Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, is consumed as a spice and has a long history of medicinal uses. It contains compounds like gingerols and volatile oils that give it its distinctive flavor and odor. Ginger has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It can help treat conditions like nausea, abdominal pain, and arthritis. While generally safe, ginger can cause side effects like heartburn in large amounts and interacts with some medications.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
This presentation included the general intro of herb,
its collection and cultivation,
chemical constituents,
uses,
mechanism of action;
dosage form and doses;
side effects, toxicity;
precautions,
interaction with other drugs an herbs
Ginger: Zingiber officinale is quoted as "World's healthiest food". Native to South eastern Asia is used in dishes as delicacy, medicine / spice. It is consumed across the globe and has immense healing power for various disorders such as High BP, Osteoarthritis, Migraine, Gastrointestinal problems, etc.
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
This presentation included the general intro of herb,
its collection and cultivation,
chemical constituents,
uses,
mechanism of action;
dosage form and doses;
side effects, toxicity;
precautions,
interaction with other drugs an herbs
Ginger: Zingiber officinale is quoted as "World's healthiest food". Native to South eastern Asia is used in dishes as delicacy, medicine / spice. It is consumed across the globe and has immense healing power for various disorders such as High BP, Osteoarthritis, Migraine, Gastrointestinal problems, etc.
Describes in detail the complete biological source and synonyms of the plant Cinnamon. Gives important macroscopic characters and microscopic characters as seen in transverse and the lateral sections. Also gives important chemical constituents of the plant, its uses, difference between two species of Cinnamon: Cassia cinnamon and Ceylon cinnamon and some marketed pharmaceutical preparations of Ceylon cinnamon.
Safed musli is originally found in forest areas in natural form. Its botanical name is Chlorophytum tuberosum. This species is found in abundance in natural forest areas. The plant is distributed in the subtropical Himalayas from Kumaon eastwards, the Khasia hills, Bengal, Assam, Kokan, Kanara, West peninsula and Madras extending to Kanyakumari.
This is a portfolio on 5 different plants with pharmacological properties prepared by my colleague Svenia and Myself. It covers some important aspects such as background, uses and preparations etc. Hope it helps.
10 Incredible Health Benefits of GingerHealthyhubb
Ginger is an ancient spice used in multiple cultures for thousands of years, especially popularized for its medicinal benefits and improved health effects. It comes in its raw, fresh root form, dried, pickled, ground and juiced, all of which offer a strong and warm flavor suitable for just about any meal.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
3. Ginger or ginger root is the rhizome of the
plant Zingiber officinale consumed as a
delicacy, medicine, or spice.
It lends its name to its genus and family
(Zingiberaceae).
Ginger cultivation began in South Asia and has
since spread to East Africa and the Caribbean.
4. The active part of the plant is rhizome (root).
The useful components include Ascorbic acid,
beta-sitosterol, beta-carotene, caffeic acid,
lecithin, limonene, selenium and tryptophan.
Ginger acts as a useful food preservative.
6. The characteristic odor and flavor of ginger is
caused by a mixture of zingerone, and
gingerols, volatile oil that compose 1-3% of the
total weight of fresh ginger.
[6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-
5-hydroxy-3-decanone) is the major pungent
principle of ginger. The chemopreventive
potentials of [6]-gingerol present a promising
future alternative to expensive and toxic
chemotherapeutic agents
7. Ginger contains up to three percent of a
fragrant essential oil whose main constituents
are sesquiterpenoids, with (-)-zingiberene as the main
component. Smaller amounts of other sesquiterpenoids
(β-sesquiphellandrene, bisabolene and farnesene) and a
small monoterpenoid fraction (β-phelladrene, cineol,
andcitral) have also been identified.
The pungent taste of ginger is due to nonvolatile
phynylpropanoid-derived compounds, particularly
gingerols and shagols which form from gingerols when
ginger is dried or cooked.
9. Used for abdominal bloating cases.
Increase the motility of the gastrointestinal
tract.
Has analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, and
antibacterial properties.
Ginger oil has been shown to prevent skin
cancer in mice.
Ginger has a sialagogue action, stimulating the
production of saliva, which makes swallowing
easier.
10. Ginger juice is boiled to prevent flu and
common cold.
Ginger has also been historically used to
treat inflammation, studies have been showed
ginger to be better than ibuprofen for treatment
of osteoarthritis
In India, ginger is applied as a paste to the
temples to relieve headache.Ginger with lemon
and black salt is also used for nause.
12. If consumed in reasonable quantities, ginger
has few negative side effects, and is on
the FDA's generally recognized as safe list,
though it does interact with some medications,
including warfarin.
Ginger is contraindicated in people suffering
from gallstones, as it promotes the production
of bile.
13. Allergic reactions to ginger generally result in a rash,
and although generally recognized as safe, ginger can
cause heartburn, bloating, gas, belching and nausea,
particularly if taken in powdered form.
Unchewed fresh ginger may result in intestinal
blockage, and individuals who have had ulcers,
inflammatory bowel disease or blocked intestines may
react badly to large quantities of fresh ginger.
There are also suggestions that ginger may affect blood
pressure, clotting, and heart rhythms.
15. One gram of one of ginger’s principle constituent,
zingibain, can actually tenderize as much as twenty
pounds of meat. The obvious impact or effect is
improved digestion. This enzyme can enhance the
effectiveness of other antibacterial elements by as much
as 50%. The enzyme zingibain can aid immunity to the
effect of digesting parasites and their eggs, and is
associated with anti-inflammatory activity. This is due in
part to the fact that ginger acts as an antioxidant with
more than twelve constituents superior to vitamin
E.
This action empowers ginger to help neutralize free
radicals which are widely recognized as participation or
being responsible for the inflammation process.
17. Ginger oils from steam distillation and liquid carbon
dioxide extraction (600 - 700 psi) were fractionated into
hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons by silica
gel column chromatography. Volatile hydrocarbons
and oxygenated hydrocarbons were analyzed by
capillary GC and GC-MS. Monoterpenes,
sesquiterpenes, aliphatic aldehydes, 2-alkanones, citral,
monoterpene alcohols and sesquiterpene alcohols were
major categories of ginger components which were
affected or generated by thermal induced degradation
during steam distillation.