Fuel cells convert the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water and produce electricity through this chemical reaction. They work by using hydrogen and oxygen as fuels that produce an electrical current between an anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte. This creates an electric current and provides energy, with the only byproduct being water. Fuel cells could significantly reduce pollution if used in automobiles, as the only waste produced is water that can help cool the engine.
Presentation on Metallic Bond and its nature, presented by Engineer S.M. Wahid Mahmud from Daffodil International University from the department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Faculty of Science & IT.
Presentation on Metallic Bond and its nature, presented by Engineer S.M. Wahid Mahmud from Daffodil International University from the department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Faculty of Science & IT.
Class XII Electrochemistry - Nernst equation.Arunesh Gupta
Introduction, application of electrochemistry, metallic conduction & electrolytic conduction, electrolytes, electrochemical cell & electrolytic cell, Galvanic cell (Daniell cell), Standard reduction & oxidation potential, SHE as reference electrode, Standard emf of a cell or standard cell potential, Electrochemical series & its application, Nernst equation, Relationship between (i) Standard cell potential & equilibrium constant (ii) standard cell potential & standard Gibbs energy, some numerical problems.
CONTENTS
Electrochemistry: definition & importance
Conductors: metallic & electrolytic conduction,
Electrolytes, Electrochemical cell & electrolytic cell
A simple electrochemical cell: Galvanic cell or (Daniell Cell)
Cell reaction, cell representation, Salt bridge & its use,
Electrode potential, standard electrode potential, SHE,
Standard cell potential or standard electromotive force of a cell
Electrochemical series (Standard reduction potential values)
Nernst Equation, Relationship with Standard cell potential with Gibbs energy & also equilibrium constant
Resistance (R) & conductance (G) of a solution of an electrolyte
Conductivity (k) of solution, Cell constant (G*) & their units,
Molar conductivity (Λm) & its variation with concentration & temperature,
Debye Huckel Onsager equation & Limiting molar conductivity,
Kohlrausch’s law & its application & numerical problems.
Electrolytic cells & electrolysis.
Some examples of electrolysis of electrolytes in molten / aq. state.
Faraday’s laws of electrolysis: First & second law- numerical problems. Corrosion, Electrochemical theory of rusting.
Prevention of rusting.
I Hope You all like it very much. I wish it is beneficial for all of you and you can get enough knowledge from it. Clear and appropriate objectives, in terms of what the audience ought to feel, think, and do as a result of seeing the presentation. Objectives are realistic – and may be intermediate parts of a wider plan.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. DefinitionDefinition
Electricity can be converted from the energy of aElectricity can be converted from the energy of a
chemical reaction. A fuel cell converts thechemical reaction. A fuel cell converts the
chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water,chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water,
while in the process producing electricity.while in the process producing electricity.
3. How do fuel cells work?How do fuel cells work?
The main purpose of a fuel cell is to produce anThe main purpose of a fuel cell is to produce an
electrical current that is then used as a source of energy.electrical current that is then used as a source of energy.
Hydrogen and oxygen are used as chemicals to produceHydrogen and oxygen are used as chemicals to produce
fuel cells. The fuel cell is based on the positive end of anfuel cells. The fuel cell is based on the positive end of an
electric circuit (anode) and negative end of the circuitelectric circuit (anode) and negative end of the circuit
(cathode). These ends are separated by an electrolyte,(cathode). These ends are separated by an electrolyte,
which is when one metal becomes the anode andwhich is when one metal becomes the anode and
corrodes, while the other acts as the cathode. Thecorrodes, while the other acts as the cathode. The
electric current is produced with the chemical reaction ofelectric current is produced with the chemical reaction of
the fuel and the oxidant. The fuel cells get the electronsthe fuel and the oxidant. The fuel cells get the electrons
from the hydrogen atoms. Then, the electrons movefrom the hydrogen atoms. Then, the electrons move
from the anode to the cathode. This is what creates thefrom the anode to the cathode. This is what creates the
electric current ends providing us with energy (power).electric current ends providing us with energy (power).
4. AdvantagesAdvantages
If fuel cells can beIf fuel cells can be
produced forproduced for
automobiles, pollutionautomobiles, pollution
rates can droprates can drop
significantly.significantly.
The only waste of thisThe only waste of this
hydrogen fuel cell wouldhydrogen fuel cell would
be the water that getsbe the water that gets
disposed, which can bedisposed, which can be
used to avoid theused to avoid the
overheating of the engineoverheating of the engine
that produces the cell.that produces the cell.