1. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a perennial plant native to Southeast Asia. Its rhizome is used as a spice and medicine. 2. The active constituents of ginger include phenolic compounds like 6-gingerol, which has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. 3. To prepare a ginger product, the rhizomes are extracted with ethanol to obtain 6-gingerol, which is then incorporated into soft gel capsules for oral administration.

1. Ginger As An Anticancer Agent
Abdullah Asem - Abdelrahman Ramadan - Adham Ahmed - Ahmed Ashour - Hossam Ahmed
Moatasem Muhammad - Muhammad Ragae – Muhammad Shaaban - Muhammad Ahmed Raslan – Mustafa Mahmoud
Prof Dr/ Abdelsalam Ibrahem - Dr/ Ahmed Ismail Sabry
Ass. Lecturer/ Shimaa M. Abdelgawad
Under supervision of 1. Kapoor, V., Aggarwal, S., Das, S.N., 2016. 6-Gingerol mediates its anti tumor activities in human oral and cervical cancer cell lines through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Phytother. Res. 30, 588–595
2. Cheng, X.L., Liu, Q., Peng, Y.B., Qi, L.W., Li, P., 2011. Steamed ginger (Zingiber officinale): changed chemical profile and increased anticancer potential. Food Chem. 129,1785–
1792
3. Wang,Q Wei,Q et al; A novel formulation of [6]-gingerol: Proliposomes with enhanced oral bioavailability and antitumor effect, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Volume
535, Issues 1-2
4. A.A. Hamza, G.H. Heeba, S. Hamza, A. Abdalla and A. Amin, 2021 Standardized extract of ginger ameliorates liver cancer, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 134
5. Promdam, N. Panichayupakaranant, P., 2022 [6]-Gingerol: A narrative review of its beneficial effect on human health,Food Chemistry Advances, Volume 1
References
Ginger, (Zingiber officinale), herbaceous perennial
plant of the family zingiberacaea, probably native to
southeastern Asia, and its pungent aromatic rhizome
(underground stem) used as a spice, flavoring, food, and
medicine.
Name and origin
• Extraction: Rhizomes of Z. officinale are washed
with water and shade dried. Ten grams of dried
rhizomes were extracted with absolute ethanol (100
mL) for 2–4 h at 50- 80 °C using a reflux apparatus.
The ginger extracts are filtered through No.1 filter
paper and kept at −20 °C.
• Preparation: the extracted [6]-gingerol oil can then
be incorporated into a dosage form intended for oral
use, since [6]-gingerol exhibited appreciable
absorption and bioavailability through oral
administration.
• Soft gel capsules may prove to be the most suitable
dosage form due to the oily nature of the active
constituent [6]-gingerol.
Uses of plant
Ginger is abundant in active constituents, mainly:
• Phenolic compounds: gingerols, shogaols, and
paradols. In fresh ginger, gingerols are the major
polyphenols, such as 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-
gingerol.
• Phenolic compounds: quercetin, zingerone,
gingerenone-A, and 6 dehydrogingerdione.
• Terpene components: β-bisabolene, α-curcumene,
zingiberene, α-farnesene, and β-sesquiphellandrene.
• Polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids, and raw fibers.
Active constituents of plant
Several lines of evidence suggest that [6]-gingerol is
effective in the inhibition of COX-2 induction,
hyperproliferation, and inflammatory processes, which
are responsible for initiation and promotion of
carcinogenesis. It also inhibits the latter steps of
carcinogenesis such as angiogenesis and metastasis.
[6]-Gingerols have been tested for their antitumor and
apoptotic potential in several in vitro cell lines, viz.
leukemia, gastric, prostate, breast, ovarian, cervical,
liver, lung, colon, endometrial, glioma, and pancreatic
cancer.
Indication of the product
Full spectrum ginger extract, 350 mg. This rhizome
extract is standardized to gingerols content (5% yielding,
12.5 mg gingerols). Ginger tablets are then suspended in
distilled water daily. This solution used at a dose of 75,
150 and 300 mg/kg body weight in a volume of 5 ml/kg
body weight was found to achieve clinically significant
results.
Dose of the product
Used for its:
• Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
• Neuroprotective effect
• Cardioprotective effect: [6]-gingerol ameliorates
myocardial fibrosis by reduction of oxidative stress
via decreased reactive oxygen species, compound was
also found to increase levels of antioxidant enzymes.
• Bone-protective effect: [6]-gingerol induced the
differentiation of osteoblast-like cells through
upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity.
• Reno-protective effect: [6]-Gingerol (25 mg/kg)
attenuated acute renal injury through decreased pro
inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.
• Intestinal protective effect.
• Antiviral activity.
• Protective effect on lung injury: a recent clinical
study on the therapeutic effects of the combination
therapy of the standard hydroxychloroquine with
ginger and echinacea on alleviation of symptoms in
COVID-19 patients has been reported.
• Antitumor activity: [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol are
involved in cell cycle regulation, including the
induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation
in cancer
Procedure of preparation
[6]-Gingerol (C17H26O4; MW of 294.39 g/mol) is the
most abundant phenolic compound among the major
eighteen phenolic acids found in ginger, such as [8]-
gingerol, [10]-gingerol, methyl-[6]-gingerol.
Microscopically, starch grains: spherical, ovoid, or pear-
shaped, with a characteristic beak. Sclerenchymatous
long fibers, thin-walled, nonlignified, with oblique pores,
cells containing yellowish oil, cork cells.
Macro & microscopical features
Photo of prepared Product
[yet to be added]
Constituent of the product
Adverse effects resulting from the intake of ginger root
observed in clinical studies occur with low frequency,
low intensity, and are mainly gastrointestinal. No severe
events have been reported.
Side effects of the products
Clinical studies as shown ginger to be generally safe,
however, ginger’s effect on platelet aggregation cannot
be confidently dismissed, therefore it has to be taken into
account for patients taking anti-platelet drugs or
scheduled for surgery.
Product precaution /contraindications
Fayoum University
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmacognosy department
Plant photo
Macroscopically, The root is 1-4 inches
long, knotty, obtusely and irregularly
branched or lobed, externally of a light
ash color, internally yellowish-white and
fleshy the powder is of a light yellowish-
brown color.