The document describes experiments conducted by a student group called AL-Bairaq to investigate properties of light. They observed light spectra using different light sources, diffraction of waves through barriers and openings, interference patterns from single and double slits, and iridescence in peacock feathers and thin films. The group fabricated phonetic crystals and proposed a laser traffic light system to improve visibility and safety. They learned about light properties through hands-on activities and acknowledge support from their teachers, school, and sponsors.

1. AL-Bairaq
I am Discovering Materials
Manipulating light in the Nano-World
Group Name : engineers
Munif alhousani Mohammed Abweny
Motasem AL-Najjar Abdurheman Nqadan

2. Outline
• Introduction of Light
• Activity 1: Light and their spectrum
• Activity 2: observing diffraction
– Part A: Diffraction in Water Waves.
– Part B :Diffraction Simulation.
• Activity 3: Observing interference
– Part A : Two Slit Simulation.
– Part B : Making Interference Transparent.
– Part C :Wave generator .
• Activity 4: Observing iridescence
– Part A: Peacock feather
– Part B :Two colors at once.
• Design Project : Fabricating Phonetic
crystals
• Product Idea :

3. Introduction
Light: is electromagnetic radiation waves
Reflection: is the change in direction of a wave front at an
interface between two different media
Refraction: the change in direction of propagation of a
wave

4. Procedure : to start with we made a simple spectrum like this then we
added the light sources mentioned up these pictures represent the light
spectrum of the types of light.
Description : observing the visible spectrum of light in 2 types of
light ( florescent , incandescent )
Activity 1: Light and their spectrum

5. Results : We can see 2 different types of Light spectrum using 2
different types of light in the first photo we can see the florescent
light spectrum in the second photo we can see the incandescent
light spectrum
Conclusion : There is different types of light spectrum according to
the type of light
Activity 1: Light and their spectrum

6.  Description : Observing waves in water when there’s an
obstacle
 Procedure : to make the following experiment we
needed Plastic container, wooden blocks, wooden rod
and water we tried to line the wooden blocks as in the
picture then we started making waves using the rod.
Activity 2: observing diffraction

7. Results : We can summarize results by saying that water
passed through when there was an opening but it didn’t
pass through when there’s a barrier.
Conclusion : we concluded that waves in water does not
pass through barriers but it can pass through an opening .
Activity 2: observing diffraction

8. Activity 2: observing diffraction

 Procedure : To start with we simulated the movement of waves through a slit and then
through 2 slits , while changing the aperture size of the slit in each experiment in the
pattern below :
 1) ½ the wavelength of the color.
 2) The same length of the color wavelength.
 3) 3 the color wavelength
• Simulation link : http://165.124.3.26/bsslit.html
• Description: Observing interference in waves

9. Activity 3: Observing interference
 when a wave passes through a slit the wave gets more
visible when the slit length is the same as the lamda
observe interference by simulation
link : http://165.124.3.26/bdslit.html

10. Activity 3: Observing interference
 Interference Transparent.
Types
Constructive : it happens when the peak of the wave meet the other peak
other the wave or the opposite bottom meet the bottom
Destructive : it happens when the peak of the wave meet the bottom of the
other wave

11. Activity 3: Observing
interference
Procedure : We tied the thread to the wave generator and
then we powered on the wave generator after that the wave
generator started producing waves that interfere with each
other and each time we Lengthening the thread the waves
will increase which left us with nodes and anti-nodes

12. The peacock feather color changed under the ultraviolet
light because of something called iridescences which is
caused for two primary reasons which are :
1) Nanostructure (Ex. Peacock feather)
2) Thin film (Ex. Soap bubbles)
3) Both of the nanostructure and the film (Ex.)
Activity 4: Observing iridescence

13. Activity 4: Observing iridescence
 Observing iridescence using an ultraviolet light and a
peacock feather .
 in order to observe iridescence we got a hardened
paper box we made a hole in each end one for the light
and one for our eyes so we can see the peacock feather
, then we put the peacock feather under the box turned
on the ultraviolet light and then we saw different colors
because of it’s nanostructure.

14. Activity 4: Observing iridescence
iridescence on different gift wrap
It happens because of the thin film the thin film happens of
the is to different layers with a different density
Part B :Two colors at once.

15. Design Project : Fabricating Phonetic
crystals
Description: making phonetic crystals to observe iridescences
Procedure: we added two types of
fake opal solution on the concave layer
one is 250 nm & the other is 300 nm
and then we put it on an oven to 20 min
Results: after the 20 min it started
crystalizing

16. Product Idea :
 Our project is based on making a light traffic using a condensed laser light
that will be completely visible to everyone that every body can see it clearly
 The laser is similar to light but it keeps on adding energy to light to
concentrated that why laser is more powerful than ordinary light
 The traffic is a sign that positioned on the road to control the traffic
L.P.T.L

17. Hypothesis:
Our idea will reduce the percentage of deaths
caused by crossing the traffic light whether it’s
caused by ignorant or by accidental crossing
Product Idea :

18. material
Procedures :
We will put laser on the top of the
traffic light and condense it so that
when it makes contact with the
ground it will be visible for drivers

19. Results and Conclusions
 It will lower the percentage of the traffic accident
and by that we will protect the lives of people

20. Recommendation
 We recommend using it instead of traffic lights
because the lives of people is priceless

21. Conclusions
 We learned about Light and their spectrum
 we observed diffraction
 we Observed interference
 we Observed iridescence
 We learned how to Fabricate Phonetic crystals

22. Acknowledgment
Many thanks to my teachers, school and AL-Bairaq team
from Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar
University for supporting us during our journey with a AL-
Bairaq.
Also, I would like to thank the sponsors UNESCO, Qatar
National Commission, Ras Gas, Maersk and Shell.