senna plant pharmacognosy in b. Pharmacy

senna plant pharmacognosy in b. Pharmacy

• 1.
  K.B.H.S.S TRUST INSTITUTEOF PHARMACY • Presented by: Rahil Wahid Khan • Roll no: 52. • Class: Third year b. Pharm • Subject: pharmacognosy-ll • Guided by:prof. Deepak Somavanshi SENNA LEAFLET
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  SENNA LEAFLET ■ Synonyms:Alexandrian Senna, Tinnevelly Senna Senna leaf, Senna folium, Indian Senna, Sonamukhi Patti. ■ Biological Source: Senna leaf consists of the dried leaflets of Cassia acutifolia known as Alexandrian Senna and of C. Angustifolia which is commercially known as Tinnevelly Senna. ■ It belong family Leguminosae.
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  Geographical Source ■ AlexandrianSenna is indigenous to South Africa. Egypt and in the middle upper territories of Nile river ■ Indian or Tinnevelly Senna is indigenous to South Indian and cultivated largely in Tinnevelly and Ramnathpuram districts of Tamilnadu.
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  Morphology Senna Tinnevelly SennaAlexandrian Senna Colour Light green Light greyish green Odour Faint Faint Test Bitter mucilaginous Bitter mucilaginous Size 2.5-5.0 cm long & 7- 9 mm wide 2.4 cm long & 6-10 mm wide Shape Lanceolate Ovate Lanceolate Appearance Generally entire and less broken Broken and Brittle Apex Less acute with sharp spine Acute Margin Entire Entire, curled Base Less asymmetrical Conspicuously asymmetrical Surface Less Pubescent More Pubescent
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  Cultivation, collection andpreparation ■ CULTIVATION: ■ DONE BY SOWING THE SEEDS EITHER BY BROADCASTING OR DIBBLING METHOD. FOR QUICK GERMINATION, POUNDING OF THE SEEDS WITH COARSE SAND IN MORTAR IS DONE AS THE SEEDS ARE TOUGH COATED. THE CULTIVATION IS DONE TWICE IN A YEAR, I.E. IN MARCH/APRIL AND NOVEMBER/DECEMBER. ■ CONDITION UNDER WHICH SENNA GROWS PROPERLY ■ DRY CONDITION, RED SOIL OR BLACK SOIL, WELL DRAINED IRRIGATED LAND ■ THE HARVESTED LEAVES ARE SPREAD OF THE FLOOR UNDER SHADE WITHOUT OVERLAPPING ■ YELLOWISH GREEN LEAVES HAVE HIGH VALUE IN MARKET & YELLOW LEAVES ARE OF POOR QUALITY. THE LEAVES ARE PRESSED, PACKED IN BAGS AND EVAPORATED TO THE MARKETS
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  Chemical constituents ■ SennosidesA and B Aglycones sennidin A and B ■ Sennosides C and D Heterodianthrones of aloe- emodin and rhein ■ palmidin A. ■ Rhein anthrone and ■ Aloe-emodin glycosides. ■ Free chryso-phanol, emodin and their glycosides and free aloe- emodin, rhein, their monoanthrones, dianthrones and their glycosides. ■ Mucilage is present in the epidermis of the leaf.
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  Chemical test: Bontrager’s test ■Boil the powdered leaves with Dil.Sulphuric acid ■ Filter ■ Filtrate + double volume of water insoluble inorganic solvent like benzene, chloroform or carbon tetra chloride ■ Shake it well and separate organic layer ■ Organic layer + equal volume of dilute Ammonia ■ ■ Ammoniacal layer becomes Pink colour (due to the presence of Anthraquinone derivatives)
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  Uses ■ Senna leavesare used as laxative. ■ It causes irritation of large intestine and have some griping effect. Thus they are prescribed along with carminatives. ■ Senna is stimulant cathartic and exerts its action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscles in large intestine.
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  References 1. Gokhale S.B.,Sanghal D.B., kalaskar M.G. “ Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry”, first edition, Nirali prakashan, page no. 2.47- 2.48. 2. Shirsat Mrunal K, “Practical Handbook of Pharmacognosy: As per New Syllabus, Success publication, 1st edition, 2017 Page No. 10- 15 3. https://youtu.be/yc4L9dlwAOg?si=5M4QQPb1NpLLf6ZO