Cardiac Arrhythmia Conditions: Finding Causes with Microgrants
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This document discusses cardiac arrhythmias and genetic testing to identify their causes. It describes how identifying genetic causes allows for 50% of family members to be excluded from unnecessary tests and treatments, helps determine specific conditions and treatments, and can provide prognostic information. The document outlines how whole exome sequencing analyzes over 20,000 genes and how a microgrant funded a project that identified a genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy within 2 months of receiving the exome data. It concludes that motivated clinicians, scientists, and patients drive discovery and that advanced technology can help clinicians if funding enables more testing and less grant writing.
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The document discusses cardiac electrical disorders and potential treatments. It summarizes that atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 1-2% of the population. Mapping studies in the 1990s showed episodes originate from outside the heart in the pulmonary veins. Ablation therapy targeting these veins has eliminated recurrences in many patients. Research aims to better understand atrial remodeling with age to develop preventive drugs, and to characterize individual forms of AF to identify targeted treatment sites and therapies. Sudden cardiac death is also discussed, with ventricular fibrillation found to often initiate from Purkinje cells. Mapping has guided ablation treatments but broader mechanisms need study for new drug therapies. Heart failure impacts millions in Europe and
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Transplantation immunology
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3) He had a successful engraftment and remains in remission 3 years later, demonstrating autologous cord blood transplantation can treat severe aplastic anemia in rare cases.
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This document discusses hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its current state and future opportunities. HSCT is an effective treatment for hematologic, immune, metabolic and cancerous diseases. It replaces defective cells and offers high-dose therapy and graft-versus-tumor effects. While HSCT faces challenges like toxicity and costs, advances in unrelated donor matching, cord blood use, and reduced intensity regimens have expanded its applications. Standards and accreditation are needed to ensure quality, and further growth depends on expanded donor availability and combining HSCT with new cellular immunotherapies.
Goldschmidt1
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Cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac arrhythmias are abnormalities in the heart's rhythm that can cause symptoms ranging from palpitations to sudden death. The two main types are bradycardias, which are slow heart rates below 60 bpm, and tachycardias, which are fast heart rates over 100 bpm. Arrhythmias can arise from problems in the sinus node, atria, AV junction, or ventricles due to issues with automaticity or re-entry of electrical impulses. Common arrhythmias include sinus tachycardia/bradycardia, premature beats, atrial fibrillation, and heart blocks. Treatment depends on the specific arrhythmia and symptoms but may include lifestyle changes, medications
Cardiac conduction system
The cardiac conduction system is made up of four main structures that stimulate contraction of the heart muscle in a coordinated way. The sinoatrial node acts as the pacemaker and initiates electrical impulses throughout the heart. The atrioventricular node receives impulses from the atria and slows conduction to allow for filling of the ventricles before contraction. Specialized fibers called Purkinje fibers rapidly conduct electrical signals from the atrioventricular node to stimulate coordinated ventricular contraction. An electrocardiogram traces the electrical activity of the heart along the conduction system.
Cardiology
Unstable angina is caused by plaque rupture, ulceration, or hemorrhage in the coronary arteries, which can lead to thrombus formation. It is diagnosed using EKGs showing ST segment changes and treated with medications to reduce blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen demand on the heart. Prinzmetal's angina involves ST segment elevation and often affects young women, usually occurring in the morning and involving the right coronary artery. It is treated with nitrates and calcium channel blockers to reduce oxygen consumption and induce vasodilatation. Cardiac failure presents with symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. Causes include heart attacks, infections, or valve problems. Treatment focuses on correcting reversible causes
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Arrhythmias
The document discusses different types of cardiac arrhythmias, including tachycardia (fast heart rate), bradycardia (slow heart rate), premature ventricular contractions, atrial flutter, ventricular flutter, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular fibrillation. It defines these conditions and explains their causes and characteristics, such as rapid and irregular heart rhythms. The document also discusses treatments for arrhythmias like defibrillators, which deliver electric shocks to restore normal heart rhythm.
Arrhythmia
An arrhythmia (ah-RITH-me-ah) is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm.
A heartbeat that is too fast is called tachycardia (TAK-ih-KAR-de-ah). A heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia (bray-de-KAR-de-ah).
Arrythmias in ICCU
Cardiac arrhythmias occur frequently in ICU patients, with the most common being sinus tachycardia. Arrhythmias are often seen in patients with structural heart disease and can be exacerbated by critical illness. Management involves treating any imbalances that may be triggering the arrhythmia as well as directed medical therapy. Arrhythmias in the ICU represent a major source of morbidity and increased length of stay.
Bus Bites- Cardiac Arrhythmias
This podcast discusses broad QRS complex tachycardic arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia can cause hemodynamic compromise and requires urgent cardioversion if unstable. Torsades de pointes is caused by prolonged QT interval and treated with magnesium and removing triggers. Ventricular fibrillation results in ineffective ventricular contractions and requires immediate defibrillation. Supraventricular tachycardia with bundle branch block has similar causes and treatments to SVT without BBB.
Mechanism of arrythmias
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3. Disorders of impulse conduction include conduction block and reentry, which is when an impulse circles back and reactivates tissue that is still recovering, leading to sustained, rapid rhythms. Common reentrant arrhythmias include atrial flutter, at
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The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Older adults who exercised regularly performed better on cognitive tests and brain scans showed they had greater activity in important areas for memory and learning compared to less active peers.
