this ppt give information about fire fighting techniques used in hotels.

1. FIRE
FIGHTING
EQUIPMENTS
USED IN
HOTEL
RISHABH DHINGRA

2. Fire Tetrahedron
• Basic components of a
fire are:
– fuel
– source of ignition
– oxygen
– process of
combustion
• Commonly referred to
as the "fire tetrahedron"

3. FIRE FIGHTING
Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires. A firefighter suppresses and extinguishes fires to protect lives and
to prevent the destruction of property and of the environment.
– Firefighting demands a professional approach. Many firefighters achieve a high degree of
technical skill as a result of years of training in both general firefighting techniques and
developing specialist expertise in particular fire and rescue operations such as aircraft/airport
rescue, wilderness fire suppression, and search and rescue .
– One of the major hazards associated with firefighting operations could possibly be the toxic
environment created by combustible materials, the four major risks are smoke, oxygen
deficiency, elevated temperatures, and poisonous atmospheres. Additional hazards
include falls and structural collapse that can exacerbate the problems entailed in a toxic
environment. To combat some of these risks, firefighters carry self-contained breathing
equipment.
– The first step in a firefighting operation is reconnaissance to search for the origin of the fire, to
identify the specific risks, and to locate possible casualties.
– Fires can be extinguished by water, fuel removal, or chemical flame inhibition.

4. Types of Safety Equipment's Used in hotel
The basic safety equipment a lodging establishment should have and be aware of includes such
things as smoke detectors, fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, and accident prevention signs.
 SMOKE DETECTORS
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
 CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTORS
 ACCIDENT PREVENTIONS SIGN

5. – Smoke Detectors:
– Smoke or heat detection units are required by an increasing
number of local jurisdictions. Regulations vary from those only
requiring smoke and/or heat detectors in corridors, storerooms,
and under stairways to those requiring full systems that provide
protection in every guest room, guest bathroom, public area, and
back-of-the-house location.
– Smoke and heat detection units also vary in their characteristics
;some have the ability to report a heat build up prior to evidence of
smoke or flame, while others respond only to smoke and other
products of combustion.
– Automated systems, which integrate all smoke detectors in each
location with a master panel, permit staff to immediately determine
where a smoke detector has activated and to respond accordingly.

6. – Fire Extinguishers:
There are four classes of fires that a lodging property should be prepared for
1) Class A fires involve ordinary combustibles,
2) Class B fires involve flammable liquids,
3) Class C fires involve electrical equipment, and
4) Class K fires involve cooking oils and fats.
Tips: Although some jurisdictions will permit the elimination of fire extinguishers
in a facility with a full sprinkler system, consideration should still be given to the
use of extinguishers as they would permit the fighting of incident fires rather
than waiting for a fire to generate enough heat to activate an automatic sprinkler
system.
Carbon Monoxide Detectors:
Carbon monoxide is a dangerous by-product of a malfunctioning water heater,
kerosene heater, coal boiler, or any other wood, coal, or petroleum product unit.
(It is also the most critical toxic gas generated in any structural fire).
There have been tragic incidents in which carbon monoxide from such units has
resulted in the death of a guest or staff. Since carbon monoxide is invisible and
has no smell, it cannot be detected by natural means.

7. Accident Prevention Signs:
OSHA classifies accident prevention signs into three categories:
1) Danger signs.
2) Caution signs and,
3) Safety instruction signs.
Danger signs: which indicate immediate danger, should be posted to warn of specific dangers and to warn
that special precautions may be necessary. Red should be the basic colour for identification of all danger
signs, which include restricted area, in case of fire, do not enter, and emergency exit signs.
Caution signs: should only be used to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices.
The colour yellow has been used to advantage for marking physical hazards on stairs in both back-of-the-
house stairways and fire stairwells. Areas of construction or remodelling should have caution signs. Floor
stand signs could warn guests of wet floors and to watch their step.
Safety instruction signs: should be used only where there is a need for general instructions relative to safety
measures. These signs are typically green with white lettering. Signs with green arrows, for example, could
be used to note the path to follow between buildings or on trails

8. FIRE BRIGADES
This section contains requirements for:
1. Organization
2. Training
3. Personal Protective Equipment

9.  Organization
Employer shall prepare and maintain a written policy statement which:
1.stablishes the fire brigade and its organizational structure
2.Defines the functions to be performed; and
3. States training program requirements.
The employer must assure that employees who are expected to do interior structural firefighting are physically capable of
performing duties
 Training and Education
1.Shall be conducted prior to assignment
2.At least annually
3.Quarterly training or education sessions are required for fire brigades expected to perform interior structural fire fighting

10.  Fire Fighting Equipment
1.The employer shall maintain and inspect, at least annually, fire fighting
equipment to assure safe operational condition of the equipment.
2. Portable fire extinguishers shall be inspected at least monthly
3. Respirators shall be inspected at least monthly
 Protective Clothing
1. These requirements apply to those employees who perform interior
structural fire fighting.
2.These requirements do not apply to employees who use fire extinguishers or
standpipe systems to fire incipient level fires
 Protective Clothing
1. Foot and leg protection
2. Body protection
3. Hand Protection
4. Head, eye and face protection

11. Useful Web Sites
Consumer Products Safety Commission
 www.cpsc.org
Firehouse Magazine
 www.firehouse.com