Learning styles refer to cognitive, affective, and physiological traits that indicate how learners perceive and process new information. They depend on factors like ambiguity tolerance, reflectiveness, and field independence. A person's response to an unfamiliar situation, like arriving in a foreign country late at night, will be influenced by their predominant learning styles and cognitive predispositions. Learning styles are thought to link personality and cognition, and represent relatively stable indicators of how someone interacts with and responds to their learning environment.

3. Learning styles
Imagine you have just arrived in a foreign country whose
language you neither speak nor read. You are at the airport and
your contact person is not there to meet you. To make matters
worse, your luggage is missing. It's 2 A.M. and airport staff are
scarce, and those that are present don't speak English. What will
you do? Your response to this question will depend largely on
the "cognitive styles" you happen to bring to bear, your general
predisposition toward processing new information or challenges
in a particular way (Skehan: 1991). For instance, if you are
"ambiguity tolerant," you will not get easily flustered by your
unfortunate circumstances. If you are "reflective," you will
exercise patience. If you are "field independent," you will be able
to focus on the relevant details and not be distracted by
unnecessary details (Brown: 1994).

4. The way we learn things in general and the
particular approach we adopt when dealing with
problems is said to depend on a somewhat
mysterious link between personality and
cognition; this link is referred to as cognitive
style. When cognitive styles are related to an
educational context, they are generally referred
to as "learning styles," cognitive, affective, and
physiological traits that are relatively stable
indicators of how learners perceive, interact
with, and respond to the learning environment
(Keefe: 1979).

8. ‫طدزكج‬-

10. independence
dependence

11. Thank you.
Collected by:
YOSTINA GAYED.