The document discusses four major immunologic methods: ELISA, immunofluorescence flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunoprecipitation. It also covers the structure of antibodies, the difference between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, antigen-antibody interactions, and techniques like ELISA, radioimmunoassay, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot.

1. Four Major
Immunologic Methods

2. • ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbant
Assay
• Immunofluorescence- Flow cytometry
(FACS) Lecture by Dr. Witte
• Western blot
• Immunoprecipitation

3. Structure of Antibody
Antigen binding site
Five classes of antibody:
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE and

4. Ag + Ab Ag-Ab
k
1
-1
k
Ka =
[AgAb]
[Ab] [Ag]
Association of antigen and antibody
• Ag-Ab reactions are reversible
• Affinity of Ab for Ag can be measured

5. EPITOPE =
ANTIGEN-BINDING
SITE
POLYCLONAL vs
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
• Protein Antigens have many epitopes
• B cells make Ab to a single epitope
• Different clones of B cells make Ab
to different epitopes

6. Polyclonal and Monoclonal
Antibodies

8. Antigen Excess Antibody Excess
Antigen-Antibody Interactions

9. Haemagglutination

10. ELISA- qualitative method
(a) Indirect ELIZA
Detection of Ab
Detection of Ag

11. Structure of Antibody

12. Competitive ELISA
(quantitative method)

13. Radioimmunoassay
(quantitative method)

14. Radioimmunoassay-
Standard curve

15. Immunoprecipitation - qualitative

16. Figure A-18 part 1 of 2
Immunoprecipitation of Cell Lysates

17. Figure A-18 part 2 of 2
Immunoprecipitation of Cell Lysates

18. Figure A-20
Western Blot
(qualitative and quantitative)

19. 1. Describe the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies
2. List 2 advantages of indirect reagents for antibody assays.
3. State the specificity of an indirect reagent.
4. Describe how to develop a "dip-stick" test for pregnancy using antibody to human
chorionic gonadotropin, a peptide hormone found in elevated levels in urine of
pregnant women.
55. Design an ELISA for detection of antibody to HIV.
66. Design an immunologic assay to quantitate levels of insulin in a patient’s blood.
Problems