DETECTORS Thermal detectors thermal detectors are temperature-activated sensors to initiate an alarm. Fixed-temperature type Rate-of-rise (ror) type Combination type Smoke detector it is a device that senses smoke. They are quicker to respond than thermal detectors. Photoelectric type Ionization type Flame detector It is used to detect the direct radiation of a flame in the visible,infrared, and ultraviolet ranges of the spectrum. Infrared detector Ultraviolet detector Photoelectric detector Flame flicker detector

1. Fire Protection
Contemporary Tech.
Abdur Rasheed
Abu Huraira
Mehdi Amini
M.Arch – 1st Sem
Building Services

2. DETECTORS
Thermal detectors
thermal detectors are temperature-activated
sensors to initiate an alarm.
 Fixed-temperature type
 Rate-of-rise (ror) type
 Combination type
Smoke detector
it is a device that senses smoke.
They are quicker to respond than
thermal detectors.
 Photoelectric type
 Ionization type
Flame detector
It is used to detect the direct radiation
of a flame in the visible,infrared, and
ultraviolet ranges of the spectrum.
 Infrared detector
 Ultraviolet detector
 Photoelectric detector
 Flame flicker detector
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini1 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

3. VIDEO IMAGE DETECTION SYSTEM
Video image detection (VID) can quickly detect a fire by recognizing either
smoke or flame anywhere within the field of view of the camera at a great
distance. They can provide live video immediately available upon detecting a pre-
alarm or an alarm condition.
COMPONENTS
Each detector consists of one color camera, one IR camera,
one IR light source, image capture and preprocessing, and
digital signal processor (DSP). The optical flame sensor, as
an additional detection option, can be combined with the
detector.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini2 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

4. WORKING
• The video image from an analog or
digital camera is processed by
proprietary software to determine if
smoke or flame from a fire is identified
in the video.
• The detection algorithms use different
techniques to identify the flame and
smoke characteristics and can be
based on spectral, spatial or temporal
properties; these include assessing
changes in brightness, contrast, edge
content, motion, dynamic frequencies,
and pattern and color matching and
the changes in areas of video images
over time so as to determine if a flame
signal is real or not.
The system can operate under all
weather and light environments,
and also in dark by using its IR
light source.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini3 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

5. Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini4 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

6. Emergency voice/alarm communications systems are used in
applications where it is necessary to communicate more detailed
information to occupants of a building than the simple evacuation
signal provided by horns or bells.
INTEGRATED VOICE EVACUATION SYSTEM
Fire Alarm and Voice Alarm
Example of a Phased
Evacuation Plan
Phased Evacuation
1 = evacuation
2 = warning
3 = attention
Thereby enabling those
in the greatest danger
to escape first.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini5 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

7. COMPONENTS:
• Voice alarm loudspeakers as components of a voice
alarm system provide intelligible warning to people
within, or in the vicinity of, a building in which a fire
emergency has occurred and enable such people to
take appropriate measures against a pre- determined
evacuation plan.
• The primary reason for using a voice alarm system is
to reduce the time taken for those at risk to recognise
that an emergency exists. This means that voice
alarm loudspeakers need to achieve a minimum
acoustical performance, to be suitable for use in fire
alarm systems.
• The standard gives common requirements for the
construction and robustness of voice alarm
loudspeakers as well as their performance under
climatic and mechanical conditions.
• The loudspeakers have been classified in either an
indoor or an outdoor application environment
category.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini6 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

8. Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini7 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

9. ADVANTAGE:
Here are the benefits of integrated voice evacuation systems:
•It is an effective, fast, safe evacuation guide for emergencies.
•All instructions are verbally clear and concise for occupants when it
comes to location/ proximity to fire emergency.
•The voice evacuation systems come with a back-up voice evacuation
amplifier to increase survivability and reduce other emergency risks
that could prevent safe evacuations.
•Voice evacuation messages are highly customizable to provide the best
life safety and fire emergency alerts.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini8 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

