The document discusses the principles and processes of green architecture, emphasizing its focus on eco-friendly construction practices and materials. It explores the integration of digital technology with sustainable design, highlighting various examples of innovative buildings that exemplify these concepts. Key strategies such as energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials, and eco-friendly design are detailed to illustrate how green architecture fosters environmental responsibility.

1. DIGITAL
GREEN
ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED BY:
SARAH MADIHA
AIMAN NASEEM
NAZIA KHANAM
SUFYAN AHMED
HAMZAH MERAJ

2. GREEN
ARCHITECTURE
Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that
minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. The
"green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth
by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.

3. GREEN ARCHITECTURE
& GREEN DESIGN
Green architecture defines an understanding of environment-friendly architecture under all
classifications, and contains some universal consent, It may have many of these characteristics:
• Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling
• Energy-efficient lighting and appliances
• Water-saving plumbing fixtures
• Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy
• Minimal harm to the natural habitat
• Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power
• Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials
• Locally-obtained woods and stone
• Responsibly-harvested woods
• Adaptive reuse of older buildings
• Use of recycled architectural salvage
• Efficient use of space

4. THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN
BUILDING
The green building design process begins with an intimate understanding of the site in all its
beauties and complexities. Designers can create features in their buildings that mimic the functions
of particular eco-systems. Creating new habitat on structures in urbanized areas is especially
important to support bio-diversity and a healthy ecosystem.
The following points summarize key principles, strategies and technologies which are associated with
the five major elements of green building design which are:

5. GO
GREEN…
THIS TIME
DIGITALLY

6. DIGITAL-GREEN ARCHITECTURE:
• The trend of digital freeform and the awareness of
environmental issues have propelled architecture to a higher
level by comprehensively merging new technologies and
green concepts.
• These observations suggest that we need a new structure for
understanding the design process that integrates digital
technology and the sustainable concept.
• The comprehensive fusion of new design processes and the
overall interactions of digital technology and sustainability
thinking could elevate the design process from a
disconnected level to a more general and comprehensive
level.

7. DIGITAL DESIGN INTRODUCTION
With the advanced technological capacity of
• computing,
• calculation
• and simulation,
the rationale of contemporary architecture should not be directed only towards the aesthetic
and functional aspects, but more efforts should be invested in carrying out the concepts of
habitability, self-sufficiency.
Researchers such as
• Frank Gehry,
• Mark Burry,
• Larry Sass,
• Branko Kolarevic et al. recognized the progressive needs for new digital design process.
when using digital CAD/CAM technologies,
• Rapid Prototyping (RP)
• and Computer Numeric Control (CNC) as new design media.
By operating and applying new digital media in the design process in a more efficient way,
one also needed to develop a new design and construction method to satiate the new needs.

8. FACTORS FOR ANALYSIS DESIGN PROCESS
It is necessary to apply new factors in generalizing the new design process to integrate both
digital technology and sustainable concept.
Through the digital design process with new methods of assembly, five digital factors were
proposed including
• concept,
• manipulation,
• construction,
• form, and
• space.
In addition, four new digital factors are also sorted out which are
• motion,
• information,
• generation and
• fabrication.
Considering the operation of sustainable factors, the study would address only the key areas
based on structure,
• building form (envelope),
• electrical power, technical principles (ventilation, heating, cooling, lighting, etc.),
• environment (water, waste, energy, noise),
• site (microclimate, green space) and materials.

9. DIGITAL
GREEN ARCHITECTURE PROCESS
The digital-green evolution in architectural
design has been supplanted not only in the
design manipulations, but also in the evolution
of merging digital technology and sustainable
aspects entirely.

10. 1.Interaction
The relationships between construction site
and architecture, green space and architecture,
and also with people and form are emphasized
here.
2.Form
With the new design thinking and process,
concern for sustainable needs and computer
aided technology, the form of architecture, or
the use of building envelops may be redefined
in the digital-green environment.
3.Construction:
With the aid of computer technology and 3D
modelling techniques

11. 4.Materials
Based on the new construction methods of
3D modelling, animation, simulation and
deformation, the selection of material has
influenced its ability to fabricate
5.Object
By making the architectural whole from
architectural parts, those that were
originally defined as columns, walls, slab,
doors and roof…etc. were redefined by
mixing the functions for both free-form
and sustainable needs.

