Female infertility
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For my AS Biology Class. PPT on what is infertility, age, how do they know, factors, causes, treatment, IVF, link to video. (slide 12 is blank)
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Infertility
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It affects around 10-15% of couples. The main causes of infertility in females are ovulation disorders (40%) and fallopian tube damage (30-40%), while in males it is poor sperm quality (30-40%). Diagnostic tests include hormone levels, ultrasound, HSG and laparoscopy. Treatment depends on the cause but may include fertility drugs, IUI, IVF or surgery. IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab and then transferring the embryos into the uterus.
infertility
This document provides an overview of infertility, including its definition, classification, factors, investigations, and management. It defines infertility as one year of unprotected intercourse without conception (or six months for women over 35). The causes are classified as female factors (30%), male factors (30%), both (30%), or unknown (10%). Common female factors include problems with the cervix, uterus, tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum. Male factors can be pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular. Initial investigations include medical history, examination, and basic tests/hormone levels, with referral recommended for advanced testing or treatment. Lifestyle changes and counseling are the primary management approaches in primary care.
Investigations in gynaecology
This document provides an overview of common investigations in gynecology, including blood tests, urine analysis, cervical and vaginal discharge collection and examination, exfoliative cytology (Pap smear), colposcopy, culdocentesis, hormonal assays, and imaging techniques. The key points covered include how various samples are collected, what they are tested for, and what normal and abnormal results may indicate.
Congenital malformations of female genital tract ppt
1) Congenital anomalies of the female genital tract refer to any physical abnormalities present at birth. The causes are mostly unknown but may involve hormone deficiencies, excesses, genetic factors or exposure to harmful substances.
2) Some common external anomalies include perineal or vestibular anus, ectopic ureters, and hymen abnormalities like imperforate hymen. Internal anomalies affect the vagina, uterus and ovaries.
3) Uterine anomalies are classified by the American Fertility Society and include conditions like arcuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, septate uterus and DES-related abnormalities. Clinical features may include infertility, dyspareunia and menstrual or obstet
Female infertility
This document discusses female infertility, including its causes, risks, and treatment options. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. Common causes include physical obstructions in the reproductive system from conditions like endometriosis, hormonal imbalances, fertilization issues, and problems in early embryonic development. Lifestyle factors like age, stress, smoking, and weight can also impact fertility. Treatment may involve medication, surgery, artificial insemination, or assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. Adoption and counseling are recommended for coping with infertility.
Assisted reproductive techniques
This document discusses various assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT). It provides a brief history of ART and describes techniques like ovarian stimulation protocols, oocyte retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Potential indications for ART include tubal factor infertility, endometriosis, and male factor infertility. Success rates are influenced by factors like maternal age and ovarian reserve.
Female infertility
This document defines infertility as failure to conceive within one year of regular unprotected sex. It discusses primary and secondary infertility and natural conception rates. The causes of infertility are outlined for both female and male factors. Investigation methods are described including indirect tests like hormone levels and direct tests like laparoscopy. Management is discussed for primary care including lifestyle changes and preconception advice. Secondary care management depends on the etiology and may include medications, surgery, and assisted reproduction techniques.
Management-of-Postterm-Pregnancy
Management of postterm pregnancy involves balancing risks to the fetus and mother. Postterm is defined as past 42 weeks gestation. Accurately dating the pregnancy is important to avoid false diagnosis. Risks to the fetus include stillbirth, meconium aspiration, and macrosomia. Risks to the mother include dystocia and infection. Studies show inducing labor at 41 weeks reduces stillbirths without increasing C-sections. Methods of antenatal testing after 41 weeks are debated, though monitoring is recommended. While an unfavorable cervix was viewed as a risk factor for C-section, recent evidence suggests underlying issues may be more important. Further research is needed to determine the optimal time for induction to minimize risks
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Infertility
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It affects around 10-15% of couples. The main causes of infertility in females are ovulation disorders (40%) and fallopian tube damage (30-40%), while in males it is poor sperm quality (30-40%). Diagnostic tests include hormone levels, ultrasound, HSG and laparoscopy. Treatment depends on the cause but may include fertility drugs, IUI, IVF or surgery. IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab and then transferring the embryos into the uterus.
infertility
This document provides an overview of infertility, including its definition, classification, factors, investigations, and management. It defines infertility as one year of unprotected intercourse without conception (or six months for women over 35). The causes are classified as female factors (30%), male factors (30%), both (30%), or unknown (10%). Common female factors include problems with the cervix, uterus, tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum. Male factors can be pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular. Initial investigations include medical history, examination, and basic tests/hormone levels, with referral recommended for advanced testing or treatment. Lifestyle changes and counseling are the primary management approaches in primary care.
Investigations in gynaecology
This document provides an overview of common investigations in gynecology, including blood tests, urine analysis, cervical and vaginal discharge collection and examination, exfoliative cytology (Pap smear), colposcopy, culdocentesis, hormonal assays, and imaging techniques. The key points covered include how various samples are collected, what they are tested for, and what normal and abnormal results may indicate.
Congenital malformations of female genital tract ppt
1) Congenital anomalies of the female genital tract refer to any physical abnormalities present at birth. The causes are mostly unknown but may involve hormone deficiencies, excesses, genetic factors or exposure to harmful substances.
2) Some common external anomalies include perineal or vestibular anus, ectopic ureters, and hymen abnormalities like imperforate hymen. Internal anomalies affect the vagina, uterus and ovaries.
