Electrochemical cells 1
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This document discusses electrochemical cells, which can generate electrical energy from chemical reactions (voltaic cells) or use electrical energy to cause chemical reactions (electrolytic cells). Voltaic cells rely on spontaneous redox reactions to produce electricity, as in batteries. Electrolytic cells require an external electrical input to drive non-spontaneous redox reactions, such as in water electrolysis or electroplating. The document explains the basic concepts and applications of both voltaic and electrolytic cells.
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This document provides an introduction to electroanalytical chemistry. It discusses electrochemical cells and cell potential, as well as current in electrochemical cells. The main types of electroanalytical methods are potentiometry, coulometry, and voltammetry. Electroanalytical techniques measure electrical properties like current, resistance, and voltage in solutions containing analytes. They can produce low detection limits and provide information about reaction stoichiometry, rates, and equilibrium constants. Mass transport of species to electrode surfaces can occur through diffusion, migration, or convection. Different types of currents and polarization effects are also discussed.
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The document discusses various types of energy storage and conversion devices including lithium cobalt oxide batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and dye sensitized solar cells. It provides an introduction and overview of these topics, describing their basic components, mechanisms, and applications. Specifically, it outlines the syllabus for a course covering lithium cobalt oxide and metal air batteries, supercapacitors, and energy conversion devices like fuel cells and dye sensitized solar cells.
GALVANIC AND ELECTROLYTIC CELL
A Daniell cell is a galvanic cell that uses the spontaneous redox reaction between zinc and copper(II) ions to produce an electric current. It consists of an outer copper vessel containing a copper electrode in a copper(II) sulfate solution and an inner amalgamated zinc electrode in a zinc sulfate solution, separated by a salt bridge. Electrons flow from the zinc anode through the external circuit to the copper cathode. The cell reactions involve the oxidation of zinc to zinc ions at the anode and the reduction of copper ions to copper at the cathode.
Presentation on battery
1. The document presents information about lead acid batteries, including their construction, types of cells, and working.
2. A lead acid battery consists of lead plates immersed in sulfuric acid electrolyte within a sealed case. During discharge, the plates convert chemical energy to electrical energy through chemical reactions.
3. The battery works by reversing these chemical reactions during charging, restoring the plates and electrolyte to their original state to allow for further use.
Basic cells and batteries
The document discusses the basics of electrochemical cells and batteries. It covers topics like nominal voltage, operating voltage, capacity, self-discharge, depth of discharge, energy density, service life, and shelf life. It also discusses primary cells like Leclanché cells, alkaline cells, and lithium primary cells. Their chemistries and applications are explained. Secondary cells and batteries are defined. The differences between galvanic cells and electrolytic cells are highlighted.
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The science of electrochemistry is a discipline where electrical energy and chemical energy are intertwined
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This document provides information about EECE 251, a circuit analysis course. It includes details about the textbook, evaluation breakdown, and an overview of the course content which covers basic circuit concepts, electrical quantities and units, circuit elements, and basic circuit laws by reviewing chapters 1 and 2 of the textbook. It also contains sample problems and examples related to circuit analysis concepts.
Unit 5 elektrokimia
1. The document discusses electrolysis and differentiates between conductors, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes based on their ability to conduct electricity and undergo chemical changes.
2. It describes the components of an electrolytic cell including the electrodes (anode and cathode) and explains that electrolysis is the process of decomposing an electrolyte into its constituent elements using an electric current.
3. The summary explains that during electrolysis, electric energy is converted to chemical energy as ions in the electrolyte migrate to the electrodes. At the anode, anions are discharged and at the cathode, cations are discharged.
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Galvanic cell, Nernst equation, Calomel electrode, Quinhydrone electrode, Glass electrode, Dry cell, Lead Acid battery, Li ion cell, Methanol oxygen fuel cell
G5.pptxVGDFGSFGS\GDFDFDFGGEGSERGSGSERGSERGRSEG
Antibiotics are a class of medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. Antibiotics are crucial in modern medicine for treating a wide range of bacterial infections, from mild to severe.
There are different classes of antibiotics, each with its own mechanism of action and spectrum of activity. Some common types of antibiotics include:
Penicillins: This group includes antibiotics like amoxicillin and penicillin, and they interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Cephalosporins: Similar to penicillins, cephalosporins also disrupt bacterial cell wall formation. Examples include cephalexin and ceftriaxone.
Macrolides: Antibiotics such as azithromycin and erythromycin that interfere with bacterial protein synthesis.
Tetracyclines: This class includes antibiotics like doxycycline and tetracycline, which inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria.
Quinolones: These antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, interfere with bacterial DNA replication.
Sulfonamides: Antibiotics like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibit folic acid synthesis in bacteria, which is essential for their growth.
It's important to note that antibiotics are effective only against bacterial infections, not viral infections like the common cold or the flu. Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, where bacteria become less responsive to the drugs, making infections more challenging to treat.
Always take antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare professional, and complete the entire course even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. This helps prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. If you have concerns about antibiotics or their side effects, it's essential to discuss them with your healthcare provider.
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Electrochemical cells 1
- 1. Electrochemical Cells NIELBERT RANER & JUBY ANN BOCBOC
- 2. Objectives • To know and understand the concept of electrochemical cells. • To understand the basics of voltaic and electrolytic cells. • To connect voltage from voltaic cells to underlying REDOX chemistry. • To determine the purpose of electric current in electrolytic cells.
- 4. Electrochemical Cell is a device capable of either generating electrical energy from chemical reactions or using electrical energy to cause chemical reactions.
- 5. Voltaic(Galvanic) Cell • Uses the energy released during spontaneous redox reaction to generate electricity.
- 9. Application • Portable voltaic cells generate electricity to power devices for our convenience such as battery • All batteries are based on redox reactions
- 11. Electrolytic Cell • Is a device use to convert electrical energy into chemical potential energy. • Here, redox reaction is non- spontaneous. This means that the oxidation will not occur spontaneously or can't occur by itself, without any external driving force.
- 13. Electrolysis A process in which electricity is used to make a chemical change happen that wouldn’t happen otherwise.
- 14. Electrolysis of Water (H₂O) H₂O ------> 2H₂ + O₂
- 15. We need to use an electrical energy from a battery that can force this process to happen.
- 22. 2H₂O (l) -------> 2H₂ (g) + O₂ (g)
- 23. Application • Electroplating • Recharging Batteries • Separating pure metals from metallic compound. • Manufacturing Sodium
Editor's Notes
- Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance. The various chemicals that make up gasoline contain a large amount of chemical potential energy that is released when the gasoline is burned in a controlled way in the engine of the car. Non-spontaneous means- It can't happen unless we make it happen.