9 The Raj Rowlatt, Amritsar and Non Cooperation Robert Ehrlich
The Raj continues wartime measure through the Rowlatt Act. Protests result. A peaceful gathering at Amritsar is massacred by General Dyer. Dyer is removed from his post. is treatment is brought to Parliament where he is praised by Lords but the dismissal is upheld by Commons after a speech by Churchill. Gandhi uses satyagraha in labor disputes but extends this to non-cooperation with the raj. He is arrested but soon released. Congress becomes a larger force among the Indian public.
9 The Raj Rowlatt, Amritsar and Non Cooperation Robert Ehrlich
The Raj continues wartime measure through the Rowlatt Act. Protests result. A peaceful gathering at Amritsar is massacred by General Dyer. Dyer is removed from his post. is treatment is brought to Parliament where he is praised by Lords but the dismissal is upheld by Commons after a speech by Churchill. Gandhi uses satyagraha in labor disputes but extends this to non-cooperation with the raj. He is arrested but soon released. Congress becomes a larger force among the Indian public.
Nationalism In India Class 10 (History chapter 2)VJLEARNING
This document explains the chapter 2 of history class-10 NATIONALISM IN INDIA
This document will also help teachers in teaching their students, especially in their online classes.
Hope you like it
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The judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. ...
The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system in which customs, securities and legislation, all codify the law of the land.
The Constitution of India secures justice to all its citizens apart from securing liberty, equality, and promoting fraternity.
Indian democracy the Supreme Court plays important role of safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens which includes providing fair justice also.
Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that defined the principles of the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947, India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia, known as Greater India.
Nationalism In India Class 10 (History chapter 2)VJLEARNING
This document explains the chapter 2 of history class-10 NATIONALISM IN INDIA
This document will also help teachers in teaching their students, especially in their online classes.
Hope you like it
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
The judiciary is a system of courts which interpret and apply the law. ...
The Indian Judiciary administers a common law system in which customs, securities and legislation, all codify the law of the land.
The Constitution of India secures justice to all its citizens apart from securing liberty, equality, and promoting fraternity.
Indian democracy the Supreme Court plays important role of safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens which includes providing fair justice also.
Indian nationalism refers to the many underlying forces that defined the principles of the Indian independence movement, and strongly continue to influence the politics of India, as well as being the heart of many contrasting ideologies that have caused ethnic and religious conflict in Indian society. Indian nationalism often imbibes the consciousness of Indians that prior to 1947, India embodied the broader Indian subcontinent and influenced a part of Asia, known as Greater India.
Grade 10th Social Science Civics - Chapter . 2. FederalismNavya Rai
Grade 10th Social Science Civics - Chapter . 2. Federalism
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
A federation has two levels of government. Both these levels of governments enjoy their power independent of the other.
One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a few subjects of common national interest.
Governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state.
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between central government and individual states or provinces
Federalism has two levels of government:
a. One is the government for the entire country that is usually responsible for a new subject of common national interest.
b. The others are governments at the level of provinces or states that look after much of the day-to-day administering of their state
Democratic Politics Chapter I for grade 10 i hope it is going to be more interesting and easier for the students to learn and revise. I hope students of CBSE schools will benefit across the globe.
this is my frist upload , I took help from one of my friend in the slide share to do this ( ONLY INFORMATION ) I have done it not only for my project they become useful for u whenever needed As i did it whit a lot of hardwork
7th std P. S. How the state government worksNavya Rai
India is a vast country with many diversities.
The problems of people in villages and small towns different from those living in cities.
The government meets the needs and demands of people by dividing itself into three levels.
This is called decentralization of power, wherein each level has its own area of functioning.
Why do we need political parties?
Functions of Political Parties
Parties contest elections
Parties put forward different policies and programm
Parties make laws for a country
Parties form and run governments
Losing party play the role of opposition
Parties shape public opinion
Parties provide people access to government machinery
and welfare schemes implemented by governments
Why parties are a necessary condition for democracy ?
One-party systems
Two-party system
Multiparty system
National political parties
Conditions to be called National political parties
Indian National Congress (INC)
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
Communist Party of India - (CPI)
Communist Party of India - Marxist (CPI-M)
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
State parties
Challenges to political parties
Lack of internal democracy within parties
Dynastic succession
Growing role of money and muscle power in
parties
very often parties do not seem to offer a
meaningful choice
How can parties be reformed?
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Means of Transportations
Roadways
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
• National Highways
State Highways:
District Roads
Other Roads
Border Road
Railways
Pipelines
Waterways
Major Sea Ports
Airways
Communication
International Trade
Tourism as a Trade
GLOBALISATION AND INDIAN ECONOMY CLASS 10 X NCERT CBSEMahendra SST
How do we understand these rapid transformations?
PRODUCTION ACROSS COUNTRY
SPREADING Of PRODUCTION By MNC –
INTERLINKING PRODUCTION ACROSS COUNTRY-
MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local companies.
FOREIGN TRADE AND INTEGRATION OF MARKET –
WHAT IS GLOBALISATION-
FACTORS THAT ENABLED GLOBALISATION-
LIBERLISATION –
Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is what is known as liberalisation.
