SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Flame Tests
Aims
To identify metals by the colours they
produce in a Bunsen flame.
Results
Name of compound Flame colour
Sodium carbonate
Potassium carbonate
Lithium chloride
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Copper
What is Happening?
What is Happening?
Bunsen flame moves electrons to higher energy levels.
As the sample cools electrons fall back to the lower
energy levels, giving out characteristic colours.

More Related Content

What's hot

11 24 What Is Molar Mass
11 24 What Is Molar Mass11 24 What Is Molar Mass
11 24 What Is Molar Mass
mrheffner
 
Chemical Names and Formulas
Chemical Names and FormulasChemical Names and Formulas
Chemical Names and Formulas
Currituck County High School
 
5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions
5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions
5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions
Martin Brown
 
2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
Melinda MacDonald
 
Mole concept
Mole conceptMole concept
Mole concept
Damion Lawrence
 
Molecular Compounds
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Molecular Compounds
OhMiss
 
Laws of Chemical Combination + Stoichiometry
Laws of Chemical Combination + StoichiometryLaws of Chemical Combination + Stoichiometry
Laws of Chemical Combination + Stoichiometry
Kris Ann Ferrer
 
Electronegativity
ElectronegativityElectronegativity
Electronegativity
Karoline Uhlemann
 
Classifications of Matter
Classifications of MatterClassifications of Matter
Classifications of Matter
Simple ABbieC
 
writing chemical formulas
writing chemical formulaswriting chemical formulas
writing chemical formulas
vxiiayah
 
Chemical bonding
Chemical bondingChemical bonding
Chemical bonding
Gulfam Hussain
 
Chemical Formula
Chemical  FormulaChemical  Formula
Chemical Formula
sgilbertson
 
ISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.ppt
ISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.pptISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.ppt
ISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.ppt
Deighton Griffith Secondary School
 
Chemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPointChemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPoint
Mr. Walajtys
 
Ions cations and anions
Ions cations and anionsIons cations and anions
Ions cations and anions
asbrown
 
Electrolysis
ElectrolysisElectrolysis
Electrolysis
Kim B
 
Properties and Formation of Ionic Compounds Powerpoint
Properties and Formation of Ionic Compounds PowerpointProperties and Formation of Ionic Compounds Powerpoint
Properties and Formation of Ionic Compounds Powerpoint
NeQuelle DeFord
 
Valence Electrons
Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
Valence Electrons
TeacherAndrew
 
The Periodic Table
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
Currituck County High School
 
Measurements in chemistry
Measurements in chemistryMeasurements in chemistry
Measurements in chemistry
makaberokurota
 

What's hot (20)

11 24 What Is Molar Mass
11 24 What Is Molar Mass11 24 What Is Molar Mass
11 24 What Is Molar Mass
 
Chemical Names and Formulas
Chemical Names and FormulasChemical Names and Formulas
Chemical Names and Formulas
 
5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions
5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions
5.4 exothermic and endothermic reactions
 
2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
2.1 Chemical Formulas and Equations
 
Mole concept
Mole conceptMole concept
Mole concept
 
Molecular Compounds
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Molecular Compounds
 
Laws of Chemical Combination + Stoichiometry
Laws of Chemical Combination + StoichiometryLaws of Chemical Combination + Stoichiometry
Laws of Chemical Combination + Stoichiometry
 
Electronegativity
ElectronegativityElectronegativity
Electronegativity
 
Classifications of Matter
Classifications of MatterClassifications of Matter
Classifications of Matter
 
writing chemical formulas
writing chemical formulaswriting chemical formulas
writing chemical formulas
 
Chemical bonding
Chemical bondingChemical bonding
Chemical bonding
 
Chemical Formula
Chemical  FormulaChemical  Formula
Chemical Formula
 
ISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.ppt
ISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.pptISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.ppt
ISOTOPES_AND_ATOMIC_MASS.ppt
 
Chemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPointChemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 1 - Introduction To Chemistry - PowerPoint
 
Ions cations and anions
Ions cations and anionsIons cations and anions
Ions cations and anions
 
Electrolysis
ElectrolysisElectrolysis
Electrolysis
 
Properties and Formation of Ionic Compounds Powerpoint
Properties and Formation of Ionic Compounds PowerpointProperties and Formation of Ionic Compounds Powerpoint
Properties and Formation of Ionic Compounds Powerpoint
 
Valence Electrons
Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
Valence Electrons
 
The Periodic Table
The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table
The Periodic Table
 
Measurements in chemistry
Measurements in chemistryMeasurements in chemistry
Measurements in chemistry
 

Viewers also liked

Flame tests
Flame testsFlame tests
Flame tests
Esther Herrera
 
Flame test
Flame testFlame test
Flametest
FlametestFlametest
Flametest
kitcoffeen
 
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish Doshi
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish DoshiFlammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish Doshi
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish Doshi
Jinish Doshi
 
Ch3.12.atomic.structure
Ch3.12.atomic.structureCh3.12.atomic.structure
Ch3.12.atomic.structure
n_bean1973
 
Plastics testing standards
Plastics testing standardsPlastics testing standards
Plastics testing standards
jeff jose
 
Chemical Tests
Chemical TestsChemical Tests
Chemical Tests
beckydaw
 
Atomic Strucutre
Atomic StrucutreAtomic Strucutre
Atomic Strucutre
gbsliebs2002
 
Magma
MagmaMagma
Bunsen burner
Bunsen burnerBunsen burner
Bunsen burner
Haileybury
 
Heating with bunsen burner
Heating with bunsen burnerHeating with bunsen burner
Heating with bunsen burner
mbrucewilson
 
Special Topics: Journeying the Teaching Profession
Special Topics: Journeying the Teaching ProfessionSpecial Topics: Journeying the Teaching Profession
Special Topics: Journeying the Teaching Profession
Paul Juaton
 
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
ORAU
 
Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014
Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014
Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014
SATISH KUMAR
 
CHM260 - UV-VIS
CHM260 - UV-VISCHM260 - UV-VIS
CHM260 - UV-VIS
Alia Najiha
 
Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)
Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)
Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
 
Atomic spectroscopy
Atomic spectroscopyAtomic spectroscopy
Atomic spectroscopy
Jose Intano, Jr.
 
13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th
13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th
13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th
Nattawut Huayyai
 
Special topics syllabus presentation
Special topics syllabus presentationSpecial topics syllabus presentation
Special topics syllabus presentation
Lance Gerard G. Abalos LPT, MA
 
IB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting Pattern
IB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting PatternIB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting Pattern
IB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting Pattern
Lawrence kok
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Flame tests
Flame testsFlame tests
Flame tests
 
Flame test
Flame testFlame test
Flame test
 
Flametest
FlametestFlametest
Flametest
 
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish Doshi
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish DoshiFlammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish Doshi
Flammability Testing Of Plastics Jinish Doshi
 
Ch3.12.atomic.structure
Ch3.12.atomic.structureCh3.12.atomic.structure
Ch3.12.atomic.structure
 
Plastics testing standards
Plastics testing standardsPlastics testing standards
Plastics testing standards
 
Chemical Tests
Chemical TestsChemical Tests
Chemical Tests
 
Atomic Strucutre
Atomic StrucutreAtomic Strucutre
Atomic Strucutre
 
Magma
MagmaMagma
Magma
 
Bunsen burner
Bunsen burnerBunsen burner
Bunsen burner
 
Heating with bunsen burner
Heating with bunsen burnerHeating with bunsen burner
Heating with bunsen burner
 
Special Topics: Journeying the Teaching Profession
Special Topics: Journeying the Teaching ProfessionSpecial Topics: Journeying the Teaching Profession
Special Topics: Journeying the Teaching Profession
 