3) Uterine anomalies are classified by the American Fertility Society and include conditions like arcuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, septate uterus and DES-related abnormalities. Clinical features may include infertility, dyspareunia and menstrual or obstet
Female infertility
This document discusses female infertility, including its causes, risks, and treatment options. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. Common causes include physical obstructions in the reproductive system from conditions like endometriosis, hormonal imbalances, fertilization issues, and problems in early embryonic development. Lifestyle factors like age, stress, smoking, and weight can also impact fertility. Treatment may involve medication, surgery, artificial insemination, or assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. Adoption and counseling are recommended for coping with infertility.
Assisted reproductive techniques
This document discusses various assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT). It provides a brief history of ART and describes techniques like ovarian stimulation protocols, oocyte retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Potential indications for ART include tubal factor infertility, endometriosis, and male factor infertility. Success rates are influenced by factors like maternal age and ovarian reserve.
Female infertility
This document defines infertility as failure to conceive within one year of regular unprotected sex. It discusses primary and secondary infertility and natural conception rates. The causes of infertility are outlined for both female and male factors. Investigation methods are described including indirect tests like hormone levels and direct tests like laparoscopy. Management is discussed for primary care including lifestyle changes and preconception advice. Secondary care management depends on the etiology and may include medications, surgery, and assisted reproduction techniques.
Management-of-Postterm-Pregnancy
Management of postterm pregnancy involves balancing risks to the fetus and mother. Postterm is defined as past 42 weeks gestation. Accurately dating the pregnancy is important to avoid false diagnosis. Risks to the fetus include stillbirth, meconium aspiration, and macrosomia. Risks to the mother include dystocia and infection. Studies show inducing labor at 41 weeks reduces stillbirths without increasing C-sections. Methods of antenatal testing after 41 weeks are debated, though monitoring is recommended. While an unfavorable cervix was viewed as a risk factor for C-section, recent evidence suggests underlying issues may be more important. Further research is needed to determine the optimal time for induction to minimize risks
Female infertility (2)
This document discusses female infertility, including definitions of primary and secondary infertility, common causes, and initial investigations for infertile couples. It covers testing for ovulation and tubal patency, as well as the roles of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Tests of ovulation include LH kits, progesterone assays, basal body temperature tracking, examining cervical mucus, and transvaginal ultrasounds. Tests of tubal patency comprise hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy with dye tests, and sonohysterosalpingography.
Female infertility,Prof.Salah Roshdy
This document discusses female infertility. It defines primary and secondary infertility and outlines the typical initial investigations for an infertile couple, including investigating male factors, testing for ovulation, and testing tubal patency using procedures like laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Some of the key causes of female infertility discussed include ovulatory disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome, tubal damage, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility.
Female infertility and its management
The document discusses female infertility, including its definition, types, causes, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. It begins with an overview of the female reproductive system physiology and hormone regulation. It then covers the various potential causes of infertility, which are grouped into ovarian, tubal, uterine, cervical, and vaginal factors. Numerous diagnostic tests and evaluation methods are presented for each factor. Treatment approaches are outlined depending on the identified cause, including ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies, and lifestyle modifications.
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar Khan
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Puberty menorrhagia dr. kawita bapat
This document discusses abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) or menorrhagia in puberty. It lists various potential causes of AUB including anovulation, polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and bleeding disorders. Anovulation due to an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is the most common cause. The document provides guidelines on evaluating AUB, including taking a detailed history, physical exam, lab tests, and ultrasound. Differential diagnoses are discussed. Bleeding disorders are more commonly platelet dysfunction disorders in Southeast Asia, unlike the West where Von Willebrand disease is more common.
Genital Prolapse
This document discusses genital prolapse, defined as the protrusion of a pelvic organ beyond normal anatomical boundaries. It describes the three main types - uterine, vaginal, and vault prolapse. Risk factors include congenital weakness, childbirth injuries, and menopause. Symptoms include feeling of something coming down and bearing down. Examination is done with the patient in lateral or Sims position while bearing down or coughing. Treatment options discussed are pessary use and surgery. Pessaries can be used during pregnancy, as a test for surgery, or for symptomatic relief in unfit patients.
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no menstrual periods by age 16. Investigations into primary amenorrhea depend on whether secondary sex characteristics are present or absent. Causes can be physiological, pathological, anatomical, endocrinological, or chromosomal. Common causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chromosomal abnormalities like Turner's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or müllerian agenesis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy, vaginal dilation, vaginoplasty, or gonadectomy.
Genital tract fistula
This document discusses genitourinary fistulas, including their classification, causes, symptoms, investigations, management, and prevention. The main types of fistulas are vesicovaginal, urethrovaginal, and ureterovaginal. Obstetric causes like obstructed labor are common in developing countries, while surgical trauma is more common in developed countries. Symptoms include continuous urine leakage. Investigations include dye tests and imaging. Management depends on the fistula type and complexity, and may involve surgical repair techniques like saucerization. Prevention focuses on adequate obstetric and surgical care to avoid injury.
Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female
This document provides an overview of the diagnostic evaluation process for an infertile female. It discusses the typical causes of female infertility, including ovulatory disorders, endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, and tubal blockage. The evaluation involves assessing the reproductive axis through history, physical exam, tests of ovarian reserve, ovulation, tubal patency, and detection of uterine or peritoneal abnormalities. Common tests include hormonal assays, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, and semen analysis of the male partner. The goal is to identify any treatable causes of infertility and guide treatment decisions.
