Ginger is a botanical that originates from Zingiber officinale. It contains chemical constituents like gingerol and shogaol. Ginger has medicinal uses as an anti-bacterial, to decrease cholesterol and joint pain from arthritis, and as an anti-inflammatory. High doses of ginger can cause side effects like heartburn, diarrhea, and skin irritation when applied. Ginger can be consumed fresh, dried, or in teas and drinks, with most research using 250mg to 1g per day. Ginger may interact with anticoagulants, anti-diabetes drugs, and blood pressure medications.

2. ZINGIBER
OFFICINALE

3. PHARMACOGNOSTIC FEATURES:-
 BOTANICAL ORIGIN : ZINGIBER
OFFICINALE
 FAMILY : ZINGIBERACEAE
 COMMON NAME : GINGER,GINGER
ROOT,BLACK GINGER,ZINGIBERIC
RHIZOMA
 URDU NAME : ADRAK
 PART USED : RHIZOMES
 CHEMICAL CLASS : LILOPSIDA

4. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
 GINGEROL
 SHAGOL
 ZINGIBERINE
 ZINGIBEROL
 PHELLANDRENE
 BISABILONE
 STARCH
 TRACE AMOUNT OF Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu,K

5. MEDICNAL USES :-
 ANTI BACTERIAL
 USED IN CONTIMENTS
 DECREASE CHOLESTROL LEVEL
 DECREASE JOINT PAIN FROM ARTHIRITIS
 ANTI INFLAMMATORY
 ANTI EMETIC EFFECTS
 TREATMENT FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS e.g
MOTION SICKNESS,NAUSEA,VOMITING AND
ARTHIRITIS
 USED IN COLD,COUGH AND BRONCHITIS

6. SIDE EFFECTS:-
 ADVERSE EFFECT AFTER INGESTION OF
GINGER ARE UNCOMMON, BUT THEY
CAN INCLUDE MILD GIT EFFECTS SUCH
AS HEARTBURN,DIARRHEA , IRRITATION
OF MOUTH,STOMACH
DISCOMFORT,IRRITATION TO SKIN WHEN
APPLIED.

7. DOSAGE:
 GINGER CAN BE CONSUMED AS:
 FRESH OR DRIED ROOT
 PREPARED IN TEAS,SOFT DRINKS AND
BREADS
 MOST CLINICAL RESEARCH HAS USED
BETWEEN 250mg AND 1g OF THE
POWDERED ROOT IN CAPSULAR FORM,
TAKEN ONE TO 4 TIMES DAILY.

8. INTERACTIONS:
 ANTICOAGULANT: anticoagulant interacts with
ginger. Ginger might also slow blood clotting. Taking
ginger along with this might increase chances of
bleeding.
 WARFARIN: warfarin interacts with ginger. Warfarin is
used to slow blood clotting. Taking with ginger might
increase the chances of bleeding.
 ANTIDIABETES DRUGS: they interacts with ginger.
Ginger might decrease blood sugar. Diabetes
medications also used to lower blood sugar. Taking
ginger along with diabetes medication might cause
your blood sugar to go too low.

9. INTERACTIONS:
 MEDICATIONS FOR HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE: interacts with ginger. Ginger
might reduce blood pressure. Taking ginger
along with these medication cause your
blood pressure to drop too low or an irregular
heart beat. Examples include nifepedine,
verapamil

10. CONTRAINDICATIONS:
 DURING PREGNENCY AND BREAST
FEEDING: It’s use is controversial. Not enough
known. Stay on the safe and don’t use it.
 BLEEDING DISORDER: taking ginger may
increase your increase of bleeding.
 DIABETES: ginger migh lower your blood sugar.
As a result your diabetes medications might
need to be adjusted .
 HEART CONDITIONS: high doses of ginger
might worsen some heart conditions.

11. TOXICITY:
 Some studies indicate that ginger taken in
high amounts migh cause miscarriages and
thus are not recommended for pregnant
women and dosages over 6 grams can
cause gastric problems and possibly ulcers
arrythmias and CNS depression.

12. REFERENCES:-
 www.webmd.com
 www.medicinenet.com
 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 www.online.epocrates.com