ceilings.
27. Nanoscience Is Everywhere
in Nature
• Living cells have been using their own nanoscale
devices to create structures one atom or
molecule at a time for millions of years.
• To be specific, DNA is copied, proteins are
formed, and complex hormones are
manufactured by cellular devices far more
complex than the most advanced manufacturing
processes we have today.
http://dallas.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2001/09/10/focus2.html?page=3
28. So How Did We Get Here?
New Tools!
As tools change, what we can see
and do changes
29. Using Light to See
• The naked eye can see to about 20 microns
• A human hair is about 50-100 microns thick
• Light microscopes let us see to about 1 micron
• Bounce light off of surfaces to create images
to see red blood cells
Light microscope (400x)
(magnification up to 1000x)
Sources: http://www.cambridge.edu.au/education/PracticeITBook2/Microscope.jpg
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/760000/images/_764022_red_blood_cells300.jpg
30. Using Electrons to See
• Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs),
invented in the 1930s, let us see objects as
small as 10 nanometers
– Bounce electrons off of surfaces to create images
– Higher resolution due to small size of electrons
(4000x)
Greater resolution to see things like blood cells in greater detail
Sources: http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/facilities/BMF/images/SEMFaye1.jpg
http://cgee.hamline.edu/see/questions/dp_cycles/cycles_bloodcells_bw.jpg
31. Touching the Surface
• Scanning probe
microscopes,
developed in the
1980s, give us a
new way to “see”
at the nanoscale
• We can now see
really small About 25 nanometers
things, like atoms,
and move them
too! This is about how big atoms are
compared with the tip of the
microscope
Source: Scientific American, Sept. 2001
32. Scanning Probe Microscopes
• Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
– A tiny tip moves up and down in response to the
electromagnetic forces between the atoms of the
surface and the tip
– The motion is recorded and used to create an image
of the atomic surface
• Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
– A flow of electrical current occurs between the tip
and the surface
– The strength of this current is used to create an image
of the atomic surface
33. Is Gold Always “Gold”?
• Cutting down a cube of gold
– If you have a cube of pure
gold and cut it, what color
would the pieces be?
– Now you cut those pieces.
What color will each of the
pieces be?
– If you keep doing this - cutting
each block in half - will the
pieces of gold always look
“gold”?
Source: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/GRAPHIC0/GEOMORPH/SurfaceVol0.gif
34. Nanogold
• Well… strange things happen at
the small scale
– If you keep cutting until the
gold pieces are in the nanoscale
range, they don’t look gold
anymore… They look RED!
– In fact, depending on size, they 12 nm gold particles look red
can turn red, blue, yellow, and
other colors Other sizes are other colors
• Why?
– Different thicknesses of materials
reflect and absorb light differently
Source: http://www.nano.uts.edu.au/pics/au_atoms.jpg
36. Carbon Nanotubes
• Using new techniques,
we’ve created amazing
structures like carbon
nanotubes
• 100 time stronger than
steel and very flexible
• If added to materials
like car bumpers,
increases strength and
flexibility
Model of a carbon nanotube
Source: http://www.library.utoronto.ca/engineering-computer-science/news_bulletin/images/nanotube.jpeg
37. Carbon Buckyballs (C60)
• Incredible strength due
to their bond structure
and “soccer ball”
shape
• Could be useful
“shells” for drug
delivery
• Can penetrate cell walls
• Are nonreactive (move
safely through blood
stream)
Model of Buckminsterfullerene
Source: http://digilander.libero.it/geodesic/buckyball-2Layer1.jpg
38. Biological Nanomachines in Nature
• Life begins at the
nanoscale
– Ion pumps move
potassium ions into and
sodium ions out of a cell
– Ribosomes translate RNA
sequences into proteins
– Viruses infect cells in
biological organisms and
reproduce in the host cell
Source: http://faculty.abe.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/lect_06.htm
Influenza virus
http://www.zephyr.dti.ne.jp/~john8tam/main/Library/influenza_site/influenza_virus.jpg
41. Fabrication Methods
• Atom-by-atom assembly
– Like bricklaying, move atoms into
place one at a time using tools like the
AFM and STM IBM logo assembled
• Chisel away atoms from individual xenon
atoms
– Like a sculptor, chisel out material
from a surface until the desired
structure emerges
• Self assembly
– Set up an environment so atoms
assemble automatically. Nature uses
self assembly (e.g., cell membranes) Polystyrene
spheres self-
assembling
Source: http://www.phys.uri.edu/~sps/STM/stm10.jpg; http://www.nanoptek.com/digitalptm.html
42. Example: Self Assembly By Crystal Growth
• Grow nanotubes like trees
– Put iron nanopowder crystals
on a silicon surface
– Put in a chamber
– Add natural gas with carbon
(vapor deposition)
– Carbon reacts with iron and
Growing a forest of nanotubes!