Infertility
This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, investigations, and treatments. It defines primary and secondary infertility and notes that most couples conceive within 1-2 years. Major causes of male infertility include varicocele, infections, genetic issues, and immunological factors. For females, common causes are ovulatory disorders, tubal damage from infections, uterine factors like fibroids, and endometriosis. Investigations involve medical histories, physical exams, and lab tests. Treatments include lifestyle changes, medications to induce ovulation, surgery to repair tubes or treat endometriosis, and assisted reproductive technologies like IVF for severe cases. The prognosis is that 30-40% of couples conceive within 2 years with treatments.
Cervical cerclage procedure
Cervical cerclage is a surgical procedure where stitches are placed around the cervix to help prevent preterm birth. There are different types of cerclage indicated for various high-risk situations like previous preterm births, cervical insufficiency, or short cervix found on ultrasound. Cerclage can be placed transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the situation. Risks include infection or early rupture of membranes, but cerclage has been shown to delay delivery by 5 weeks on average in rescue situations. The cerclage is usually removed between 36-37 weeks to allow for normal vaginal delivery. Cervical pessaries are a non-surgical alternative that can also help support the
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AMENORRHOEA BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This clinical document provides guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines the pathophysiology. The evaluation involves assessing the patient's history, physical exam, ultrasound and hormonal levels. Common causes include polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, hypothalamic issues, weight-related causes, and structural issues. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency.
Recurrent abortion ppt
Recurrent abortion is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions and can be primary or secondary. It has many potential etiologies including maternal disorders, hormonal imbalances, cervical incompetence, fetal chromosomal defects, immunological factors, infections, and idiopathic causes. Cervical incompetence specifically refers to painless cervical dilation in the second or third trimester leading to premature delivery, and it can be investigated through cervical exams, ultrasound, and cervicograms. Investigations for recurrent abortion include blood tests, imaging, and cervical cultures to identify potential causes, with management tailored to any underlying issues found.
Investigations for infertile couple
This document outlines the investigation process for an infertile couple. It details the steps taken to evaluate both female and male fertility, including collecting medical histories, performing physical exams, analyzing blood and hormonal levels, screening for infections, and conducting imaging and other diagnostic tests. Key tests and factors examined for females include cervical, uterine, tubal, ovarian and other issues, while for males areas like sexual function, medical history, genetic factors and semen analysis are evaluated. The goal is to identify any biological causes of infertility and determine appropriate treatment options.
PRECONCEPTION COUNSELING
Preconception counseling involves obtaining medical histories from both parents and performing physical exams on prospective mothers. This aims to minimize health risks for mothers and fetuses by identifying preexisting conditions and providing counseling. Counseling covers topics like folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects, maintaining control of chronic conditions like diabetes before pregnancy, vaccinations, genetic screening, lifestyle factors, and nutritional needs. The goal is to optimize women's health before conception and promote healthy pregnancies.
Menstrual irregularities
This document discusses various conditions related to menstruation and the female reproductive system. It provides information on normal menstrual cycles and what constitutes irregular or abnormal bleeding. It describes specific conditions such as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, premature ovarian failure, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. For each condition, it outlines common signs and symptoms women may experience.
Diagnosis and management of male infertility
This document provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of male infertility. It discusses evaluating the patient's history including reproductive, medical, surgical, medication/toxin exposure and family histories. Physical exam and lab tests including semen analysis and hormones are also important. Common causes of male infertility discussed include varicocele, cryptorchidism, infections, cancers, medications/toxins and genetic factors. Lifestyle factors that can impact fertility are also addressed.
Infertility power point
Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples in the United States who have been trying to conceive without success for at least 1 year. It can be caused by problems with the woman's eggs, fallopian tubes, or hormones, or by issues with the man's sperm production or quality. While infertility was once thought to only be a woman's issue, today it is known that male and female factors each account for about one-third of infertility cases, with the remaining cases due to problems with both partners or unexplained causes. Treatments may include hormone therapy, surgery, assisted reproduction techniques like IVF, or alternative options such as adoption.
Preterm labour
This document provides information on preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). It defines preterm labour as onset of labour before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors for preterm labour include infections, cervical weakness, smoking, and a history of prior preterm births. Diagnosis involves documenting uterine contractions and assessing cervical changes. Tocolytics can be used to delay labour up to 72 hours to allow for steroid administration. Management may include antibiotics, monitoring, and planning for neonatal intensive care. PPROM is defined as rupture of membranes before 37 weeks and contributes to one third of preterm births.
Investigation infertility
The document discusses diagnostic tests for infertility. It suggests that semen analysis, tests for ovulation like serum progesterone, and tests for tubal patency like hysterosalpingography are the basic essential tests. Other tests may have a role in some cases but are not routinely needed. Performing too many tests risks delaying treatment unnecessarily as fertility declines with age. Laparoscopy is best used for further diagnosis or combined with surgery.
Infertility; Causes and Management
This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and management. It notes that infertility affects approximately 1 in 7 couples in the UK. Evaluation involves assessing both partners for potential medical causes through history, examination, tests, and procedures. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes to surgery to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF, depending on the underlying cause. The majority of young couples without known issues will conceive naturally within 2 years.
Infertility
Infertility affects couples worldwide, with an average incidence of about 15%. Evaluation of both female and male partners is essential to determine the cause, which can be female factors, male factors, or a combination. Treatment options depend on the cause and range from ovulation-inducing drugs, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization.
