The document discusses situational language teaching, an approach developed in the 1930s-1960s that focused on teaching practical language skills through analyzing grammar structures and vocabulary. It involved presenting new sentence patterns and drilling practices using real-world situations and visual aids. Lessons typically moved from controlled oral practice to freer use of structures in speech, reading, and writing. While suitable for introducing language, it lacked learner autonomy and creativity.
THIS IS A METHOD OF APPLIED LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS. IT HAS BOTH MANY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. WE WORKED ON HARDLY WITH MY GROUP. HOPE IT WILL BE USEFUL FOR EVERYONE.
THIS IS A METHOD OF APPLIED LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS. IT HAS BOTH MANY ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. WE WORKED ON HARDLY WITH MY GROUP. HOPE IT WILL BE USEFUL FOR EVERYONE.
Communicative Language Teaching is the cornerstone for approaches that have shifted from a grammar-based language view to a functional view of language where communication is the main objective. Such approaches are CBI (Content-based instruction) and TBI (Task-based instruction). Today, both CBI and TBI are the leading approaches most teachers are currently using to teach a second/foreign language around the world. Both approaches have been proven to be effective, and the most important thing is that students are truly learning to use language to communicate their ideas to different audiences.
Task based syllabus based on Krahnke's (1987) book: "Approaches to Syllabus Design for Foreign Language
Teaching. Language in Education: Theory and Practice"
Communicative Language Teaching is the cornerstone for approaches that have shifted from a grammar-based language view to a functional view of language where communication is the main objective. Such approaches are CBI (Content-based instruction) and TBI (Task-based instruction). Today, both CBI and TBI are the leading approaches most teachers are currently using to teach a second/foreign language around the world. Both approaches have been proven to be effective, and the most important thing is that students are truly learning to use language to communicate their ideas to different audiences.
Task based syllabus based on Krahnke's (1987) book: "Approaches to Syllabus Design for Foreign Language
Teaching. Language in Education: Theory and Practice"
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The slides talk about the difference between method and approach first then there is a description of Structural Approach, its features and demerits. Then we have slides that describes Communicative Approach, its features,role of teacher in this approach and demerits. As a whole the slides present difference between these two approaches.
The Structural Approach to learn English was widely used prior to 1960 in English speaking countries. Its efficacy has been proven by the generation who mastered the rudiments of English with less difficulty. As a result, this generation proceeded to make an impact in the respective fields of endeavour. All this was only possible with the help of the tool of expression, the English language. Mastery of the English language through the Structural Approach enabled them to convey to the world their ideas and ground breaking research flawlessly. It is not enough for one to be possessed with an inquiring spirit. The power to express our convictions makes a difference.
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Classroom procedures in situational language teaching vary according to the level of the class, but procedures at any level aim to move from controlled to freer practice of structures and from oral use of sentence patterns to their automatic use in speech, reading and writing
Classroom procedures in situational language teaching vary according to the level of the class, but procedures at any level aim to move from controlled to freer practice of structures and from oral use of sentence patterns to their automatic use in speech, reading and writing
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Ciclo Académico Abril Agosto 2011
Carrera: Inglés
Docente: M S. Nina Aleksandrovna Nesterenko
Ciclo: Quinto
Bimestre: Primero
audio lingual method, also known as the army method, is a language teaching method that was created after the seond world war. the audio lingual method is known for its use of a variety of drills (repetition drills, transformation drills, substitution drills ...) as well as emphasizing speaking and listening. This method is based on habit formation and the idea that through repetition and reinforcement students can learn the language rapidly, hense the drills.
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The oral approach and situational language teaching
1.
2. Introduction
Situational language teaching is a
term not commonly used today, but it is an
approach developed by British applied linguists
in the 1930s to the 1960s, and which had an
impact on language courses which survive in
some still being used today (Richards & Rogers,
1986).
The Oral Approach and Situational Language
Teaching relied on the structural view of
language. Both speech and structure were seen
to be the basis of language and, especially,
speaking ability.
3. Vocabulary control:
Vocabulary was seen as an
essential component for reading proficiency. The
second emphasis was on reading skills.
Grammar control:
Also the interest was focus on
the grammatical content of a language course.
It has been believed that an analysis of English
and a classification of its principal grammatical
structures into sentence patterns (or situational
tables) could be used to assist learners to
internalize the rules and sentence structures.
4. Theory of language
The Structural view of
language is the view behind the Oral Approach
and Situational Language Teaching. Speech was
viewed as the basis of language and structure as
being at the heart of speaking ability.
5. Theory of learning
The theory of learning underlying
Situation Language Teaching is behaviorism,
addressing more the processes, than the conditions of
learning. It includes the following principles:
Language learning is habit-formation.
Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they make
bad habits.
Language skills are learned more effectively if they
are presented orally first, then in written form.
The meanings of words can be learned only in a
linguistic and cultural context.
6. Objectives
Teach a practical command of the four basic
skills of a language, through structure.
Accuracy in both pronunciation and grammar.
Ability to respond quickly and accurately in
speech situations.
Automatic control of basic structures and
sentence patterns
7. The syllabus
Situational Language Teaching
used a structural syllabus and a word list, where
the structures are always taught within sentences,
and vocabulary is chosen according to how well it
enables sentences patterns to be taught.
Example by Frisby about the typical structural
syllabus around which situational teaching was
based:
8. Types of learning and teaching activities
Situational Language
Teaching emplys a situtational approach to
presenting new sentence patttern and drill-
based manner of practicing them.
By situation (Pittman) means the use of:
Concrete objects
Pictures
Realia
Wich together with actions gestures can be used
to demonstrate the meanings of a new language
items.
9. The role of instructional material
Situational Language
Teaching is dependent upon:
Textbook: Contains organized lessons planned
about different grammatical structures.
Visual aids: They are produced by the teacher or
commercially produced. They consist on wall
charts, flashcards, pictures and so on.
10. Learner roles
In the initial stages the learner is
required simply to:
Listen and repeat what the teacher says
Respond questions and commands
Teacher roles
In the presentation stage the teacher serve as a
model (setting up situations)
Then he becomes like the skillful conductor.
11. Typical procedure in Situational Language
Teaching include:
Procedures that move from controlled to freer
practice of structures.
Procedures that move from oral use of sentence
patterns to their automatic use in speech,
reading and writing.
12. A typical situational Language Teaching
lesson would start with stress and intonation
practice. Then the main body of the lesson
might consist of:
pronunciation
revision (to prepare for new work if necessary)
presentation of new structure or vocabulary
oral practice (drilling)
reading of material on the new structure, or
written exercises.
13. Class with the Oral Approach Method
First activity:
The students should say sentences representing that
they can see in the pictures. They have to say
immediately what the picture represent.
14.
15. Example:
The student said:
Yesterday it was sunny and today it’s raining.
There is a book and there are two students.
She was eating noodles.
They were coocking fruit.
16. Second activity:
The teacher will show some images to the student
and the teacher will say the action that is happening in
the pictures. The students have to repeat that at least 2
times.
17. Suitable for introduction to the language.
Oral production without risk.
An accessible method for teachers if they have good
curriculum.
Is a method that does not requires many resources
Is a good method if we use it in teaching pronunciation
or vocabulary
Its strong emphasis on oral practice, grammar and
sentence patterns conform to the intuitions of many
practically oriented classroom teachers.
18. A boring teacher who is not sure about he's
teaching
The learner has no control over the content of
learning. He is required simply to listen and repeat
what the teacher says and to respond to questions
and commands.
This method do not account for the fundamental
characteristic of language namely the creativity
and uniqueness of individual sentences.