Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale level between 1-100 nanometers to create structures with unique properties. One application is in water treatment where carbon nanotube membranes could reduce desalination costs and nanofilters may be used to clean contaminated ground and surface water. Nanotechnology also shows promise for air pollution control through nanofilters in vehicle exhausts and factory smokestacks. However, more research is still needed to fully understand potential health and environmental risks of nanoparticles.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.
Application of Nanotechnologies in the Energy SectorBasiony Shehata
Applications of nanotechnology for increasing efficiency of generated power at low cost and the other hand,increasing efficiency of storage energy and transmission power.
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Application of Nanotechnologies in the Energy SectorBasiony Shehata
Applications of nanotechnology for increasing efficiency of generated power at low cost and the other hand,increasing efficiency of storage energy and transmission power.
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
As the exciting field of nanotechnology develops, the broader envi.docxfredharris32
As the exciting field of nanotechnology develops, the broader environmental impacts of nanotechnology will also need to be considered. Such considerations might include: the environmental implications of the cost, size and availability of advanced technological devices; models to determine potential benefits of reduction or prevention of pollutants from environmental sources; potential new directions in environmental science due to advanced sensors; effects of rapid advances in health care and health management as related to the environment; impact of artificial nanoparticles in the atmosphere; and impacts from the development of nanomachines [8]. Research is needed using nanoscale science and technology to identify opportunities and applications to environmental problems, and to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of nanotechnology. Also, approaches are needed to offer new capabilities for preventing or treating highly toxic or persistent pollutants, which would result in the more effective monitoring of pollutants or their impact in the ways not currently possible. Early application of nanotechnology is remediation using nanoscale iron particles. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles are deployed in situ to remediate soil and water contaminated with chlorinated compounds and heavy metals.
Among the many applications of nanotechnology that have environmental implications, remediation of contaminated groundwater using nanoparticles containing zero-valent iron is one of the most prominent examples of a rapidly emerging technology with considerable potential benefits. There are, however, many uncertainties regarding the fundamental features of this technology, which have made it difficult to engineer applications for optimal performance or to assess the risk to human or ecological health. This important aspect of nanoparticles needs extensive considerations as well. One of the main environmental applications of nanotechnology is in the water sector. As freshwater sources become increasingly scarce due to overconsumption and contamination, scientists have begun to consider seawater as another source for drinking water. The majority of the world’s water supply has too much salt for human consumption and desalination is an option but expensive method for removing the salt to create new sources of drinking water. Carbon nanotube membranes have the potential to reduce desalination costs. Similarly, nanofilters could be used to remediate or clean up ground water or surface water contaminated with chemicals and hazardous substances. Finally, nanosensors could be developed to detect waterborne contaminants. Air pollution is another potential area where nanotechnology has great promise. Filtration techniques similar to the water purification methods described above could be used in buildings to purify indoor air volumes. Nanofilters could be applied to automobile tailpipes and factory smokestacks to separate out contaminants and prevent them from en ...
Purification of Wastewater by Metal Oxide Nanoparticlesijtsrd
In todays world, nanotechnology is becoming increasingly popular for water treatment. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the development of typical metal oxide materials TiO2, Fe3O4 Fe2O3, MnO2, CeO2, MgO and Al2O3 and the related processes for the treatment of various water resources which have been contaminated by organic solutes, inorganic anions, radionuclides, bacteria and viruses. Gajendra Kumar Tardia "Purification of Wastewater by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50327.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50327/purification-of-wastewater-by-metal-oxide-nanoparticles/gajendra-kumar-tardia
Nanotechnology: Understanding the Applications in Nutrition Science Neelakshi Tanima
How different atoms can be arranged in a way which decides how strong or weak it would be?
When we modify materials at their atomic and molecular level, some very unusual and useful properties are generated. Since the dimensions of atoms and molecule are in nanometers, this technology is called nanotechnology.