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This document discusses female infertility, including definitions of primary and secondary infertility, common causes, and initial investigations for infertile couples. It covers testing for ovulation and tubal patency, as well as the roles of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Tests of ovulation include LH kits, progesterone assays, basal body temperature tracking, examining cervical mucus, and transvaginal ultrasounds. Tests of tubal patency comprise hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy with dye tests, and sonohysterosalpingography.
Female infertility,Prof.Salah Roshdy
This document discusses female infertility. It defines primary and secondary infertility and outlines the typical initial investigations for an infertile couple, including investigating male factors, testing for ovulation, and testing tubal patency using procedures like laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Some of the key causes of female infertility discussed include ovulatory disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome, tubal damage, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility.
Female infertility and its management
The document discusses female infertility, including its definition, types, causes, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. It begins with an overview of the female reproductive system physiology and hormone regulation. It then covers the various potential causes of infertility, which are grouped into ovarian, tubal, uterine, cervical, and vaginal factors. Numerous diagnostic tests and evaluation methods are presented for each factor. Treatment approaches are outlined depending on the identified cause, including ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies, and lifestyle modifications.
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In this Presentation we have included the male and female infertility their causes and Management. we hope that it will provide you some basic information regarding this issues.
Puberty menorrhagia dr. kawita bapat
This document discusses abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) or menorrhagia in puberty. It lists various potential causes of AUB including anovulation, polyps, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, and bleeding disorders. Anovulation due to an immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is the most common cause. The document provides guidelines on evaluating AUB, including taking a detailed history, physical exam, lab tests, and ultrasound. Differential diagnoses are discussed. Bleeding disorders are more commonly platelet dysfunction disorders in Southeast Asia, unlike the West where Von Willebrand disease is more common.
Genital Prolapse
This document discusses genital prolapse, defined as the protrusion of a pelvic organ beyond normal anatomical boundaries. It describes the three main types - uterine, vaginal, and vault prolapse. Risk factors include congenital weakness, childbirth injuries, and menopause. Symptoms include feeling of something coming down and bearing down. Examination is done with the patient in lateral or Sims position while bearing down or coughing. Treatment options discussed are pessary use and surgery. Pessaries can be used during pregnancy, as a test for surgery, or for symptomatic relief in unfit patients.
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no menstrual periods by age 16. Investigations into primary amenorrhea depend on whether secondary sex characteristics are present or absent. Causes can be physiological, pathological, anatomical, endocrinological, or chromosomal. Common causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chromosomal abnormalities like Turner's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or müllerian agenesis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy, vaginal dilation, vaginoplasty, or gonadectomy.
Genital tract fistula
This document discusses genitourinary fistulas, including their classification, causes, symptoms, investigations, management, and prevention. The main types of fistulas are vesicovaginal, urethrovaginal, and ureterovaginal. Obstetric causes like obstructed labor are common in developing countries, while surgical trauma is more common in developed countries. Symptoms include continuous urine leakage. Investigations include dye tests and imaging. Management depends on the fistula type and complexity, and may involve surgical repair techniques like saucerization. Prevention focuses on adequate obstetric and surgical care to avoid injury.
Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female
This document provides an overview of the diagnostic evaluation process for an infertile female. It discusses the typical causes of female infertility, including ovulatory disorders, endometriosis, pelvic adhesions, and tubal blockage. The evaluation involves assessing the reproductive axis through history, physical exam, tests of ovarian reserve, ovulation, tubal patency, and detection of uterine or peritoneal abnormalities. Common tests include hormonal assays, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy, and semen analysis of the male partner. The goal is to identify any treatable causes of infertility and guide treatment decisions.
Infertility
This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, investigations, and treatments. It defines primary and secondary infertility and notes that most couples conceive within 1-2 years. Major causes of male infertility include varicocele, infections, genetic issues, and immunological factors. For females, common causes are ovulatory disorders, tubal damage from infections, uterine factors like fibroids, and endometriosis. Investigations involve medical histories, physical exams, and lab tests. Treatments include lifestyle changes, medications to induce ovulation, surgery to repair tubes or treat endometriosis, and assisted reproductive technologies like IVF for severe cases. The prognosis is that 30-40% of couples conceive within 2 years with treatments.
Cervical cerclage procedure
Cervical cerclage is a surgical procedure where stitches are placed around the cervix to help prevent preterm birth. There are different types of cerclage indicated for various high-risk situations like previous preterm births, cervical insufficiency, or short cervix found on ultrasound. Cerclage can be placed transvaginally or transabdominally depending on the situation. Risks include infection or early rupture of membranes, but cerclage has been shown to delay delivery by 5 weeks on average in rescue situations. The cerclage is usually removed between 36-37 weeks to allow for normal vaginal delivery. Cervical pessaries are a non-surgical alternative that can also help support the
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AMENORRHOEA BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This clinical document provides guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines the pathophysiology. The evaluation involves assessing the patient's history, physical exam, ultrasound and hormonal levels. Common causes include polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, hypothalamic issues, weight-related causes, and structural issues. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency.
Recurrent abortion ppt
Recurrent abortion is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions and can be primary or secondary. It has many potential etiologies including maternal disorders, hormonal imbalances, cervical incompetence, fetal chromosomal defects, immunological factors, infections, and idiopathic causes. Cervical incompetence specifically refers to painless cervical dilation in the second or third trimester leading to premature delivery, and it can be investigated through cervical exams, ultrasound, and cervicograms. Investigations for recurrent abortion include blood tests, imaging, and cervical cultures to identify potential causes, with management tailored to any underlying issues found.
