Turmeric is obtained from the dried rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa. It contains the yellow chemical curcumin, which makes up 50-60% of turmeric. Curcumin can be isolated from turmeric powder through extraction with alcohol or hexane followed by acetone. Curcumin is identified through chemical tests where it produces a crimson color with sulfuric acid or a reddish brown color with boric acid that turns greenish blue with alkali. Curcumin content can be analyzed using methods like HPLC, where it shows peaks at specific retention times when separated using a Nucleosil NH2 column with ethanol mobile phase and UV detection at 254nm.

2. OUTLINE
• Synonym
• Biological source
• Chemical constituents
• Isolation
• Identification
• Analysis
• Uses

3. SYNONYM: Indian Saffron,
Turmeric, Haldi, Haridra
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Turmeric
cosists of dried as well as fresh
“Rhizomes” Of the plant Curcuma
longa
FAMILY: Zingiberaceae
COLOUR:Orangeyellowtoyellow
ODOUR:Aromatic
TASTE:Warmlyaromatic&Bitter
ORGANOLEPTICCHARACTERS

4. PLANTHABITAT
• Turmericisaperennialherbaceousplant
• Theleavesarealternateandarrangedintworows
CHEMICALCONSTITUENTS
Majorconstituents:Curcumin 50-60%Essentialoil2-7%withhighcontentbisabolane
derivatives
ItalsocontainsDesmethoxycurcumin(DMC), Bisdesmethoxycurcumin(BDMC),
commonphytosterols,ar-tumerone,Zingiberenefattyacidsandpolysaccharides.

5. ISOLATION OF CURCUMIN
Curcumin can be obtained by different process
1. Turmeric powder is extracted with
alcohol in soxhlet extractor
The alcoholic extract is concentrated
under reduced pressure and dried

6. 2. In another procedure, turmeric powder is first extracted with
hexane followed by Acetone
The acetone extract is concentrated with hexane followed by
acetone
The acetone extract is concentrated & dried to yield
CURCUMIN

7. IDENTIFICATION TESTS
Chemical Test:
• Powered drug + sulphuric acid gives Crimson colour
• The aqueous solution of turmeric + boric acid gives
reddish brown colour which on addition of alkali changes
to greenish blue
TLC method
Sample preparation : Dissolve 1mg of curcumin in 1mL of methanol
Stationary phase : Silica gel G
Mobile phase : Chloroform:Ethanol:Glacial acetic acid (94:5:1)
Detecting Agent : Anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent
Rf valve : 0.79,0.60 and 0.43
Colour Spot : Bright yellow fluorescent

8. ANALYSIS OF CURCUMIN
METHODS :
• By spectrophotometeric Method
• Estimation by HPLC
• Estimation by Alkalimetric Method
ESTIMATION BY HPLC
Column : 5um Nucleosil NH2 (Chromapack)
Mobile Phase : Etahnol
Flow rate : 1.2mL/min
Detection : UV-254nm
Peak retention time: Bisdemethoxy curcumin 4.5-5 minutes
Demethoxy curcumin 6-7 minutes
Curcumin 11-12 minutes