Garlic has a long history of medicinal and culinary use. It contains compounds like allicin that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The document discusses garlic's taxonomy, phytochemistry, health benefits for conditions like heart disease and cancer, and traditional uses. Garlic may lower cholesterol and blood pressure. It also shows antibacterial effects and has been used to treat infections. The document covers various garlic supplements and concludes that garlic is an important area for further research on its health applications.

1. THE WONDERS OF GARLIC
Presented By
Dr. Ramadevi Devarakonda
UGC-Post Doctoral Fellow
&
J.N.B.Indu Sekhar
B.Pharm

2. Garlic-Allium sativum

3. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION
• LIST OF ALLIUM SPECIES
• PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
• HEALTH BENEFITS OF GARLIC
• CONTRAINDICATIONS AND TOXICITY
• GARLIC SUPPLEMENTS
• HOME REMEDIES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

4. INTRODUCTION
• GARLIC,latin name, allium sativum(alliaceae).
• garlic has been used for both medicinal and
culinary purposes.
• Today garlic is a widely recognised health
enhancing supplement ,used for heart and
immune system , antioxidant property .since it is
reported that it has 100 biologically useful
secondary metabolites .
• The active component in garlic is sulfur
compound allicin.

5. Garlic: The Plant and History

6. Medicinal History of Garlic
• It is reported that in ancient Egypt , the workers who had to
build the great pyramids were fed their daily share of garlic as
a form of healthy prolongation
• In China, garlic tea has long been recommended for fever,
headache, and cholera
• In rural Japan, miso-soup containing garlic is used as remedy
for the common cold with headache, fever and sort throat
• Early 1853, the famous microbiologist, Louis Pasteur,
performed several original work showing that garlic could kill
bacteria

7. TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION
• KINGDOM – PLANTAE
• SUBKINGDOM - TRACHEBIONTA
• SUPER DIVISION – SPERMATOPHYTA
• CLASS - MONOCOTYLEDONS
• SUBCLASS - LILIIDAE
• ORDER - LILLALES
• FAMILY- ALLIACEAE
• GENUS - ALLIUM
• SPECIES - SATIVUM

8. LIST OF ALLIUM SPECIES IN INDIA
• ALLIUM ACUMINATUM ALLIUM RAMOSUS
• ALLUM AMPELOPRASUM ALLIUM SATIVUM
• ALLIUM ANCEPS ALLIUM SCHOENOPRASUM
• ALLIUM ANGULOSUM ALLIUM TUBEROSUM
• ALLIUM ASCALONICUM ALLIUM RUBELLUM
• ALLIUM CANADENSE ALLIUM WALLACHI
• ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM ALLIUM GERMPLASM
• ALLIUM CEPA ALLIUM NIGRUM
• ALLIUM CERNUUM ALLIUM VINEALE
• ALLIUM AURICULATUM
• ALLIUM CAROLINIANUM
• ALLIUM CHINENSIS

9. THE PROTECTIVE POWER OF GARLIC
Garlic as an antibiotic
• Garlic is effective against bacteria,even antibiotic-resistant strains, fungi and
viruses
• Allicin is responsible for this activity and age and cooking destroys this
property.
• Bacteria susceptible to garlic include species from staphylococcus,
Escherichia, proteus, Solmonella, Citrobacter, klebsiella, Aeromonas,
Vibrio and Bacillus genera.
• It is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori also.
• Fungi susceptible to garlic in lab tests include the genera-Microsporum,
Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Candida albicans.
• Garlic used to treat roudworm and hookworm infestations, leismaniasis and
amoebiasis.

10. VARITIES OF GARLIC
• HARD NECKED GARLICS
1.PURPLE STRIPE GARLICS
E.g. chesnok red ,pursian star
2.CREOLE GARLIC
E.g. creole red
3.PORCELAIN GARLIC
E.g. zemo,music,rumanian red
4.ROCAMBOLE GARLIC
E.g.german red
• SOFT NECKED GARLICS
1.Artichoke garlics
E.g.chinese purple
2.siverskin garlics
E.g.burgundy

11. Garlic Bulb
• The bulb of Allium sativum
is the only part of the plant
eaten.
• It is compound in nature,
consisting of numerous
bulbils, known technically
as cloves.
• The cloves are grouped
together between the
membranous scales and
enclosed within a whitish
skin, which holds them as
in a sac.

12. Common Uses and Benefits of
Garlic Consumption
• Common cold prevention
• Heart disease prevention
• Antiseptic
• Antimicrobial activities
• Insect repellent
• Anticancer effects
• Strengthen Immune System
• Vaginal Infections
• Antioxidant effects
• Anti coagulation effects
• High cholesterol
• Hypertension

13. Few Compounds Isolated From
Garlic Bulbs
• Ajoene
• Allicin
• Alliin
• Allyl disulfides
• Allyl sulfides
• Allyl trisulfides
• Cycloalliin
• Cysteine
• Cysteine sulfoxides
• Cystine
• Diallyl sulfides
• Dimethyl sulfides
• Disulfides
• Glutathione
• Methionine
• Methyl sulfides
• Pseudoscordinine
• Scordinine
• Sulfanes
• Tetrathiol
• Thiosulfinates
• Trisulfides

14. • When fresh garlic is chopped,
Allinase
Alliin(odorless) Allicin(garlic odor)
Allicin(unstable)
Ajoene+Dithiins DADS+DATS
(with edible oils) (on standing/heating
in water)

15. Three Dimensional Structure of
Aliinase

17. Antioxidative Property of Aged
Garlic

18. Mode of Action
AGE exerts antioxidant action by scavenging
reactive oxygen species (ROS).
It inhibits lipid peroxidation, reducing ischemic
damage and inhibiting oxidative modification of
LDL, thus protecting endothelial cells from the
injury by the oxidized molecules, which
contributes to atherosclerosis.
It protects DNA against free radical--mediated
damage and mutations.