Multiple institutions like Department on Information Technology (DoIT), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) provided the funding to researchers, scholars and projects.
National Centers for Nanofabrication and Nanoelectronics were started in Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai.
Nanotechnology has the potential to impact many aspects of food and agricultural systems. Food security, disease treatment delivery methods, new tools for molecular and cellular biology, new materials for pathogen detection, and protection of the environment are examples of the important links of nanotechnology to the science and engineering of agriculture and food systems.
But NANOTECHNOLOGY also have shortcomings like:
Free Radical formation aggravation
Nutrient Toxicity
Unnatural in nature, so the effects can’t be stated
Transition of nano particles in placenta in pregnant mothers and effects on breast milk quality
DNA or Biological changes due to prolong intake of nanoparticles
Mercury, titanium oxide, metal toxicity or poisoning
Interaction of nanoparticles with each other and with in the body
Degradability
Financial effects or Affordability to general population
Applicability: As they say….One size doesn’t fit all
These can be taken care of by assuring Safety, Regulatory compliance and Affordability.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMMakrani Shaharukh
Nanotechnology is science of matter and material that deal with particle size in nanometers. Nanotechnology has established a lot of devotion with never seen-before eagerness because of its upcoming potential. It has delivered fine lined diagnosis and attention treatment of disease at molecular level. This technology compromises the improvement of protecting drugs from degradation; reduce the number of doses required. In this review, a discussion was passed out on different techniques for the preparation of nanodrug delivery systems like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions. The idea of nanotechnology is widely prolonged and applied to many drugs to the present. The vital application goal of nano drug delivery system is to develop clinically useful formulation for treating diseases in patients.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other scientific fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. The potential impact areas for nanotechnology in water treatment are divided into three categories, i.e., treatment and remediation, sensing and detection, and pollution prevention"
Representation of any numerical data by using diagrams is known as diagrammatic representation. Diagrammatic data representations give a simple and easy understanding of any numerical data collected as compared with the tabular form of the data or textual form of the data.
Dietitians provide food and nutrition information, and support people to improve their health. They provide advice on nutrition-related matters. Dietitians can also change diets to help manage conditions such as: diabetes
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Nanotechnology is defined
as the study and use of
structures between 1
nanometer and 100
nanometers in size.
Nanotechnology is the
manipulation or self-
assembly of individual
atoms, molecules, or
molecular clusters into
structures to create materials
and devices with new or
vastly different properties.
4. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD
• Nanofood describes the food, which has been
cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using
nanotechnology techniques or tools or to which
nanomaterials have been added.
6. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT
• One of the main environmental applications of nanotechnology
is in the water sector. The majority of the world’s water supply
has too much salt for human consumption and desalination is
an option but expensive method for removing the salt to create
new sources of drinking water. Carbon nanotube membranes
have the potential to reduce desalination costs.
• Similarly, nanofilters could be used to remediate or clean up
ground water or surface water contaminated with chemicals
and hazardous substances. Finally, nanosensors could be
developed to detect waterborne contaminants.
• Air pollution is another potential area where nanotechnology
has great promise. Nanofilters could be applied to automobile
tailpipes and factory smokestacks to separate out contaminants
and prevent them from entering the atmosphere.
8. NANOTECHNOLOGY- LIMITATIONS
• Lack of proper knowledge about the
effect of nanoparticles on biochemical
pathways and processes of human body.
• The toxicity associated with Nano
medicine that might pose a serious threat
to the human beings and environment.
9. CONCLUSION
The nanotechnology development at present is in its
initial stages in India. In an area such as tuberculosis and
rural health, clean water, renewable energy food packaging
and agriculture fertilizers. There is also a danger in viewing
nanotechnology as a solution to developing country
challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to develop responsible
nanotechnology governance, encourage the development of
appropriate products targeted to help meet critical human
development needs, and include methods for addressing the
safety, appropriateness; accessibility and sustainability of
nanotechnology meet the developing countries like India.
