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Federalism
- 2. FEDERALISM It is asystem of government under which power is divided between central government and its various units. Example: INDIA, USA, CANADA,ETC
- 3. CHARACTERSTICS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT •Two or more levels of government. – It consist of central authority, state authority and as well as its various units. • Supremacy of the judiciary. – Judiciary is above all the other organs. • Separate jurisdiction – In federal government the different tiers of government governs same citizen.
- 4. • Specification ofthe jurisdiction. – The authority and existence of each tier of government is safeguarded. • Rigid constitution . – The constitution can be only changed through consent of both levels of government. • Specification of source of the income . – Source of income is divided among the levels. • Dual objective. – It has two motives ,
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- 6. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT UNITARY GOVERNMENT • All thesubjects are under one hand. • Single administration • Single constitution • Division of subject between central government. • Double administration • Constitution according to the state can central are different.
- 7. KINDS OF FEDERATION •Coming together government – In this type of government the state and central has equal powers. • Examples: USA, AUSTRALIA. • Holding together government – In this type of government the state and center has powers shared among different levels • Examples: INDIA, BELGUIM.
- 8. WHAT MAKES IndiaA FEDERAL COUNTRY? • Division of power – Union list includes subjects of national importance like defense banking etc. – State list includes subjects like police commerce etc – Concurrent lust includes the common subjects of both state and central government – Residuary power includes the power to legislature for the subject not mentioned in other list
- 9. • Three tiersystem – India has three tier system : • Union government • State government • Local self government • Not equal powers to all administrations – India has hold together form of government • Consent of both levels of the government – In India the bill has to be passed through the both houses of the parliament. • Jurisdiction – In India we have supreme court high court and low court. • Source of income – In India the state and the central have separate source of income
- 10. HOW IS FEDERALISM PRACTICED? •Linguistic state – States are made according to the culture of a area • Language policy – In India there are many languages are given the recognition but only english is the official language. • State central relation – Many steps are taken to improve the relation between the state and the center like forming coalition parties and many more.
- 11. DECENTRALISATION IN India It meanstaking away powers from state and central government and giving it to local government Advantages • Locals have better knowledge – Issues can be best settled at the local level • Direct participation – Inculcate the habit of the democratic participation. • Foundation of democracy – It is like a school for the leaders • Reduction of burden over state and central government – In this way the state and central government
- 12. Major step takentowards decentralisation was in 1992. • Regular elections – It is mandatory to have elections • Reservation of seats – Seats are reserved for ST SC • State election commission – An independent body has been set up • Source of revenue – The state has to share the source of income with the local government
- 13. Local governments • Gramsabha – The village assembly, it consist of every person in a village above 18 years old. Meetings must be held twice in a year • The village panchayat – Consist of panchayat sarpanch and several other wards There are many other bodies like block samiti, zila parshid and in the urban areas we have municipal corporation, municipalities, mayor, etc.