19. Garlic and Cholesterol
• Overall a 12% reduction in
total cholesterol was shown
over a placebo after only 4
weeks treatment
• The largest study so far was
conducted in Germany where
261 patients were given either
garlic powder tablets or a
placebo. After 12 weeks,
mean serum cholesterol level
dropped by 12% and
triglycerides dropped by 17%
compared to the placebo
group.

20. Good for your Heart…
• Lowers total serum cholesterol.
• Lowers LDL or bad cholesterol.
• Lowers blood pressure.
• It is a blood thinner(anti coagulants)
reduces the risk of stroke and blood clots.
• It is a potent anti oxidants.
• Lowers levels of serum homocysteine,an
amino acids that can block arteries.

21. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARLIC
Garlic has been reported that it exhibits a broad
spectrum against gram+ and gram-
microorganism.
• Garlic is active even against organisms that
have become resistant to antibiotics.
• A galic oil preparations shows a good
antituberculosis in guinea pigs with a intra
peritoneal dose of 0.5mg/kg.
• Recent investigations says that garlic acts on
H.pylori,the minimum inhibitory concentration
found to be 40microgram/ml.

22. It acts as liver protectives and detoxification
• Aged garlic extract and the related compounds
potects from the toxicity of ccl4 and heavy
metal,by increasing glutathione and its related
enzymes,by detoxifying the body.
COLD,FLU,TOOTHACHE AND HAY FEVER
• It reduces cold due to the presence of allicin.
• Applying crushed garlic externally can reduce
short term relief of tooth ache.
• Since it is a good source of quercetin(anti-
histamine) it reduces hay fever.

23. GARLIC SUPPLEMENTS
• GARLIC OILS
• GARLIC CAPSULES
• GARLIC TABLETS
• AGED ODORLESS GARLIC EXTRACT
• ODORLESS GARLIC
• SUPER ODORLESS GARLIC

24. Garlic and Cancer
• Ancient Egyptians, Indians, and Greeks all
used garlic externally to treat tumors
• Studies in China and Switzerland link
regular garlic consumption with decreased
risk for stomach and colorectal cancers

25. Tumor Growth Inhibition
• Allicin shown to arrest leukemia cells at
G2-M phase boundary
– Similar arrest in colon cancer cells from DADS
• Garlic extract induces apoptosis in NSCLC
cells
– Modulation of apoptosis-associated proteins?
• Diallyl disulfide activates caspase-3
pathway in human breast cancer cells

26. CONTRAINDICATIONS
• GARLIC ALLERGY
• TOO MUCH EXPOSURE TO ALLICIN CAN
CAUSE REDDENING ,BLISTERING AND
IRRITATION
• BEST AVOID BEFORE SURGERY
• REDUCED THE EFFECT OF HIV DRUGS
EG :SAQUINAVIR
IN RARE CASES ACUTE INFLAMATION
,HYPOGLYCEMIA,DEHYDRATION.

27. Home remedies..
1.Take fresh garlic cloves and crush them, apply to warts
untill they disappear.
2.Melt some butter and minced garlic cloves spread on
toast and eat,clears sinuses.
3.raw garlic juice on rashes and bug bites, it stops the
itching immediately.
4.8-10 of garlic juice mixed with 2 tbls of honey 4 times a
day cures a persistance cough.
5.Wrap a piece of garlic in some tissue,insert in ear
removes infection and relieves pain.
6.10 drops of garlic juice with 2 teaspoon of honey cures
asthma.

28. CONCLUSION
BY THE FOOD INDUSTRY CONSTITUENTS THE LARGEST MARKET
FOR THE “STINKING ROSE”. THERE IS STILL A NEED FOR BETTER
ANALYTICAL METHODS TO ACCURATELY AND RAPIDLY MEASURE
THE AMOUNTS OF ALLICIN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN
FRESHLY CUT GARLIC. WE ALSO NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE VARIOUS SULFUR
COMPOUNDS FORMED AND THE EFFECT OF THESE ON HUMAN
HEALTH AND IN PREVENTION OF DISEASE. THERE IS CERTAINLY
SAMPLE ROOM FOR MUCH MORE EXPERIMENTATION INTO
GARLICS AND A FERTILE FIELD FOR RESEARCHERS TO TRY TO
OBTAINE GRANDS TO DO SOME OF THE VAST AMOUNT OF WORK
YET TO BE DONE. THE FUTURE OF GARLIC IN HEALTH CARE AND
IN PREVENTION PROGRAMS IS WIDE OPEN.
“GET A LIFE, EAT GARLIC”

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32. THANK YOU