Investigations for infertile couple
This document outlines the investigation process for an infertile couple. It details the steps taken to evaluate both female and male fertility, including collecting medical histories, performing physical exams, analyzing blood and hormonal levels, screening for infections, and conducting imaging and other diagnostic tests. Key tests and factors examined for females include cervical, uterine, tubal, ovarian and other issues, while for males areas like sexual function, medical history, genetic factors and semen analysis are evaluated. The goal is to identify any biological causes of infertility and determine appropriate treatment options.
PRECONCEPTION COUNSELING
Preconception counseling involves obtaining medical histories from both parents and performing physical exams on prospective mothers. This aims to minimize health risks for mothers and fetuses by identifying preexisting conditions and providing counseling. Counseling covers topics like folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects, maintaining control of chronic conditions like diabetes before pregnancy, vaccinations, genetic screening, lifestyle factors, and nutritional needs. The goal is to optimize women's health before conception and promote healthy pregnancies.
Menstrual irregularities
This document discusses various conditions related to menstruation and the female reproductive system. It provides information on normal menstrual cycles and what constitutes irregular or abnormal bleeding. It describes specific conditions such as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, premature ovarian failure, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. For each condition, it outlines common signs and symptoms women may experience.
Diagnosis and management of male infertility
This document provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of male infertility. It discusses evaluating the patient's history including reproductive, medical, surgical, medication/toxin exposure and family histories. Physical exam and lab tests including semen analysis and hormones are also important. Common causes of male infertility discussed include varicocele, cryptorchidism, infections, cancers, medications/toxins and genetic factors. Lifestyle factors that can impact fertility are also addressed.
Infertility power point
Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples in the United States who have been trying to conceive without success for at least 1 year. It can be caused by problems with the woman's eggs, fallopian tubes, or hormones, or by issues with the man's sperm production or quality. While infertility was once thought to only be a woman's issue, today it is known that male and female factors each account for about one-third of infertility cases, with the remaining cases due to problems with both partners or unexplained causes. Treatments may include hormone therapy, surgery, assisted reproduction techniques like IVF, or alternative options such as adoption.
Preterm labour
This document provides information on preterm labour and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). It defines preterm labour as onset of labour before 37 weeks of gestation. Risk factors for preterm labour include infections, cervical weakness, smoking, and a history of prior preterm births. Diagnosis involves documenting uterine contractions and assessing cervical changes. Tocolytics can be used to delay labour up to 72 hours to allow for steroid administration. Management may include antibiotics, monitoring, and planning for neonatal intensive care. PPROM is defined as rupture of membranes before 37 weeks and contributes to one third of preterm births.
Investigation infertility
The document discusses diagnostic tests for infertility. It suggests that semen analysis, tests for ovulation like serum progesterone, and tests for tubal patency like hysterosalpingography are the basic essential tests. Other tests may have a role in some cases but are not routinely needed. Performing too many tests risks delaying treatment unnecessarily as fertility declines with age. Laparoscopy is best used for further diagnosis or combined with surgery.
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This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and management. It notes that infertility affects approximately 1 in 7 couples in the UK. Evaluation involves assessing both partners for potential medical causes through history, examination, tests, and procedures. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes to surgery to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF, depending on the underlying cause. The majority of young couples without known issues will conceive naturally within 2 years.
Infertility
Infertility affects couples worldwide, with an average incidence of about 15%. Evaluation of both female and male partners is essential to determine the cause, which can be female factors, male factors, or a combination. Treatment options depend on the cause and range from ovulation-inducing drugs, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization.
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This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, evaluation, and treatment options. It begins by defining primary and secondary infertility and outlining the requirements for conception. Common causes of infertility for both men and women are then described. The document provides details on evaluating infertility, including medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and procedures like semen analysis and hysterosalpingography. Treatment options are covered, such as ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies like IUI, IVF, and surrogacy. The emotional impact of infertility is also addressed.
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This document provides guidelines on the evaluation and treatment of infertility. It discusses causes of infertility such as ovulatory disorders, tubal factors, male factors, and unexplained infertility. For evaluation, it recommends assessments of ovulation and tubal patency through tests such as progesterone levels, ultrasound, hysterosalpingogram, and laparoscopy. It provides treatment guidelines for ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins, tubal surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies including IUI and IVF for male factor infertility. Lifestyle changes like weight loss and stopping smoking are also recommended.
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Here are the key points about hCG:
- hCG is a hormone produced in pregnancy that helps maintain the corpus luteum to support early pregnancy.
- It is used to induce ovulation by mimicking LH and causing follicles to rupture and release eggs, increasing chances of pregnancy.
- Indications for use include anovulation, PCOS, and irregular periods.
- It is administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injection in dosages of 5,000 to 10,000 IU when monitoring shows a mature follicle after ovulation induction treatment.
- By mimicking the LH surge, it helps the mature follicle release its egg, supporting the process of induced ovulation. Its role is to help
Understanding Infertility, Evaluations, and Treatment Options
Understanding Infertility, Evaluations, and Treatment OptionsFertility Specialists Medical Group (FSMG)
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A 33-year-old Omani woman presented with severe lower abdominal pain for 3 days after undergoing ICSI (intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection) treatment for primary infertility. She has a history of infertility for 6 years, including a failed IUI (intrauterine insemination) treatment 2 years ago. A physical exam and medical history were taken. The woman has been experiencing primary infertility for 6 years despite various fertility treatments.
