This document outlines a fire safety plan for a building. It discusses causes of fires in buildings like accidents, electrical issues, and unattended cooking. It then details fire hazards and emphasizes proper disposal of waste and storage of flammables. The document outlines key aspects of a fire safety plan like prevention and limiting fire spread. It also details common firefighting systems in buildings like extinguishers, hoses, hydrants, and sprinklers. Materials used for fire safety are also listed. A case study of a hospital fire in Kolkata, India is presented and the response and actions taken are summarized.

1. FIRE SAFETY PLAN IN A
BUILDING
Presented by Kuldeep
Kumar

2. Fire and Fire ChemistryFire and Fire Chemistry
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in
the exothermic chemical process of combustion, the exothermic chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, and various releasing heat, light, and various
reaction products. reaction products.
Fires start when a inflammable or a combustible Fires start when a inflammable or a combustible
material, in combination with a sufficient quantity material, in combination with a sufficient quantity
of an oxidizer such as oxygen gas or another of an oxidizer such as oxygen gas or another
oxygen-rich compound is exposed to a source oxygen-rich compound is exposed to a source
of heat or ambient temperature above the flash of heat or ambient temperature above the flash
point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is able to point for the fuel/oxidizer mix, and is able to
sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces
a chain reaction. This is commonly called the fire a chain reaction. This is commonly called the fire
tetrahedrontetrahedron

3. Causes of Fire in a Building
 Accidents and Carelessness
 Electrical Wiring, Electrical Outlets and Faulty Wiring
 Appliances
 Heating
 Unattended Stoves
 Children Playing with Matches

4. FIRE HAZARDSFIRE HAZARDS
 Clean up spills of flammable or combustible liquids promptly.Clean up spills of flammable or combustible liquids promptly.
 Dispose of combustible scrap, debris and waste materialsDispose of combustible scrap, debris and waste materials
safely in covered metal receptacles. Remove the waste fromsafely in covered metal receptacles. Remove the waste from
the worksite promptly.the worksite promptly.
 Practice safe storage requirements for flammable andPractice safe storage requirements for flammable and
combustible liquids and hazardous materials.combustible liquids and hazardous materials.
 Do not smoke near flammable or combustible liquids.Do not smoke near flammable or combustible liquids.
 If you smoke, before you throw away butts and ashes, makeIf you smoke, before you throw away butts and ashes, make
sure they are out.sure they are out.

5. FIRE ACCIDENTS AND
FATALITIES

7. FIRE SAFETY PLANFIRE SAFETY PLAN
 Intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.Intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.
 Fire safety measures include those that are intended to preventFire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent
ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limitignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit
the development and effects of a fire after it starts.the development and effects of a fire after it starts.
 Natural disasters, fires, hazardous leaks and other disaster eventsNatural disasters, fires, hazardous leaks and other disaster events
are reasons for companies to have a safe evacuation that needsare reasons for companies to have a safe evacuation that needs
the designing of an emergency plan. First of all, in drawing anthe designing of an emergency plan. First of all, in drawing an
emergency plan is to put an evacuation manager that will developemergency plan is to put an evacuation manager that will develop
an emergency evacuation procedure.an emergency evacuation procedure.

8. Concept Draw PRO diagrams and vector drawing software extended with Fire
and Emergency Plans Solution offers large collection of various examples and
templates for drawing the Emergency Plan of any complexity.

9. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM &FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM &
EQUIPMENTS INEQUIPMENTS IN
BUILDINGSBUILDINGS
Fire fighting systems and equipment vary depending on the age,
size, use and type of building construction. A building may contain
some or all of the following features:
• Fire extinguishers
• Fire hose reels
• Fire hydrant systems
• Automatic sprinkler systems

10. Fire Extinguishers
 Only useful for smaller fires.
 It is important that occupants are familiar with which extinguisher type to use on
which fire.

11. Fire Hose Reels
 Fire hose reels are provided for use by occupants as a 'first
attack' firefighting measure but may, in some instances, also be
used by firefighters.
 Because hose reels are generally located next to an exit, in an
emergency it is possible to reach a safe place simply by
following the hose.

12. Fire Hydrant systems
 Fire hydrant systems are installed in buildings to help firefighters quickly attack
the fire.
 Fire hydrants are for the sole use of trained firefighters of the high pressures
available serious injury can occur if untrained persons attempt to operate the
equipment connected to such installations.

13. Automatic Sprinkler
Systems
 Automatic sprinkler systems are one of the most reliable
methods available for controlling fires.
 Sprinklers Save Lives
 Reduces Risk of Damage
 Relatively Inexpensive
 Low Maintenance

14. MATERIALS COMMONLY USED
FOR FIRE SAFETY
 Mineral Wool
 Gypsum Board
 Asbestos Cement
 Perlite Boards
 Proplex Sheets
 Calcium silicate
 Sodium Silicate
 Potassium Silicate
 Treated Lumber Plywood
 Brick, Concrete, Cement render
 Glass

15. CASE STUDY: Fire Incident at AMRI Hospital, Kolkata
(India): A Real Time Assessment for Urban Fire
 On December 9, 2011 a massive fire broke out at annex building of AMRI
Hospital Dhakuria, Kolkata in the early hours of the morning. The fire was
first noticed by local residents at around 3.30 a.m. Fire Control Room,
Kolkata was informed about the incident at 4.10 am.
 Immediate response from the fire services was arrived at the site within 20
min. Though the fire was primarily initiated and restricted within the
basement of the hospital but poisonous smoke was sucked by air
conditioning ducts that carried it through the rooms and the corridors of
the seven-story centrally air conditioned hospital.
 Entire hospital building was filled with thick pile of smoke, caused
tremendous suffocation for all the indoor patients. Ninety people choked to
death, many of them are in their sleep or were not in condition to even
escape.

16. Response from the
Administration
Fire Department, West Bengal lodged a FIR against the concerned
authority of AMRI Hospital, Dhakuria, Kolkata and the sequence of the
incident of AMRI Fire as reported by the Disaster Management
Department, Govt. of West Bengal are as follows:
 The fire was located at the upper basement of the AMRI building.
 The hospital authority has illegally converted the upper basement floor
assigned for car parking to a dumping store for inflammable waste
materials
 There was negligence on the part of the on duty staff as they did not
inform the incident to Fire Brigade for nearly one and half hours, out of
their lack of understanding.
 Smoke detector and Fire Alarm system of the building were kept non-
operative out of ignorance or over simplification.

17. Action Taken by the
Administration
 Govt. of West Bengal had suspended the license of the AMRI hospital with
immediate effect.
 The Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of West Bengal had directed
the hospital authority to close the hospital and transfer the patients to another
hospital
 A 15-member special investigation team had been formed under the leadership
of Assistant Commissioner, to investigate the case
 Police arrested six directors of the hospital under four non-bail able sections of
the Indian Penal Code, namely, sections 304 culpable homicide not amounting
to murder, 308 -attempt to commit culpable homicide, 285 negligent conduct
with respect to combustible materials and 34 - common interests.