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION-
DEVELOPMENT
What is Development –
What Development Promises – Different People Different Goal
Income And Other Goal
National Development
How To Compare Different Countries Or States
Income And Other Criteria
Public Facilities
Sustainability of Development
ncert cbse class 10ecinomics
2 role of the government in health class vii 7Mahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS SUBJECT SPL CHAPTER ROLE OF GOVT IN HEALTH What is health?
THE COST OF A CURE
Division Of Health Services
(a) Public health services and
(b) Private health facilities
Is adequate healthcare available to all?
What can be done?
The Kerala experience
The Costa Rican approach
1 tracing changes through a thousand yearsMahendra SST
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 67HISORY CHAPTER 1
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 6 HISORY CHAPTER WHAT WHERE HOW AND WHEN
NCERT CBSE SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS 6,7,8,9,10 HISTORY POLITICAL SCIENCE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS
IN THIS CHAPTER YOU WILL GET ACCESS ABOUT CLASS 6 HISORY CHAPTER WHAT WHERE HOW AND WHEN
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 8 CHAPTER permanent settlement ryotwari and mahalwari system holt mackenzi charles cornwalis indigo and blue rebellion
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER poverty as challenge poverty definition poverty social exclusion vulnerability poverty line method causes of poverty
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER the story of village palampur factors of production farming in palampur non farming activities land labour physical capital fixed capital working capital human capital
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE CLASS 6 CHAPTER GOVERNMENT ITS FUNCTIONS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MONARCHY AND DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC REPRESENTATIVE GOVT RIGHT TO VOTE
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 6 CHAPTER IN THE EARLIEST CITIES HARAPPAN CIVILISATION MOHANJODARO KALIBANGAN GREAT BATH FIRE ALTER LOTHAL DOCKYARD
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER money and credit barter system modern form of noney formal and informal sectors of credit collateral terms of credit
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER political parties components of political parties national and state parties how can political parties are reformed
CBSE NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 9 CHAPTER our detailed election process constituencies candidate nomination challenges to election process
Cbse NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ECONOMICS POLITICAL SCIENCE CLASS 10 CHAPTER classifications of minerals conventional and non conventional energy resources
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. NCERT CLASS X
SUBJECT – DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
PRESENTED BY MAHENDRA KUMAR
MAHENDRA PAREEK1
federalism
2. What is federalism?
MAHENDRA PAREEK2
Definition - Federalism is a system of government in which
the power is divided between a central authority (CENTRAL
GOVT – for whole India ) and various constituent units
(RESPECTIVE 28 STATES )of the country.
CG is usually responsible for a few subjects of common
national interest. SG look after much of the day-to-day
administration of their state
3. Difference
Unitary federal
MAHENDRA PAREEK3
One level of government
Subunits (states) are
subordinate of central
government
Central government can
pass orders to state
governments.
Examples: China, Japan,
U.K, France
Two or more level of
governments
State govts have their own
independent powers
Central government
cannot pass orders to
state govt.To do
something.
Example-USA, Brazil,
Belgium India, Canada,
Germany
5. Key features of federalism
MAHENDRA PAREEK5
❖ There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government
❖ Different tiers of government govern the same citizens.
❖ Each tier (CG/SG/LG) has its own JURISDICTION in
specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
❖ This jurisdiction is specified in our constitution.
constitutionally guaranteed existence and authority of each
tier (CG/SG/LG)
6. Key features of federalism
MAHENDRA PAREEK6
❖Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly
specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
❖Supreme court acts as interpreter of constitution and settled the
disputes between CG/SG, SG/SG, CG/INDIVIDUAL AND
SG/INDIVIDUAL.
❖ The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and
promote unity of the country, while at the same time
accommodate regional diversity (INDIA & BELGIUM).
❖ An ideal federal system has both aspects : mutual trust and
agreement to live together.
7. Types of Federation
MAHENDRA PAREEK7
COMINGTOGETHER
Independent states come
together to form a bigger unit
of federation.
Constituents states usually
have equal powers
Examples: Sri Lanka, France,
Spain, Italy
HOLDINGTOGETHER
A country divides its own
territory into several sub-
units
Central govt. is stronger than
state governments.
The USA, India, Canada,
Brazil, Belgium
8. What makes India a federal country?
MAHENDRA PAREEK8
The Constitution declared India as a Union of States.
The word federation is not used in constitution.
the Indian Union is based on the principles of federalism.
The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier (CG/SG)
system of government.
A third tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats
and Municipalities.
9. What makes India a federal country? Contd…
MAHENDRA PAREEK9
Constitution clearly provided a threefold distribution of
legislative powers between the (UG and SG).
Union List - Union Government alone can make laws
relating to national importance subjects.
Defence , foreign affairs, banking, communications, currency.
State List - SG alone can make laws relating to state and local
importance subjects.
Police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.
10. What makes India a federal country?
MAHENDRA PAREEK10
Concurrent List –
Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws
on the subjects of common interest to both the Union
Government as well as the State Governments. If conflict, law
made by the Union Government will prevail
Subjects -education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and
succession.