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This document discusses infertility investigations and treatments. It recommends referring couples for investigations after 1 year of unprotected sex if the woman is under 36, or earlier if she is over 36 or there is a known cause of infertility. Common causes of infertility include male factors, female tubal issues, ovulatory disorders, and unexplained causes. Recommended initial investigations include a semen analysis, HSG, and progesterone test. Treatments discussed include IVF for moderate to severe tubal disease or other complicating factors, and laparoscopic surgery for mild tubal disease. The document provides guidance on investigating and treating various conditions that may cause infertility such as PCOS, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.
ppt on infertility by ROBEL
This document summarizes causes of infertility, including both female and male factors. It discusses various physical, hormonal, immunological, and developmental issues that can interfere with conception. Key female causes include endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovulation disorders, and early menopause. Male factors discussed include pretesticular issues like hypogonadism, testicular problems such as infection or trauma, and post-testicular obstruction or infection. A variety of genetic, lifestyle, and medical conditions can also impact fertility.
male and female infertility
INFERTILITY : Male and Female infertility, introduction, etiology, investigations, management.
references : sperofff endocrinology, novaks gynecology.
Female infertility sp
all the informations taken from Sperrof 8th edition
all the informations are upto date
especially designed for MD MS student in Obstetrics and gynaecology doing their Residency
INFERTILITY & IT'S MANAGEMENT
This topic concern with infertlity due to both female and male factor etiology and it's management including ART.
Ovarian Factor Infertility
This document discusses types of anovulation and treatments for infertility related to anovulation. It describes the main types of anovulation as hypogonadotropic hypoestrogenic, normogonadotrophic normoestrogenic (PCOS), and hypergonadotrophic hypoestrogenic. Investigations for determining the type include progesterone, FSH, LH, prolactin and thyroid tests. Treatments include lifestyle changes, oral contraceptives, metformin, gonadotropins, clomiphene citrate, and IVF depending on the type and severity of the case. The document also outlines types of ovarian stimulation and drugs commonly used for ovarian stimulation.
Male infertility
This document provides information about male infertility from the Department of Urology Education. It defines infertility as the inability to reproduce, distinguishing it from impotence. Approximately 10% of couples are affected by infertility, with 1/3 of cases attributable to male factors alone, such as abnormalities, disorders of sperm production, or ejaculatory issues. Risk factors for male infertility include infections, genetic conditions, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors like smoking, and anatomical abnormalities. Diagnosis involves medical history and seeing a specialist if a couple tries unsuccessfully to conceive for over a year through unprotected intercourse.
Male Infertility
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It affects approximately 15% of reproductive couples. Both male and female factors contribute to infertility, with abnormal spermatogenesis and anatomic defects being the most common causes in men and women, respectively. A thorough evaluation includes history, physical exam, semen analysis, ovulation testing, and imaging to determine the underlying cause so that appropriate treatment can be initiated. Unexplained infertility accounts for 10-20% of cases.
Cst test prep night 1
The document provides tips and information about the California Standards Tests (CST). It explains that the CST is intended to assess what students are expected to learn based on the California State Standards. It tests students in English, math, and other content areas from grades 2 to 11. The results are used to determine academic strengths and areas for improvement. The document provides various testing strategies and tips, such as not rushing, eliminating wrong answer choices, and maximizing performance through good health, sleep, and a positive mindset.
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
Statistics & infertility
The document discusses statistics related to infertility including prevalence rates, conception rates in the first year, success rates of fertility procedures like IUI, IVF, and ICSI which range from 10-50% depending on the procedure. It also mentions factors that can impact fertility treatment success like a woman's age, number of embryos transferred, and if it is a woman's first treatment or a subsequent one after a previous pregnancy.
treatment of female infertility..... by dr .radhakrishnan.....
This document discusses the management of female infertility, including ovulation disorders treated with ovulation-inducing drugs like clomiphene citrate, uterine and tubal abnormalities addressed through surgical procedures like laparoscopic tubal surgery, and cervical mucus problems sometimes treated with intrauterine insemination. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like in vitro fertilization are discussed as options when other treatments fail due to issues like blocked fallopian tubes or male factor infertility. Complications of some procedures are also mentioned.
Abortion and post abortion care
This document discusses abortion and post-abortion care. It defines abortion and classifies the different types. It also discusses the magnitude of abortion globally and in Africa and Ethiopia. It then covers spontaneous abortion, including risk factors and potential causes. It discusses the clinical features and diagnosis of abortion. It defines post-abortion care and its five key elements. It notes that unsafe abortion is a major cause of maternal mortality worldwide and in East Africa.
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Understanding Infertility, Evaluations, and Treatment Options
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treatment of female infertility..... by dr .radhakrishnan.....
treatment of female infertility..... by dr .radhakrishnan.....
Similar to Female infertility
Female infertility
The document discusses the causes and treatment of female infertility. It outlines various causative factors including problems with the fallopian tubes, ovulation, endometriosis, cervical or uterine issues, and other behavioral and environmental factors. Diagnostic tests like hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are used to identify issues. Treatments include fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation, surgery to repair damaged tubes, and IVF which involves retrieving eggs, fertilizing them with sperm in vitro, and transferring embryos into the uterus. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, treating existing diseases, and not delaying parenthood can help prevent some cases of infertility.