forms a precipitate of carbon
that grows up and out
• Because of the large number of structures you can create
quickly, self-assembly is the most important fabrication
technique
Source: http://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/~etrnsfer/nanowires/
44. • Aqueous reduction of metal salts (Ag, Au) in the presence of
• citrate ions
• – Chemisorption of organic ligands for handling
• – Distribution varies > 10%
II-VI ME nanocrystals (NCs) (M =
Zn, Cd, Hg; X = S, Se, Te)
• – Metal alkyls + organophosphine
chalcogenides
• – Phosphine binding to M
controlled by temperature
• – Ostwald ripening allows for size-
selective aliquots; growth time for
1-2 nm NCs in minutes
46. • CdO + oleic acid + octadecene
• Heat to 250° C to dissolve the CdO
• Selenium + octadecene + tributylphosphine
• Heat to 150° C to dissolve the selenium
• Transfer Se solution to the Cd solution
• Take aliquots
47. Potential Impacts of Nanotechnology
• Materials • Technology
– Stain-resistant clothes – Better data storage
• Health Care and computation
– Chemical and biological • Environment
sensors, drugs and – Clean energy, clean air
delivery devices
Thin layers of gold are used in Carbon nanotubes can be used Possible entry point for
tiny medical devices
47 for H fuel storage nanomedical device
48. Materials: Stain Resistant Clothes
• Nanofibers create cushion of air around fabric
– 10 nm carbon whiskers bond with cotton
– Acts like peach fuzz; many liquids roll off
Nano pants that refuse to stain; Nano-Care fabrics with water, cranberry juice,
Liquids bead up and roll off vegetable oil, and mustard after 30 minutes (left)
and wiped off with wet paper towel (right)
48
Sources: http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218391840&cat=3_5
http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/IPSE/educators/activities/nanoTex.html
49. Materials: Paint That Doesn’t Chip
• Protective nanopaint
for cars
– Water and dirt
repellent
– Resistant to chipping
and scratches Mercedes covered with tougher, shinier
– Brighter colors, nanopaint
enhanced gloss
– In the future, could
change color and self-
repair?
49
Sources: http://www.supanet.com/motoring/testdrives/news/40923/
50. Environment: Paint That Cleans Air
• Nanopaint on buildings
could reduce pollution
– When exposed to
ultraviolet light, titanium
dioxide (TiO2)
nanoparticles in paint
break down organic and
inorganic pollutants that Buildings as air purifiers?
wash off in the rain
– Decompose air pollution
particles like formaldehyde
50
Sources: http://english.eastday.com/eastday/englishedition/metro/userobject1ai710823.html
51. Environment: Nano Solar Cells
• Nano solar cells mixed in plastic could be
painted on buses, roofs, clothing
– Solar becomes a cheap energy alternative!
] 200 nm
Nano solar cell: Inorganic nanorods embedded in semiconducting
polymer, sandwiched between two electrodes
51
Source: http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2002/03/28_solar.html
52. Technology: A DVD That Could Hold a Million Movies
• Current CD and DVD media have
storage scale in micrometers
• New nanomedia (made when gold
self-assembles into strips on
silicon) has a storage scale in
nanometers
…or 1,000,000
– That is 1,000 times more storage
along each dimensiontimes greater
(length,
storage density
width)… in total!
52
Source: Images adapted from http://uw.physics.wisc.edu/~himpsel/nano.html
53. Technology: Building Smaller Devices and Chips
• Nanolithography to create tiny patterns
– Lay down “ink” atom by atom
Transporting molecules to a surface by
Mona Lisa, 8 microns tall, created by
dip-pen nanolithography
AFM nanolithography
53
Sources: http://www.ntmdt.ru/SPM-Techniques/Principles/Lithographies/AFM_Oxidation_Lithography_mode37.html
http://www.chem.northwestern.edu/~mkngrp/dpn.htm
54. Health Care: Nerve Tissue Talking to Computers
• Neuro-electronic networks interface nerve
cells with semiconductors
– Possible applications in brain research,
neurocomputation, prosthetics, biosensors
Snail neuron grown on a chip that records the neuron’s activity
54
Source: http://www.biochem.mpg.de/mnphys/publications/05voefro/abstract.html
55. Health Care: Detecting Diseases Earlier
• Quantum dots glow in UV light
– Injected in mice, collect in tumors
– Could locate as few as 10 to 100 cancer cells
Quantum Dots: Nanometer-sized crystals that
contain free electrons and emit photons when
submitted to UV light
Early tumor detection,
55
Sources: http://vortex.tn.tudelft.nl/grkouwen/qdotsite.html
studied in mice
http://www.whitaker.org/news/nie2.html
56. Health Care: Growing Tissue to Repair Hearts
• Nanofibers help heart muscle grow in the lab
– Filaments ‘instruct’ muscle to grow in orderly way
– Before that, fibers grew in random directions
Cardiac tissue grown with the help of nanofiber filaments
56
Source: http://www.washington.edu/admin/finmgmt/annrpt/mcdevitt.htm
57. Health Care: Preventing Viruses from Infecting Us
• Nanocoatings over proteins on viruses
– Could stop viruses from binding to cells
– Never get another cold or flu?