2nd Annual Arrhythmia and Heart Failure Symposium
The purpose of this symposium is to educate the cardiovascular team, as well as internists, with the most clinically relevant information regarding heart failure, arrhythmias, and structural ischemic and vascular issues.
Dr hoppe arrythmias
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3) While palpitations can be caused by cardiac issues like arrhythmias or non-cardiac issues like caffeine, the document focuses on how conditions like SVT may be exacerbated in women during times of hormonal fluctuation like menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause.
4
Dr Vanita Arora - Arrhythmia Diagnosis in India
Dr Vanita Arora is a Senior Consultant Cardiac Electrophysiologist & Interventional Cardiologist, Cardiac Electrophysiology Lab and Arrhythmia Services, 3D Mapping Radio frequency Ablation of the Complex Arrtymias and Arrhythmia Cardiac Diagnosis in India.
Aplicaciones de las series de fourier
El documento describe las series de Fourier y sus aplicaciones en procesamiento digital de señales. Explica que las series de Fourier representan funciones periódicas como la suma de senoides y que esto permite expresar señales como una combinación lineal de términos, facilitando su procesamiento. También cubre el uso de las series de Fourier en análisis armónico de señales y resolución de ecuaciones diferenciales.
Hair Boom (Hair Bang) Product Introduction - Laser Helmet for Hair Loss
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Ecg
- LVH is characterized by tall QRS complexes on ECG due to increased electrical forces moving through the thickened myocardium.
- Criteria exists to diagnose LVH using a 12-lead ECG, such as the R wave in V5 or V6 plus the S wave in V1 or V2 exceeding 35 mm.
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Heart Arrhythmia
Heart arrhythmias result from disturbances in the rate, regularity, or origin of the heart's electrical signals. They are divided into two groups - one including life-threatening ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia requiring immediate defibrillation, and another including less dangerous arrhythmias that may still require treatment. Ventricular arrhythmias like ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation involve abnormal electrical signals originating in the ventricles. These can cause symptoms like fainting, chest pain, or shortness of breath and carry risks like inadequate blood flow leading to cardiac arrest if not terminated quickly.
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Treatable Diseases Using Stem Cells
These are diseases for which transplants of blood-forming stem cells (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants, HSCT) are a standard treatment. For some diseases they are the only therapy, and in other diseases they are only employed when front-line therapies have failed or the disease is very aggressive. For more info visit: http://www.cryobanksindia.com/moms-corner/case-studies/
Treatable diseases using Stem Cells
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1) The document categorizes diseases treated with blood-forming stem cells into standard therapies, therapies in clinical trials, and experimental treatments. It distinguishes between allogeneic transplants using donor stem cells and autologous transplants using a patient's own stem cells.
2) Standard therapies include various forms of leukemia, lymphoma, anemias, immune disorders, and other blood disorders. Clinical trials cover neurologic injuries, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and gene therapy for inherited disorders. Experimental treatments are still being researched in labs and animals.
3) Clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue focus on diseases like Alzheimer's, aplastic anemia, autism
Treatable Diseases Using Stem Cells - Cryobanks India
1) The document categorizes diseases treated with blood-forming stem cells into standard therapies, therapies in clinical trials, and experimental treatments. It distinguishes between allogeneic transplants using donor stem cells and autologous transplants using a patient's own stem cells.
2) Standard therapies include various forms of leukemia, lymphoma, anemias, immune disorders, and other blood disorders. Clinical trials cover neurologic injuries, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and gene therapy for inherited disorders. Experimental treatments are still being researched in labs and animals.
3) Clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue focus on diseases like Alzheimer's, aplastic anemia, autism
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The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Cardiac Arrhythmia Conditions: Finding Causes with Microgrants
- 1. Cardiac Arrhythmia Conditions: Finding Causes with Microgrants Robert Hamilton, MD Prof. & Sr. Assoc. Scientist Labatt Family Heart Centre SickKids/Research Institute
- 2. Ackerman
- 7. A comparison of genetic findings in sudden cardiac death victims and cardiac patients: the importance of phenotypic classification Christin L Hertz , Laura Ferrero- Miliani , Rune Frank-Hansen , Niels Morling , Henning Bundgaard
- 8. Arrhythmia Syndromes: Why Genes? First and foremost: to exclude the condition in ~50% of family members Avoid drugs and restrictions, no tests or F/U Identify specific condition for specific Rx Gene Discovery Better understanding of disease Track and identify gene-specific prognosis Screen for new or repurposed therapies
- 10. Whole Exome Sequencing 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes normal people each carry on average ~400 potentially damaging DNA variants Siblings share 1/2, cousins 1/8th, etc. Doesn’t require multi-generation family! (Nobody’s Perfect!)
- 11. DCM project microgrant Dec, 2013-approached by genetics fellow Oct, 2014-Ethics approved but funding gone Nov 30, 2014-Microgrant application send Dec 22, 2014-Microgrant funded Jan, 2015-Samples submitted for Exomes Feb 27, 2015@4:40pm Exome data returned Feb 27, 2015@5:06pm Gene identified
- 13. Stacked Reads show Deletion
- 14. Gene Discovery: Arrhythmogenic DiseasesNew Gene 1 New Gene 2 New Gene 3
- 15. Final Thoughts Inquisitive clinicians/scientists and motivated, well-informed patients drive discovery Money is not the major driver (but some helps!) (I’d like to analyze more exomes, write fewer grants!) Advanced technology can be clinician friendly Current plans: Confirmation (modeling in zebrafish in process) Return of Research Results
- 16. Questions?