Infertility
This document provides an overview of infertility, including its definition, types, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and the role of midwives. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sex. Various female and male factors that can cause infertility are described. Diagnostic tests for both men and women are outlined. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, fertility drugs, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies like IUI, IVF, and ICSI. The importance of infertility counseling to help couples cope with emotional aspects is also discussed.
infertility.pptx
The document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, management, and prevention. Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It can be caused by issues with ovulation, fallopian tubes, or the uterus. Diagnostic evaluations include medical history, exams, and tests of hormones and reproductive organs. Treatments include fertility drugs, surgery, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy lifestyle and treating existing diseases early.
Dr. indranil saha
IVF involves stimulating a woman's ovaries to develop multiple eggs, retrieving the eggs and fertilizing them with sperm in a lab, then transferring the resulting embryos into the woman's uterus. It is the most common form of assisted reproductive technology. The IVF process typically takes 4-6 weeks and involves taking fertility drugs over 8-14 days to develop eggs, ultrasounds to monitor follicle growth, a trigger shot to mature the eggs, retrieving 8-15 eggs from the ovaries, fertilizing the eggs in a lab, selecting the best embryos to transfer 3-5 days later, and transferring 1-5 embryos into the uterus. Success rates vary depending on age but are around 40% for women under 35.
Dr. indranil saha
IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab and then transferring the embryos into the uterus. It is the most common form of assisted reproductive technology. The IVF process typically involves ovarian stimulation with fertility drugs, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and embryo transfer. Success rates vary depending on factors like the age of the woman but on average are around 40% for women under 35. IVF can enable pregnancy for issues like blocked tubes, low egg quality, or male factor infertility but it is a costly and time-intensive process.
Dr. indranil saha
IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab and then transferring the embryos into the uterus. It is the most common form of assisted reproductive technology. The IVF process typically involves ovarian stimulation with fertility drugs, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and embryo transfer. Success rates vary depending on factors like the woman's age but are around 40% for women aged 34 and under. IVF can cost $12,400 on average per cycle in the US.
INFERTILITY.pptx
This document discusses infertility in both males and females. It defines primary and secondary infertility and lists various factors that can cause infertility in males and females. For males, it discusses abnormalities of sperm, erection, ejaculation and seminal fluid. For females, it discusses disorders of ovulation, fallopian tubes, cervix and recurrent pregnancy loss. It also discusses diagnostic tests and treatments for infertility including fertility drugs, assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, and surrogacy.
INFERTILITY.pptx
This document discusses various factors that can cause infertility in males and females. It describes abnormalities that can impair sperm production or function in males such as low sperm count, abnormal sperm morphology or motility. It also discusses erection or ejaculation issues. In females, it mentions disorders of ovulation, fallopian tube abnormalities, cervical issues, or recurrent pregnancy loss as factors. Some diagnostic tests and treatments for infertility are also outlined such as semen analysis, ovulation predictor kits, fertility drugs, artificial insemination, IVF etc.
INFERTILITY IN FEMALE,Educational Platform.pptx
The document discusses infertility in females. It begins with objectives of the lecture which are to introduce infertility, discuss female anatomy, pathophysiology, risk factors, causes, signs and symptoms. It then defines infertility, describes types, and reviews anatomy. Pathophysiology includes issues like anovulation, endometriosis, abnormalities, and hormonal problems. Risk factors include age, smoking, weight, STDs and alcohol use. Causes may be damage to fallopian tubes, infections, hormonal issues, or cervical problems. Diagnosis involves tests like exams, blood tests, ultrasounds and laparoscopy. Treatment includes fertility drugs to regulate ovulation, metformin, gonadotropins, IUI, IVF
Infertility Tips
Dr. Shilpa Bhandari is a highly experienced IVF specialist in Indore Madhya Pradesh and provides affordable ivf cost in Indore at Mohak infertility center. Book an appointment today Call now us 78980-47572 / 80852-77666 and online visit - https://mohakivf.com/
Infertility in male and female.pptx for Nursing students
Infertility is a condition referred to unavailability to conceive after continue one year of regular coitus without using any kind of contraceptive and family planning methodology.
Infertility
Infertility can be caused by female or male factors and is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sex. Common causes include problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, sperm quality, or other issues. Treatment may include fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation, surgery to repair damaged reproductive organs, artificial insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like GIFT or ZIFT. The goal of treatment is to address the underlying cause of infertility and increase the chances of conception and pregnancy.
Infertility slideshare
This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, diagnostic evaluation, and management. It notes that infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. The causes of infertility can be male factors related to sperm production or transport, female factors related to ovulation or egg/hormone problems, or combined factors in both partners. Diagnostic evaluation involves medical histories, physical exams, sperm analysis, hormone testing, imaging of reproductive organs, and other tests to identify treatable causes. Management depends on the underlying causes and may include lifestyle changes, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, or alternatives to childbirth like adoption.
Femaleinfertility 130404172604-phpapp01-converted
Female Infertility can be caused by physical obstructions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease blocking the fallopian tubes, hormonal issues interfering with ovulation, or problems with fertilization or early development. Around 12% of women experience infertility, which is generally treated through fertility drugs, surgery, artificial insemination or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. Coping strategies include considering other family planning options, seeking counseling or support groups, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to potentially overcome infertility issues.
The Assisted Reproductive Techniques - ART (IVF, IUI, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI etc.)
