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Federalism ppt

This document discusses the key aspects of federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system of government where power is shared between a central government and other administrative units. In India, federalism involves three levels of government - central, state, and local. The document outlines India's federal structure, including the division of powers between levels of government. It also addresses some of the historical challenges in implementing federalism in India's diverse context and how decentralization to local governments has strengthened democracy.

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MADATSST & MUKUND INGLE PRESENT
Mr. Mukund B. Ingle
 Federalism is system of government in which power shared between central government and other units of administration.  Federalism usually has two level of administration, but some of the countries have more than two levels.  Each level manages and makes the laws for own territory.  Each level of government enjoys their power independent to the other.
 In this form of administration, there is only one level of government. If there are more sub-units, they are subordinates to central.  Here, central government passes on the orders to other levels of government.  Other levels of government are subordinate to Central government.
 Two or more levels  Each level has its own Jurisdiction  Each level’s Jurisdiction is specified.  Fundamentals of constitution can’t be changed by central level itself.  Courts work as umpire in the disputes of different levels.  Revenue sources for each level are specified.  Federalism has two objectives 1. Safeguard and promote national unity. 2. Accommodation of regional diversity
 ComingTogether –  Independent states come together and form bigger unit  It helps to maintain security and sovereignty.  Each state is equally strong  Ex. USA, Switzerland and Australia
 HoldingTogether –  Country is divided into states for better administration  It helps for accommodation of diversity  Some states might be given more power.The ultimate power lies in the hand of central  Ex. India, Spain and Belgium
 Division of Powers  Some States are given more powers  Written Constitution  UnionTerritories  Jurisdiction  Levels of Government
▪ Union List – Subjects on which only central government makes the laws i.e. Defense, Foreign Affairs, Currency, Communication ▪ State List – Subjects on which only State Government can make laws i.e. Police,Trade, Agriculture, Irrigation, Commerce ▪ Concurrent List – Subjects on which both level can make laws but at the end the law made by central continues i.e. Education, Marriage,Trade Unions, Adoption, Succession ▪ Residuary Subjects – Subjects which newly added in the list after the constitution was written and Central Government only has right to make laws on them.
 Linguistic States –  The first challenge faced after independence was Linguistic States.  New states were formed on the basis of language and culture.  Some states were formed on the basis of ethnicity and geography such as Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.  Some were concerned that it might lead to disintegration of the nation. But that worked well and effectively.
 Language Policy –  It was second and major as India does not have any official language.  As more than 40% people speak Hindi, more safeguards are provided to it.  But there are other 21 scheduled languages. State can enjoy its own language for official purpose.  We have adopted three languages structure and any two languages can be used for administrative purpose.  Flexibility in languages helped India to avoid the situation like Sri Lanka.
 Central and State Relation -  It helped a lot to avoid clashes between central and states.  When same political party ruling in central and state, state couldn’t enjoy more power as central government could influence the decisions of states.  But after 1990, many regional parties came up and acquired the power in states.Thus more independent decisions were taken by states and federal system was practiced.  Today, these regional political parties are even affecting the decision making in central also.  So, we can say that today’s power sharing is more effective than it was practiced in the early days when constitution was written.
 When power is taken away from central and given to other levels of government is called decentralization. It plays very important role in democracy as  It helps to reduce the burden of central government.  It helps to increase the participation of people in democratic process.  It helps to solve local problems effectively  Local Self government is called schools of Democracy.
 How Local Self Government has been given more powers?  The act was passed in 1992 to empower the third level. ▪ Regular Election ▪ Reservation to SC, ST groups. ▪ 1/3 Reservation given to women. ▪ States were to aid financially to LSG ▪ Separate State Election Commission was formed.
 Rural self government – ▪ Zilla Parishad – It is at district level.The political head is called ZP chairperson. It contains the member elected by Block Samiti and honorary membership is also given to MP and MLA of that district. ▪ Block Samiti/Panchayat Samiti – It is at Block/Taluka level.The political head is called panchayat samiti chairperson. It contains the members elected by village Panchayat. ▪ Village panchayat – It is at every village or consisting the group of two or three village together. It contains the member elected by villagers.The political head of the village is called Sarpanch.The most important committee in village is ‘Gram Sabha’.
 Urban Self government – ▪ Municipality – It is at town level. It contains the members elected by the citizens of the town. Political head of the municipality is Municipality Chairperson. ▪ Municipal Corporation – It is at city level. It contains the member elected by the citizens of the city.The political head of the Municipal Corporation is Mayor.
 Financial Needs  Irregular meetings  Women inactive participation
THANK YOU