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
Lesson 4 Ionizing Radiation | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
 
Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014
Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014
Chemical Tests - PDW final 2.11.2014
 
CHM260 - UV-VIS
CHM260 - UV-VISCHM260 - UV-VIS
CHM260 - UV-VIS
 
Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)
Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)
Atomic Spectroscopy Basics (2012)
 
Atomic spectroscopy
Atomic spectroscopyAtomic spectroscopy
Atomic spectroscopy
 
13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th
13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th
13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Wade 7th
 
Special topics syllabus presentation
Special topics syllabus presentationSpecial topics syllabus presentation
Special topics syllabus presentation
 
IB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting Pattern
IB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting PatternIB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting Pattern
IB Chemistry on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Chemical Shift and Splitting Pattern
 

More from Laura Ortega

Introduction to electrolysis(older)
Introduction to electrolysis(older)Introduction to electrolysis(older)
Introduction to electrolysis(older)
Laura Ortega
 
Electrolysis of brine
Electrolysis of brineElectrolysis of brine
Electrolysis of brine
Laura Ortega
 
Contact Process
Contact ProcessContact Process
Contact Process
Laura Ortega
 
Blast furnace
Blast furnaceBlast furnace
Blast furnace
Laura Ortega
 
Escultura Española
Escultura EspañolaEscultura Española
Escultura Española
Laura Ortega
 
La contaminación de las aguas
La contaminación de las aguasLa contaminación de las aguas
La contaminación de las aguas
Laura Ortega
 
Female infertility
Female infertility Female infertility
Female infertility
Laura Ortega
 
Ebola
Ebola Ebola

More from Laura Ortega (8)

Introduction to electrolysis(older)
Introduction to electrolysis(older)Introduction to electrolysis(older)
Introduction to electrolysis(older)
 
Electrolysis of brine
Electrolysis of brineElectrolysis of brine
Electrolysis of brine
 
Contact Process
Contact ProcessContact Process
Contact Process
 
Blast furnace
Blast furnaceBlast furnace
Blast furnace
 
Escultura Española
Escultura EspañolaEscultura Española
Escultura Española
 
La contaminación de las aguas
La contaminación de las aguasLa contaminación de las aguas
La contaminación de las aguas
 
Female infertility
Female infertility Female infertility
Female infertility
 
Ebola
Ebola Ebola
Ebola
 

Recently uploaded

20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Sharon Liu
 
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptxCytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Hitesh Sikarwar
 
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterSharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
 
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Aditi Bajpai
 
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngThe debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Sérgio Sacani
 
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC  APPERCEPTION  TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...THEMATIC  APPERCEPTION  TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
 
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
by6843629
 
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdfApplied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
University of Hertfordshire
 
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardImmersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Leonel Morgado
 
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
University of Maribor
 
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementPhenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
IshaGoswami9
 
molar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptx
molar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptxmolar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptx
molar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptx
Anagha Prasad
 
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdfwaterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
LengamoLAppostilic
 
Topic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdf
Topic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdfTopic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdf
Topic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdf
TinyAnderson
 
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityDeep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
University of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
 
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Leonel Morgado
 
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsThe binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Sérgio Sacani
 
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobelaziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
İsa Badur
 
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
yqqaatn0
 
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
vluwdy49
 

Recently uploaded (20)

20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
 
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptxCytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
 
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterSharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
 
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
 
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngThe debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
 
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC  APPERCEPTION  TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...THEMATIC  APPERCEPTION  TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
 
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
 
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdfApplied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
 
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardImmersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
 
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
 
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementPhenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
 
molar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptx
molar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptxmolar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptx
molar-distalization in orthodontics-seminar.pptx
 
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdfwaterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
 
Topic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdf
Topic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdfTopic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdf
Topic: SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN CHILDREN-3.pdf
 
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityDeep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
 
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
 
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsThe binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
 
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobelaziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
 
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
 
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
 

Flame tests