my new presentation of my dissertation work on synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide nano-structures

1. SYNTHESIS AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF
NICKEL OXIDE (NiO)
NANOSTRUCTURES
By
Beena .K
MPH-05-14-06

2. Outline
Introduction
Objectives of my work
Experimental Method
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
Future Works

3. Introduction
Nanotechnology
 is the science of small; the very small.
 It is the use and manipulation of matter at a tiny scale.
Nano materials are materials possessing grain sizes on
the order of a billionth of a metre, Nanometre.
Metal oxide nanomaterials have advanced applications in
many areas like, high efficient solar cell engineering due to
their diverse properties

4. Solar cell Application
 n-type TiO2, ZnO, etc are used as electron transport layer
 Focus on p-type NiO Nanomaterial as hole transport layer
Schematic drawings of the BHJ solar cell structure under study with a
HTL of (a) PEDOT:PSS and of (b) NiO.

5. NICKEL OXIDE (NiO)
P- Type Antiferromagnetic Oxide Semiconductor with
wide band gap between 3.6 - 4.0 eV
•Transition Metal Oxide
Conduction Band Energy = 1.8 eV.
Ionisation Potential is 10.7 eV

6. Objectives of My work
 Synthesis of NiO nanopowder and Thin films
 Study the Dependence of NaOH concentration on NiO
nano powder and Nickel acetate concentration on NiO thin
film.
 Study the Dependence of temperature on NiO
nanostructures
 Structural study of NiO nanostructures by using XRD
 Determination of Grain Size, lattice parameters and strain

7. Experimental Method

8. Results and Discussion
XRD
A collimated beam of x ray is irradiated upon the crystal and the
angle at which the beam is diffracted are measured.
Bragg’s Law is the principle behind XRD.The relation between
Bragg’s angle, Wavelength and interplanar distance is given by
2dsinӨ =nλ
The size of the nanomaterial can be derived from the peak
broadening and calculated by using the Scherrer equation,
D = Kλ/β cosӨ

9. XRD Studies of NiO Nanopowder

10. Observations and Calculations
NaOH
Concentra
tion (M)
Grain
Size
D (nm)
Lattice Parameters (Å)
Strain
a c
0.2 2.53 2.22 7.22 -0.0293
0.3 3.17 2.22 7.22 -0.0223
0.4 3.82 2.22 7.22 -0.0308
0.5 4.02 2.22 7.22 -0.0306
0.6 4.14 2.22 7.22 -0.0362

11. Strain is calculated using Williamson-Hall plot
Lattice Parameters are Calculated using the
Equation

13. Fabrication of thin films by Spray Pyrolysis
Nickel acetate + 100ml distilled water

14. To study the effect of annealing temperature and number of
coating on thin film formation for 0.1M nickel acetate

15. To study the effect of annealing temperature and number of
coating on thin film formation for 0.2M Nickel acetate

16. Calculations from XRD
Nickel accetate
Concentration(M
)
N0: of
coatings
Temperature Grain size
(nm)
0.1 2 300 6.06
400 6.62
500 9.71
5 400 4.3
500 10.5
8 400 4.8
500 11.5

17. Calculations from XRD
Nickel acetate
Concentration(M
)
N0: of
coatings
Temperatur
e
Grain size(nm)
0.2 2 300 4.44
400 5.63
500 10.88
5 300 4.16
400 7.94
500 13.29

18. CONCLUSION
 NiO nanopowder were successfully synthesized by co-
precipitation method.
 XRD analysis confirms the formation of trigonal structure
of NiO nanostructures having grain size in the range of 2-5
nm.
 Grain size NiO nanopowder increases with increse in NaOH
concentration

19. Nickel oxide Thin Film is successfully fabricated by Spray
Pyrolysis having grain size in the range of 4-14 nm
Grain size of NiO Thin film is increases with annealing
temperature and No: of coatings
Lattice Parameters of nanopowder are in well agreement
with the Reported Data

20. Future Works
 Structural and morphological study of Nio Nanostructures
 Optical and Magnetic Study of Nio Nanostructures
 Study of Devices using Nio Nanostructures.

21. Thank You….