The document discusses the different types of bonds that can form between atoms in solids. It describes ionic bonds, which form between positive and negative ions through electrostatic attraction. Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Metallic bonds result from the delocalization of electrons among positively charged metal ions. The four main types of bonds covered are ionic, covalent, metallic, and Van der Waals bonds, with ionic and covalent classified as primary bonds and metallic and Van der Waals as secondary bonds. Examples are given of properties associated with each bond type.

1. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
MR. ASIF L. JAMADAR

2. BONDING IN SOLIDS
 Interatomic binding forces between atoms are called as chemical bonds.
 Process of holding the atoms, ions & molecules at different spacing levels are
called as bonding
 Primary bonds & secondary bonds
 Bondings are classified into four classes.
 Ionic Bonding
 Covalent Bonding
 Metallic or Unsaturated Covalent Bonding
 Van der Waals Bonding
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Primary Bonds
Secondary

3. IONIC BOND
 It is very simple type of primary bond
 Positive & negative ions have natural attraction
 For example: Ionic bond between Sodium (Na) & Chlorine (Cl)
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4. COVALENT BOND
 A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that
involves the sharing of electron pair between atoms. Positive & negative ions
have natural attraction
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 Produce the material with high strength and high
melting point
 Electrical Conductivity & Covalent Bond
 Covalent Bonds tend to be ceramic or polymer in
nature

5. METALLIC BOND
 A metallic bond is the sharing of many detached electrons between many
positive ions, where the electrons act as a "glue" giving the substance a
definite structure.
 Metals have low ionization energy. Therefore, the valence electrons can be
delocalized throughout the metals.
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 Loosely held small number of valence electrons
 High Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
 Deformed by atom movement mechanism &
produce deformed material as the original

6. THANK
YOU
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