12. 01- Form
Example 01- Phare Tower
power of parametric scripting

13. Thom Mayne
PHARE TOWER

14. FORM
With the aim of technology and the development of
green thinking, the form could be full of dynamic
characteristics and at the same time work
sustainably.
Example- Phare Tower
Architect: Morphosis Architects

15. Technologies integrated into the Phare Tower
capture the
• sun and wind for the production of energy
and
• selectively minimize solar gain while
maximizing glare-free daylight.
The evolution of the freeform was determined
by the consideration of responding in
accordance to the path of the sun for the heat
gain and glare.

16. The CURVILINEAR DOUBLE SKIN on
the south façade and the flat and clear glazed north
façade show its purposes of minimizing heat gain
and maximizing interior exposures to natural
daylight.

17. Its high-performance skin transforms
with changes in light, becoming
opaque, translucent, or transparent
from different angles and vantage
points.

19. Example 02- Dynamic Tower

20. Dynamic Tower
Architect- David Fisher
Dynamic Architecture / Dynamic Buildings , the
start of a new conception in Architecture , a
concept of buildings in motion which can be
found in many shapes such as:
1. Static-Dynamic (Form, Textures, Colors).
2. 2. Partially-Dynamic (specific spaces,
elevations, Interior partitions, Furniture).
3. 3. Fully-Dynamic (the whole Building can
rotate, revolve, swivel or pivot).

21. The Dynamic Tower is
an innovative green
building.
With wind turbines
fitted horizontally
between each rotating
floor, the 80- story
building will have up to
79 wind turbine systems,
making it a truly green
power plant.

22. Each floor rotates independently with the
power of wind turbines fitted between
each floor, which not only provided
effective power to the surrounding
environment, but also allowed the free
form to express itself with sustainable
needs.
Generation of 1,200,000 kilowatt-hours of
energy each year.

23. Single core, to
which all the
stories(prefabricat
ed in factories) will
be assembled.
2000 workers
1 floor in 3 days
90 workers
1 floor in 3 days
1/50TH OF USED
ENERGY

24. This helps to demonstrate how a digital
architectural form full of expression is not limited in
shape, but now has more capacity for the need to
react with the environment

25. 02- MATERIAL
Example 01- Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion

26. Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion
Architect: Zaha Hadid with Patrik Schumacher

27. MATERIAL
By using computer technology and simulation,
designers could manipulate different kinds of
materials to achieve the dynamic form one desires
to approach but also have sustainable value for the
environment.
The Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion is organized around 4
main elements, or “pods”, that perform both as
structural elements and as spatial enclosures.
Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion

28. The structures intersecting pods allow its weight to
be distributed across the four Diagrid trusses,
instead of a singular element, leading to a reduction
in the size of load – bearing members needed to
span its 153m and 125m sections
69 meter foundation
62,500 steel structural elements have been
prefabricated
Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion

29. The outer skin is split longitudinally into two
elements:
A lower deck made of structural metal plates, and
on the higher level, a cladding system of glass-
reinforced concrete (GRC) panels in various shades
from white to black.

30. Building skin- a variety of openings
convey and direct air into the interior,
cooling visitors in the summer heat

31. its cladding is inspired by shark
scales, laid out In an optical pattern of
superimposed panels- an organic,
braided form that creates a natural
microclimate on the interior.

32. Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion with a gently
curve outline, its cross section takes the
shape of a diamond

33. Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion

34. 02- MATERIAL
Example 02- Carbon Tower

35. Carbon Tower
Architect- Peter Testa
Carbon skyscraper, describe as a
“woven building,”.
But also more beautiful, environmentally
friendly, and cheap to build.
The characteristics of the carbon fibre
material were redefined to form the
structural helix for the exterior surface of
the Carbon Tower.