10. SPRINKLER SYSTEM
 The most effective way to control a
fire is through a fully automated
sprinkler system.
 Sprinkler systems can extinguish the
blaze quickly, or prevent it from
spreading until the fire department
arrives.
 They automatically transmit an
alarm and extinguish the fire.
Sprinkler systems work only as and
where needed.
 A sprinkler system can be the
difference between a minor
interruption and a major
catastrophe.
Components of the system:
 Fire fighting pumps & accessories
 Piping
 Panels
 Sprinklers
 sprinkler alarm valve
 wiring & instrumentations
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini9 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

11. TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
1. Wet sprinkler
system
 constantly have
water
 This allows for a
quick reaction
 most common type
 cost efficient and
low maintenance.
2. Dry sprinkler
system
 perfect for areas
where water
might freeze
 uses pressurized
air and water
 few minutes delay
in suppression.
3. Pre-action
systems
 filled with air and
 prevent water from
spouting in case of a
false alarm or a
mechanical failure.
 This system is ideal
for buildings
include libraries
and data centers.
4. Deluge systems
work quickly to flood an
area with water.
These are used in areas
where flammable liquids
are stored, aircraft
hangars, and hazardous
areas
In this system all
sprinkler heads are
open.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini10 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

12. Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini11 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

13. Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini12 Fire Protection – Contemp Tech
WATER MIST SYSTEM
control, suppress or extinguish by:
• cooling both the flame and
surrounding gases by evaporation
• displacing oxygen by evaporation
• attenuating radiant heat by the
small droplets themselves

14.  discharge less water
 clean up and damage to property is less
 total surface area at least 100 times
 small standalone tanks can be used for WMS
 enables ‘smoke washing’, whereby the smoke
particles attach to the droplets and fall to the
floor, eliminating the spread of smoke.
 more effective in compartmentalised situations
 droplets can be blown away under certain
conditions such as air conditioning & open doors
 sprinkler systems have standards and approvals
for both the components of the system and the
design and installation.
WATER MIST SYSTEMS VS SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini13 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

15. • The system operates at working pressures
of 70 to 200 bar to produce droplets of
small diameters at high speed. For each
different protected hazard, optimized
nozzles have been developed and tested.
• FOG is based on principles of well
established hydraulic technology. Spray
heads are designed to discharge water in
the form of water mist, with tiny drops
creating a large effective cooling surface
area of the fire and surrounding volume.
• The high speed of the droplets means that
the mist can penetrate the hot fumes and
reach the combustion area quickly.
• FOG systems can be supplied with a stand-
alone bank of cylinders, electric pumps and
diesel pumps depending on the fire hazard
and installation needs.
FOG SYSTEM
FOG Open Nozzle
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini14 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

16. Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini15 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

17. • ESFR systems are quick responding, high
volume sprinkler systems that provide
exception protection for high piled storage
occupancies.
• Instead of merely controlling a fire until the
original fuel source is depleted, ESFR
systems are designed to suppress the fire by
discharging a large volume of water directly
to the fire to reduce the heat release rate.
Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR)
• can be used in warehouses with ceilings as high
as 45 feet and storage heights of 40 feet.
• The installation and material costs of these
systems are more economical than the costs of
creating and installing an in-rack fire suppression
system, often 30% to 50% less.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini16 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

18. MANUAL FIRE SUPRESSION
Portable fire
extinguisher
A fire extinguisher,
or extinguisher, is
an active fire
protection device
used to extinguish or
control small fires.
It is not intended for
use on an out-of-
control fire, such as
one which has
reached the ceiling.
Fire extinguishers
are divided into
handheld and cart-
mounted (also called
wheeled
extinguishers)
Stand pipe
systems
Stand pipe systems
consist of piping,
valves, hose
connecting and
nozzles to provide
stream of water for
fire suppression.
 Wet systems
 Dry systems
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini17 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech

19. Both chemical- and water-free, the invention offers a relatively non-destructive
method of fire control
The principle behind the extinguisher is :
as they are mechanical pressure waves that
cause vibrations in the medium in which
they travel, sound waves have the potential
to manipulate both burning material and
the oxygen that surrounds it.
If the sound could be used to separate the
two, the fire would be starved of oxygen
and, accordingly, would be snuffed out.
Abdur Rasheed , Abu Huraira , Mehdi Amini18 Fire Protection – Contemporary Tech
SOUND WAVE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
30 to 60 Hertz frequency range

20. Thank U….