Gold tethered to the
Influenza virus: Note proteins on
protein shell of a virus
outside that bind to cells
57
Sources: http://www.zephyr.dti.ne.jp/~john8tam/main/Library/influenza_site/influenza_virus.jpg
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/topstory/8005/8005notw2.html
58. Health Care: Making Repairs to the Body
• Nanorobots are imaginary, but nanosized
delivery systems could…
– Break apart kidney stones, clear plaque from
blood vessels, ferry drugs to tumor cells
58
Source: http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/2004/08/19/nanorobots.php
59. The Nano Industry
• Biotechnology
– Platypus
• Equipment suppliers – Bioforce Nanoscience
– Imago Instruments – Atom probe – Ace Ethanol
microscope
– Hysitron Inc • Healthcare
– Thermo electron – Medtronic
– Boston Scientific
• Advanced materials
– 3M
– Cima Nanotech • Energy
– Nanodynamics – Fuel cells
• Electronics – A natural – Konarka – Flexible solar panels
progression – Cymbet
– Intel
– HP • Defense and security
– Motorola
– Detecting explosives and bio
– IBM agents
– MIT Institute of Soldier
Nanotechnologies
FNI 1A 59
60. The Nano Industry
• NNI http://www.nano.gov/
• NNIN http://www.nnin.org/
• MRSEC http://www.mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/
• NanoHUB http://www.nanohub.org/
• Conferences: NSTI, UMN,
– http://www.nsti.org/
– http://www.nano.umn.edu/conference2008/
• Nanorite Center http://www.nanorite.org/
• Nano in the News
FNI 1A 60
61. Future of Nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology products worldwide will be $2.6 Trillion or
15% of global manufacturing output.” Investing in
Nanotechnology -- Jack Uldrich
Enablers and tools: Hysitron, Imago
Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotechnologies, Aspen Aerogels
Fortune 500 Companies: 3M, Affymetrix, Cabot, Dow, Dupont,
Kodak, Texaco, AMD, GE, HP, IBM, Intel, Motorola, NEC
Disrupters: Bioforce Nanoscience, Nanosolar
FNI 1A 61
62. Potential Risks of Nanotechnology
• Health issues
– Nanoparticles could be inhaled, swallowed,
absorbed through skin, or deliberately injected
– Could they trigger inflammation and weaken the
immune system? Could they interfere with
regulatory mechanisms of enzymes and proteins?
• Environmental issues
– Nanoparticles could accumulate in soil, water,
plants; traditional filters are too big to catch them
• New risk assessment methods are needed
– National and international agencies are beginning
to study the risk; results will lead to new
regulations
62
63. Summary: Science at the Nanoscale
• An emerging, interdisciplinary science
– Integrates chemistry, physics, biology, materials
engineering, earth science, and computer science
• The power to collect data and manipulate particles at
such a tiny scale will lead to
– New areas of research and technology design
– Better understanding of matter and interactions
– New ways to tackle important problems in
healthcare, energy, the environment, and
technology
– A few practical applications now, but most are
years or decades away
63
64. Mother Nature
Mankind has always found inspiration in
Mother Nature. Today developing
technologies allow us to probe and better understand the
nanoscience of Mother Nature.
65. Introduction to Nanoscience
1. Intro to Nano 2. The Nano Debate 3. History of Nano 4. Scale of Things
Nano Industry Ch 1, Smalley vs Drexler Future of Nano Ch 15 Nano Ch 1
2,16 Ch 15
5. Nanochemistry 6. The Atom Game 7. Quantum 8. Waves – Slinkys,
Ch 3 Ch 3 mechanics (Ch 6) Light and Orbitals Ch
Unit 1Test 3
9. Tools of Nano Ch 3 10. Microscopy 1 11. Electron 12. Microscopy 2
Optical and Electron microscopy Ch 3 Electron beam
Ch 3 specimen interactions
13. Scanning probe 14. Microscopy 3 15. Other Tools Ch 3 16. UWEC Field Trip
microscopy Ch 3 Scanning Probe Ch 3 Test 2
17. X-Ray Analysis 18. X-Ray Diffraction 19. Carbon 22. Carbon
Ch 3 Nanotubes Ch 4 Nanotubes
21. Nanomaterials Ch 20. Gold 23. Synthesis/self 24. Magnetic
5, 12 Nanoparticles assembly/Test 3 Nanoparticles
25. Special Topics 26. Alternative energy 27. Special Topics 28. Lab on a Chip
Energy Ch 9 applications of Nano Biomedical Ch 10-11
29. Student 30. Student 31. Final Exam 32. Last Day
Presentations
FNI 1A Presentations 65