36. Double-helix woven structure of twenty-four twisted
strands of pultruded and braided carbon fiber.

37. The structure is stabilized by continuous
braided tendons within the floor plates,
two external filament-wound ramps
providing lateral brace,
Exterior -Ventilating tensile membrane

38. Cylinder strung together by
40 carbon-fiber strands,
about 1 inch wide and nearly
650 feet long, that are
arrayed in a helicoidal, or
crosshatch, pattern

39. 03- OBJECT
Example 01- Bird’s Nest

40. BIRD NEST
Architect- Herzog & de Meuron
Based on the concern for both
digital and green, one could see
the definitions of basic architectural
elements such as roof, façade,
column or window becoming
vague because of the
comprehensive functions and
roles of the one object.
“The original architectural
elements are replaced with the
new forms and multiple
functions…”

41. Herzog & de Meuron

42. When the structure integrated the stairs,
walls and roof all into one cohesive
system, it also served as both structure
and façade with its load bearing grid-like
formation.
The green features of the rainwater
collection system also emphasize the
dual functions of the roof

44. 1) ECOTECT
2) DESIGN BUILDER
3) GREEN BUILDING STUDIO
4) BIM
5) ENERGY PLUS
6) UNITED DESIGN CONSTRUCTIONSUITE GREEN
7) GREEN WIZARD
8) GREENGRADE
9) INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS (IES)
VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT (VE)
SOFTWARES INVOLVED

45. TYPICAL PROTOTYPES FOR
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
1. Courtyard
Courtyard homes are more prevalent in the study area, as an open central court can be an
important aid to cooling house in warm weather. Courtyard draws fresh air down through the wind
catch. The comforts offered by a courtyard-air, light, privacy, security, and tranquillity - provides the
shadows are properties nearly universally desired in human housing. Courtyard used for many
purposes including cooking, sleeping, working, playing, gardening, and even places to keep
animals.

46. 2. Thickness of stone walls
The walls are designed to provide insulation, sunlight filters through increase wall thickness (40-
50 cm).
3. Roof
It is placed a mixture of sand and lime mortar above the linoleum protect the bishop from the
impact of the sun's heat and reduces the permeability of water falling from the rain in the winter.
4. Narrow openings
Narrow openings and high from the ground to prevent the entry of heat during the day for the
inside and maintain them for the night

47. • Courtyard design. The central courtyard allows spaces for relaxation and interaction of
occupants keeping their activities away from neighbours in addition to passive cooling
strategies. It achieves enough daylight penetration, reduces solar heat and promotes cooling
breezes while keeping out hot and dusty wind.
• Sun angles and Shadings. The design doesn’t oversize the amount of south-facing windows
as oversizing can lead to overheating. Horizontal exterior overhangs are used on the south
side of the building to block direct summer sun. The overhang is large enough to block
summer sun, but doesn’t block sun in winter.

48. • Thermal Mass. The walls of the house are thick and massive. The high-mass walls are cooled
from the cool night time temperatures. In turn, the walls then cool the occupants during the
day by accepting the heat radiating from their bodies.
• Construction Materials. Walls: Solid 8" Masonry wall which could be double wall for
maximizing thermal mass. Roof Construction: Flat light weight concrete (20 cm) and plaster
(1 cm). Floor: Slab on Grade covered by carpet or casework.
• Rain water harvesting. The roof of the building consists of gutters or pipes that deliver
rainwater falling on the rooftop to the storage tank. Harvested water can be used for toilet
flushing and garden irrigation.
• Aquifer water. Well pumps are built to be used for extracting water from an underground
source.

49. Energy Systems
• Biogas Plant production. Biogas is one of many renewable energy systems that provide greater
independence at very low cost. Produced gas from anaerobic digestion of organic material will
usually be piped from the top of the tank to a biogas cooking stove and/or biogas lights.
• Photovoltaic (PV array). Photovoltaic panels are installed on south-facing roof which is inclined
with an angle to maximize the amount of electricity produced.
• Solar domestic hot water. Solar hot water systems are used to collect energy from the sun in
panels or tubes to produce domestic hot water used in the house.