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat infertility. It includes fertility treatments that handle both a woman's egg and a man's sperm. It works by removing eggs from a woman's body. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.
FEMALE INFERTILITY
discussion of the condition leading into a possible female infertility, how to avoid such conditions, how to treat and address them, and raise awareness for both doctors and patients.
In Vitro Fertilization & Family Planning Method
This document discusses infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It begins by explaining that infertility affects approximately 6 million individuals each year who have difficulty conceiving despite trying for months or years. Due to medical advances, IVF and other assisted reproduction methods now allow many couples to have children. IVF involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a lab dish and then transferring the embryos into the woman's uterus. The success rates of IVF are approximately 37% for women under 35 and 28% for women over 35. Nurses play an important role in supporting patients throughout the IVF process.
ectopic pregnancy
The document discusses normal pregnancy implantation and ectopic pregnancy, including their definitions, sites of occurrence, symptoms, signs, risk factors, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis. An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include pelvic inflammatory disease, prior ectopic pregnancy, smoking, assisted reproduction techniques, and IUCD use.
Notes on ART.pdf
Assisted reproductive technology treats infertility and the treatment involves both a man's sperm and a woman's egg. The procedure begins by extracting eggs from a woman's body and then fusing it with the sperm to generate embryos. This embryo is then transferred back into the woman's body.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
ART refers to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means.
• INCLUDES- artificial insemination, In vitro fertilization (IVF) , Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or Tubal Embryo Transfer, Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) , Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
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Infertility in male and female.pptx for Nursing students
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The Assisted Reproductive Techniques - ART (IVF, IUI, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI etc.)
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2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
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2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
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Female infertility
- 2. • Infertility is the inability to get pregnant after a year of unprotected intercourse. • Both men and women can be infertile.
- 3. • Women are born with a finite number of eggs. • The number and quality of the eggs diminish with age. • chances of having a baby decrease by 3% to 5% per year after the age of 30. When the eggs are declining in number, women may begin having signs of menopause, or declining ovarian reserve (irregular cycles, hot flashes, insomnia).
- 5. • A blood test to check hormone levels • An endometrial biopsy to check the lining of the uterus • Hysterosalpingography (HSG). ( X-rays of fallopian tubes to see if they are blocked) • Laparoscopy. (enables the doctor to view the outside of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes to detect abnormal growth)
- 7. • WEIGHT -Overweight : Fertility medications may not work Anorexia, bulimia or restrictive diets -Excessive exercise-suppression of ovulation by elevated endorphin levels along with reduced body fat. -Insulin resistance -Difficulty when diabetes, hypertension and preeclampsia. Estrogen is stored in fat cells and can suppress ovulatory function.
- 8. SMOKING Women who smoke one to two packs of cigarettes per day who started before the age of eighteen are at a greater risk for infertility (decreased ovarian reserve and have a lessened response to ovulation induction medications. ) SMOKING CAFFEINE ALCOHOL exposure chemotherapeutic exposure to pesticides Dentists/Dental Assistants Anesthetists Occupational and Environmental Risks
- 9. Damage to fallopian tubes carry the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus WHY : inability of contact between sperm and ovum Hormonal causes problems with ovulation. WHY: the release of an egg from the ovary and lining of the uterus in preparation for the fertilized egg do not occur. Cervical causes. the sperm cannot pass through the cervical canal. WHY: abnormal mucus production or a prior cervical surgical procedure SOLUTION : may be treated with intrauterine inseminations.
- 10. Ovarian Failure Premature Menopause Ovariectomy Congenital Absence of Ovaries Uterine Abnormalities Uterine Fibroids (liemyomas) DES exposure Septate Uterus/Bicornuate Uterus/Unicornuate Uterus
- 11. Hysteroscopy remove tumours Medical therapy with drugs -lead to ovulation, multiple egg ovulation Intrauterine insemination- selected sperm deposited in uterus at ovulation Egg donation And others…. IVF *
- 12. • is the process of fertilization by manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish, and then transferring the embryo to the uterus.
- 13. • eggs are fertilized in a culture dish and placed into the uterus. The woman takes drugs to stimulate multiple egg development. When monitoring indicates that the eggs are mature, they are collected using a vaginal ultrasound probe with a needle guide. The sperm are collected, washed, and added to the eggs in a culture dish. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- are returned to the uterus using an intrauterine insemination catheter.
- 15. Studies suggest that number of multiple births have increased in numbers over the past several years. Though birth of twins and triplets are common, cases of quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplets are rare. The world's first surviving septuplets were born in 1997
- 16. THIS IS WHY High order multiples - more than three babies in the same womb - are exceptionally rare and occur almost exclusively while the woman is undergoing fertility treatment. This is because several embryos are often implanted into her womb to increase the chances of conception, and the fact that high hormone levels, used in most fertility treatments, also increase the risk While the rise in fertility treatment has lead to a roughly 75 per cent rise in high order pregnancies, less than 1 per cent of women are affected and cases of ten or more children are extremely uncommon. If untreated, these cases almost always result in infant death as they lead to premature birth, with the children unable to survive because their organs have not yet developed properly.
- 17. • Modern Methods of Fertilisation • https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=gR_2b5b0h1E
- 18. Sources • http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/female- infertility • http://rba-online.com/ivf/index.php?Female-Infertility-31 • http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2524690/Woman-gives-birth- TEN-babies-time-India-just-12-weeks-pregnancy-tragically-survive.html