The document describes the design of an intelligent fire alarm system using temperature and smoke sensors with Android connectivity. The system aims to provide early detection of fires through sensors and notify occupants through connectivity to Android devices. It analyzes existing fire alarm systems, identifies problems with complexity and cost, and proposes the design of a low-cost system using an Arduino board connected to temperature and smoke sensors. The system would detect temperature increases or smoke, sound an alarm, and send alerts to registered Android devices with the location identified through a GPS module. The document outlines the objectives, significance, limitations and methodology of the proposed intelligent fire alarm system design.

2. INTELLIGENTFIRE ALARMUSINGTEMPERATUREAND SMOKE SENSOR WITH ANDROID
CONNECTIVITY
GROUP21
ONITILO VICTOR OLUWADAMILARE (20/2208)
DADA SIMISOLUWA IKEOLUWAKISI (19/0112)
OGUNRIDE DAVID PRAISE (20/2762)

3. BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Nowadays, securing one’s property and business against fire is becoming more and more important.
Monitoring commercial and residential areas all-round is an effective method to reduce personal and property
losses due to fire disaster.
Home fire detection is a matter of great concern, and thus many efforts are devoted in most developed
countries to the design of automatic detection systems. A fire alarm system should reliably and in a timely way
notify building occupants about the presence of fire indicators, such as smoke or high temperatures. A fire
detector is usually implemented as a smoke sensor due to its early fire detection capability, fast response time
and relatively low cost. Other options for the fire detection are based on gas sensors or temperature sensors fire
detectors that use a single sensor, generally a smoke sensor, and present high false-alarm rates due to
temperature changes.
In order to prevent fires from occurring or minimize their impact, accurate and early detection is essential,
and automatic fire detection is becoming very essential to reduce the fire in the building and industry.
Automatic fire alarm system provides real-time surveillance and monitoring. A key aspect of fire protection is to
identify a developing fire emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building's occupants and fire
emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarm systems.
Generally, fire detectors are designed to respond at an early stage to one more of the four major
characteristics of combustion, heat, smoke, flame or gas. No single type of detector is suitable for all types of
premises or fires. Heat detectors respond to the temperature rise associated with a fire and smoke detector

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The most prevalent threat faced by all institutions is FIRE. No institution is immune from fire. Until the
owners/trustees of these institutions develop plans for dealing with the fire threat, they place the building and
its occupants and collections at risk.
The complexity of these plans may vary from a simple evacuation plan, to a fire prevention program, to a
more complex plan that includes passive and automatic fire protection systems almost 90% of fire damages
occur due to lack of early fire detection. A fire attack is usually silent and people will know about fire only when
it has spread across a large area. SMS based Fire Alert system gives warning immediately to one or more mobile
numbers and hence remedy actions can be taken quickly. This helps to prevent major damages and losses
created by a fire accident.
In Nigeria the hazard of fire and related problems occur frequently in the urban area of the country. There are
existing fire alarm systems in the market nowadays, it is too complex in term of its design and structure. Since
the system is too complex, it needs regular preventive maintenance to be carried out to make sure the system
operates well. Meanwhile, when the maintenance is been done to the existing system, it could raise the cost of
using the system. Therefore, the project is designed with a low cost and all level users can have one for a safety
purpose.
Property damaged by floods can often be dried out and restored. Structural damage from an earthquake
might be repaired. Stolen property always has a chance of being recovered. Damage from fire, however, is
usually permanent and irreparable. Historical buildings or contents, once reduced to ash, can never be restored.
Fire is more cunning and less discriminating than a thief. It can travel (spread) through very small openings and

5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this project is to design and implement an automatic fire and smoke detection and
prevention system that can be produced at a low cost with effective and competitive usage. This System is
designed to be more users friendly and easy to operate at any level.
Our objective is to design a fire and smoke detection and prevention system that would fulfill the following:
To indicate the room in which fire erupted.
To indicate the location where the fire is occurred.
To prevent fire and smoke.
To sound the alarm if fire occurs.
To indicate the state of the room as ‘Safe’ in order to avoid any confusion under normal condition. So the
system should never be in any ambiguous state.

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Over the years death rates by fire has increased tremendously. Fire consumes homes and commercial
premises quickly, indiscriminately taking lives and ruining property. No one should have to be become a
victim of fire, but the reality is that people do become victims every day. The problem with having just
detection is that although you know you have a fire (the fire alarm sounders) there is no way to safely
suppress the fire yourself and that’s if you are there. The Fire service will put it out when called but the
smoke damage occurring before they arrive and the water damage after can be quite significant. Fire
suppression systems are used to reduce the level of damage and down time by automatically
suppressing the fire. Smoke alarms and sprinkler systems combined can reduce fire-related deaths by 82
percent and injuries by 46 percent.

7. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• Detects the fire from one location at a time, if there is fire in this
location, the System will be able to detect and hence locate only in
this location.
• Prevention of smoke is not contained in this project because we can’t
get any nothing for this purpose.
• No record keeping is being done in the system which deprives us
from any type of analysis which can be beneficial for the betterment
of the existing system.
• The project has been limited to a desired area of condition which is
estimated by small area coverage. This is to make the system more
sensitive and obtain a quick feedback from the desired area of
condition.

8. METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW
The design and development of this project are divided into two
main parts which are hardware architecture and software details.
In the hardware architecture, the design of the circuit was
constructed. In the software development, the whole complete
prototype was operated via programming codes.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
The traditional fire alarm system contains several types of devices each has a specific role in system operation to detect people and worn them through visual and audible
devices if there is a fire, smoke, carbon monoxide or any other emergencies. This type of alarm can automatically have activated from heat and smoke detector and it could
be activated by manual fire alarms such us manual focal point or intake station. Alarms can come as a motorized bell; horns or wall-mounted speaker they can also be
luminous sound for speakers that actually sound an alarm, and add an audio evacuation message that for example will warn people against using elevator. Fire alarm
speakers are always being sit up at a certain frequency with low, medium or high tones and that is being defined according to country and device manufacturer (Pandey,
Kazmi, Hayat, & Ahmed, 2017).
Internet of things is known as a network of this things or devices through which physical objects are able to exchange information by software, sensors, electronics and
communication. This process doesn’t depend on human interaction. The fire alarm system by using Arduino on IOT with temperature and smoke sensor as shown in figure
can be used in order to send direct information such as smoke or temperature detected value using a specific device wright strait to the fire department (Pandey et al.,
2017).
The IOT based fire alarm system commonly has two sensors one is activated when temperature changes and other one start operates when it senses a smoke. The ADC
adapter works on converting the received signal at the end of the sensor from analog to digital signal and then sends this information to the microcontroller (Arduino). The
micro control unit is programed to operate the bell whenever a smoke or temperature reaches a certain value called the threshold value.
The Arduino will start on transmitting data to the Wi-Fi module ESP8266. This module is a small chip used for making connection between microcontroller and Wi-Fi
Network. ESP8266 is then sending the collected data to the website, where authorized persons can take an action and take appropriate measures to reduce the fire (Al
Mamari, Al Mamari, Kazmi, Pandey, & Al Hinai, 2019). To identify the location device ID is used which a unique identifier is given to this device that will definitely provide
opportunity for personnel to be aware of location information, where detection of fire is detected (Ahmed, Kazmi, & Pandey, 2018).

10. LITERATURE REVIEW CONTD.
• In 2011 L Chun-yuan has designed an intelligent fire alarm system based on GSM. The purpose of the project is to solve the problem of
complex cabling, missed declaration, and missing alarm of traditional fire alarm system. By adapting smoke detectors and using a variable
threshold alert algorithm with temperature compensation the accuracy of the fire alarm is improved.
• In 2014 M Faris, M Fuzi, A F Ibrahim, M. H. Ismail, N. Syakira, and A. Halim, has developed a low-cost home dedicated fire alert detection
system using ZigBee wireless network. Along with ZigBee an Arduino Uno microcontroller,. temperature sensor, Buzzer alarm, and X-CTU
software were used in the project. It is called “Heat sensor for home use” .
• In 2016 S Suresh has developed a home-based fire monitoring and warning system using Arduino Uno R3. During the existence of smoke or
flame at a particular level, this system will send an alert to the property owner effectively and quickly via GSM.
• In 2012 H Elbehiery has designed and developed an intelligent fire alarm system for home fire alarms with an Arduino-based system utilizing
GSM Module. This system has an ATmega328 and a temperature sensor along with an Arduino board. The project's purpose is for house safety
where the main purpose is to avoid the fire accidents that occurred to the residents and the properties inside the house as well
• In 2015 K Sen, J Sarkar, S Saha, A Roy, D Dey, and S Baitalik, has developed an automated fire detection and controlling system based on
smoke and heat detection. It is comprised of a combination of electrical/electronic devices/equipment working together to detect the presence
of fire and alert people through an audio or visual medium after detection. The system will send Short Message Service (SMS) to the registered
mobile numbers and switch on a water sprayer or a solenoid pump to spray water or fire ceasing foam.
• In 2013 P Y Mulge, has designed remote temperature minoring using a wireless sensor network prototype for remote room temperature
monitoring. This network will be used for the management of fire rescue operations. LM35 sensor senses the remote room temperature and
temperature status is transmitted to the smartphone via GPRS. This work aims at the monitoring of remote room temperature. This provides an
opportunity to quickly respond to fire emergencies.

11. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
The design and development of this project are divided into two main
parts which are hardware architecture and software details. In the
hardware architecture, the design of the circuit was constructed and
the prototype of the project was built. In the software development,
the whole complete prototype was operated via programming codes.

12. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CONTD.
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino is the mainboard, which is an open-source microcontroller-based kit. The Arduino system offers a set of analog
and digital pins that can be interfaced with many other boards and circuits which have different functions in a design.
Figure 1 shows the Arduino Uno board that is used throughout the project.
MQ-2 Smoke Sensor
The MQ-2 smoke sensor reports smoke by the voltage level that it outputs. The more smoke there is, the greater the
voltage that it outputs. Conversely, the less smoke that it is exposed to, the less voltage it outputs.
The MQ-2 also has a built-in potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity to smoke. By adjusting the potentiometer, you can
change how sensitive it is to smoke, so it's a form of calibrating it to adjust how much voltage it will put out in relation
to the smoke it is exposed to. We will wire the MQ-2 to an Arduino so that the Arduino can read the amount of voltage
output by the sensor and sound a buzzer if the sensor outputs a voltage above a certain threshold. This way, we will
know that the sensor is detecting smoke and we will sound a buzzer alerting a person such as a homeowner to this fact.
Temperature Sensor (LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor)
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to
the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in°
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade
scaling.

13. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
CONTD.
• Microcontroller
An embedded microcontroller is a microcomputer that contains most of its peripherals and required memory inside a single integrated circuit along with the CPU. It is in actuality "a
microcomputer on a chip."
A microcontroller can be considered to be a self-contained system comprising a processor, memory modules and peripherals. Hence, a microcontroller can be used as an embedded
system. The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery such as automobiles, telephones, appliances and peripherals for computer systems.
Three criteria in choosing microcontrollers are as follows:
Meeting the computing needs of the task at hand efficiently and cost effectively;
Availability of software and hardware development tools such as compilers assemblers, debuggers, and emulators;
Wide availability and reliable source of the microcontroller.
Based on the above criteria we choose the STMP Microcontroller.
Buzzer
For alarm purposes a lot of electric bells, alarms and buzzers are available in the market that has got different prices and uses. The buzzer being used in this project is a 5-12 V buzzer and has
got enough alarm sound to be used in a fire alarm system. Louder buzzer would have been even better but then their operating voltages are high as we had a supply of maximum up to 12V
available with us on the board.
GPS Module GPS
Global Positioning System is a satellite navigation system that furnishes location and time information in all climate conditions to the user. GPS is used for navigation in planes, ships, cars
and trucks also. The system gives critical abilities to military and civilian users around the globe. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is made up of satellites, ground stations, and receivers.
GPS is a system. It's made up of three parts: satellites, ground stations, and receivers. Once the receiver calculates its distance from four or more satellites, it knows exactly where you are.
It is a global navigation satellite system that provides relocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or
more GPS satellites. The GPS system consists of three segments: The space segment is the number of GPS satellites used to route/navigation signals and to store and retransmit the
route/navigation message sent by the control segment. The control system comprises of a master control station. The user segment comprises of the GPS receiver, which receives the signals
from the GPS satellites and determine how far away it is from each satellite.

14. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CONTD.
GPS Module GPS
Global Positioning System is a satellite navigation system that furnishes location and time information in all climate conditions to the user. GPS is used for
navigation in planes, ships, cars and trucks also. The system gives critical abilities to military and civilian users around the globe. The Global Positioning System
(GPS) is made up of satellites, ground stations, and receivers. GPS is a system. It's made up of three parts: satellites, ground stations, and receivers. Once the
receiver calculates its distance from four or more satellites, it knows exactly where you are.
It is a global navigation satellite system that provides relocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The GPS system consists of three segments: The space segment is the number of GPS satellites used to
route/navigation signals and to store and retransmit the route/navigation message sent by the control segment. The control system comprises of a master control
station. The user segment comprises of the GPS receiver, which receives the signals from the GPS satellites and determine how far away it is from each satellite.

16. IMPLEMENTATION OVERVIEW
In the basic overview of our project, we use sensors (MQ-2 smoke sensor and
LM35 temperature sensor) for input, and GSM module, buzzer and LCD
display for output. An ARDUINO UNO microcontroller is also used for the
overall decision making of the entire system. Python programing language is
used to interface the hardware and the software.

17. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, project design was challenging because it gave an
exposure into the practical application and theoretical knowledge
needed to solve problems associated with design and
construction. Likewise, it gave more exposure to fire issues.