50. CASE STUDY
Vastukar Design Studio
Location : Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Site Area : 308 sq.m.
Built up area : 453 sq.m.
Typology : Office
SVA GRIHA rating : 5 star
The following strategies were adopted to reduce the building impact on the natural environment:
• Landscape - 3 new native trees have been planted on site.
• Energy - Over 88% of total living area falls under daylit zone.
• Lighting power density of the project is 2.19 W/sq.m, which is lower than the ECBC specified LPD
limit, of 10.80 W/sq.m for offices.
• 1.75 kWp solar photovoltaic panels have been installed on the roof of the building.
• All air-conditioners and fans installed in the residence are BEE 5 star rated.
• Thermal efficiency of the building envelope is 105 W/sq.m.
• Water and waste - Use of low-flow fixtures reduces the building water demand by 40% as compared
to SVAGRIHA base case.

51. • Rainwater storage tank of 13.52 kL capacity water pond has been constructed in the building to
capture rainwater; surplus rainwater is recharged in groundwater aquifer through filtration
bed.
• The project has reduced its landscape water demand by 52% as compared to the SVA GRIHA
base case.
• Materials - Use of low-VOC and lead free paints has been used to maintain good indoor air
quality.
• Over 74% of interior finishes are low-energy like khandolite stone, granite stone, plywood etc.
Integrated Design Team
Client: Professor S.S. Ray, President & Founder, Vastukar Foundation
Architect: Ar. S.S. Ray, Director, Vastukar Design Studio
Green building consultant: Ar. Sudipta Singh, Sustainable Buildings & Habitat, Odisha

52. Residence of Mr. Azad Jain and Mrs. Asha Jain
Location : Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Site Area : 3714 sq.m.
Built up area : 541 sq.m.
Typology : Residential
SVA GRIHA rating : 5 star
The following strategies were adopted to reduce the building impact on the natural environment:
• Landscape - 34 new native trees have been planted on site, 2 existing mature trees have been
preserved on site.
• Energy - Over 91% of total living area falls under daylit zone. The LPD of the project is 3.02 W/sq.m.
which is lower than the ECBC specified LPD limit of 7.5 W/sq.m. for multifamily buildings.
• 2 kWp solar photovoltaic panels and solar water heater of 200 lpd capacity have been installed on
the roof of the residence.
• All air-conditioners and fans installed in the residence are BEE 5 star rated.
• Water and waste - Use of low-flow fixtures reduces the building water demand by about 50%
compared to SVAGRIHA base case.
• Rainwater storage tank of 20,000 litre capacity has been installed on site to capture and utilize
rainwater.

53. • The project is converting organic kitchen waste into manure through installation of “Vermi-
Composting”.
• Materials - Use of low-VOC and lead free paints has been used to maintain good indoor air
quality.
• The project has demonstrated a reduction in embodied energy of over 33% against the SVA
GRIHA base case by using low-energy materials for wall construction.
• Over 70% of floor area materials are low-energy materials.
Integrated Design Team
Client: Mr. Azad Jain and Mrs. Aasha Jain
Architect: Mr. Umang Agrawal & Mr. Azad Jain, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Green building consultant: Mr. Umang Agrawal, Indore, Madhya Pradesh

54. CONCLUSION
• By merging the digital design manipulation technique and green thinking, the new
method of design process differs from the original expression of digital architectural
manipulation.
• It is essential to emphasize a broader range of issues in design process, bonding digital
architectural applications and sustainable expressions.
• This could extend the design process from a disconnected level to a more general and
comprehensive level. This might further lead to the establishment of a prototype or
conceptual model created by computer simulations or modelling to test the potential of
the new factors and the new design process for the further investigation.
• Through this process, we will have a closer understanding of the relationships between
the new digital-green architecture with CAD/CAM technologies and the new green
movement in future digital-green projects.