Residuary power –
Union Government has the power to make laws
Includes subjects that do not fall in any of the three lists. Ex-
computer software
11. What makes India a federal country?
MAHENDRA PAREEK11
Different state, special status. Small area-Uts govern by UG.
Change in this arrangement (federalism) constitution
amendment – passed by Parliament with 2/3 majority +
passed by more than half of the states
INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY -
SC interpret the constitution .
SC settle the disputes between UG & SG
Sc is the apex body of judiciary .
12. What makes India a federal country?
MAHENDRA PAREEK12
Financial power of UG & SG –
Power to raise resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the
government and the responsibilities assigned to each of them.
16. How is federalism practised?
MAHENDRA PAREEK16
Linguistic States –
Many new states have been created on federal principles after
independence.
Some states were created on the basis of languages spoken by
people. AP-1953-Telugu.
Some States were created to recognise differences based on
culture, ethnicity or geography. Nagaland, UK and Jharkhand.
17. MAHENDRA PAREEK17
Language policy –
No national language .
Hindi (Mother tongue of 40% ) was identified as the official
language.
There are 22 (Hindi + 21 languages)recognised as Scheduled
Languages by the Constitution
According to the Constitution, the use of English for official
purposes was to stop in 1965 ( after 15 yrs from 1950)
Non Hindi states opposed it . Continued...
Promotion of Hindi by UG.
18. Centre-State relations
MAHENDRA PAREEK18
Same party UG instruct SG – No disputes.
Different party – UG try to control SG undermined the spirit of
federalism.
All this changed significantly after 1990.
COALITION GOVERNMENTS - major national parties had to
enter into an alliance with many parties including several
regional parties to form a government at the Centre.
This led to a new culture of power sharing and respect for the
autonomy of State Governments
Thus, federal power sharing is more effective today
20. Decentralisation in India
MAHENDRA PAREEK20
India is vast (size & population) and culturally diverse So its rationale
to decentralise the power
When power is taken away from Central and State governments and
given to local govt, it is called decentralisation.
The basic idea behind decentralisation
- Local problem – local solution
- Better understanding where and how to spend money.
One of principle of democracy is local self-government.
21. Decentralisation in India
MAHENDRA PAREEK21
Before 1992 –
❖Panchayats in villages and municipalities in urban areas were directly
under the control of state governments.
❖ Elections were not held regularly.
❖ Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their
own..
22. Decentralisation in India
MAHENDRA PAREEK22
After amendment of 1992 –
To hold Regular elections to local government bodies become
constitutionally mandatory.
Reserved seats for SC,ST AND OBCs.
one-third (1/3) of all positions are reserved for women.
State Election Commission has been created in each State to conduct
Panchayat and municipal elections
The SGs are required to share some powers and revenue with local
government bodies.The nature of sharing varies from State to State.
23. RURAL LOCAL GOVT- PANCHAYATI RAJ
MAHENDRA PAREEK23
Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत) –
Consists ward members (Panch पंच) and the sarpanch (सरपंच).
Decision-making body for village.
Elected by Gram Sabha.
Gram Sabha (ग्राम सभा )(Permanent Body)
formed by voters of a village .
It elects ward members and the Sarpanch of the Gram panchayat.
It meets twice or thrice to approve annual budget.
24. RURAL LOCAL GOVT- PANCHAYATI RAJ
MAHENDRA PAREEK24
Block Level - Panchayat samiti (पंचायत सममतत )
Group of a few panchayats formed panchayat samiti
Its members are indirectly elected by the panchayat members .
District Level- Zila Parishad (जिला परिषद् )
Panchayat Samitis constitutes Zila Parishad.
District MPs, MLAs and officials are some other members.
Zila Parishad Chairman (जिला प्रमुख ) or President is a
political head.
25. RURAL LOCAL GOVT- PANCHAYATI RAJ
MAHENDRA PAREEK25
Block Level - Panchayat samiti (पंचायत सममतत )
Group of a few panchayats formed panchayat samiti
Its members are indirectly elected by the panchayat members .
District Level- Zila Parishad (जिला परिषद् )
Panchayat Samitis constitutes Zila Parishad.
District MPs, MLAs and officials are some other members.
Zila Parishad Chairman (जिला प्रमुख ) or President is a
political head.
26. URBAN LOCAL GOVT
MAHENDRA PAREEK26
Municipalities –
Municipalities are set up in towns.
Chaired by a political head is called Municipal Chairman
Controlled by elected bodies consisting of people’s representatives
Municipal Corporations –
Municipal Corporations are set up in BIG CITIES.
Chaired by a political head is called Mayor
Controlled by elected bodies consisting of people’s representatives.
27. MAHENDRA PAREEK27
There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the
Panchayats and municipalities etc all over the country.
This number is bigger than the population of many countries
in the world
28. VOTE OF THANKS
MAHENDRA PAREEK28
1 NCERT BOOKS
2 INTERNERT AND GOOGLE
3 ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA
OUR PRINCIPAL
4 MYVIEWERS