The document provides an overview of the Lamiaceae family, also known as the mint family, detailing its systematic position, distribution, and morphological characteristics such as habit, leaves, inflorescence, and reproductive structures. It emphasizes the economic importance of various species, including their use as sources of aromatic oils, ornamental plants, and culinary herbs. Key species mentioned include Lavandula vera for lavender oil, Mentha piperita for peppermint oil, and various others with medicinal and culinary applications.

1. FAMILY LAMIACEAE (MINT FAMILY)
SUBMITTED BY MARYAM MUNEER
Roll no. 0206-BS-BOT-22
GCU LAHORE, PAKISTAN.

2. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Tracheobionta
Divison Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Subclass Asteridae
Order Lamiales
Family Lamiaceae

3. DISTRIBUTION
This is a large family containing about 200
genera and 3200 species of worldwide
distribution growing under great variety of
soil and climate but abundant in
Mediterranean and hill regions.

4. HABIT
They are annual or perenial herbs,
sometimes shrubs and rarely trees. In
warmer climates plants become shrubby.
Certain plants are xerophtyes with
extremely reduced leaves or erect perenial
marsh plants i.e. Scutellaria. A few
species are climber ,but it is very rare.
They are often aromatic. Oscimum
sanctum, Oscimum basilicum, Coleus
aromaticus are herbs. Oscimum
gratissimum and Meriandra begalensis
are shrubs and Brazilian genus Hyptis
and Indian genus Leucoseptrum are trees.
ROOT
Tap or branched rarely adventitious.

5. STEM
Herbaceous or woody as in tree members,
glandular pubescent, erect sometimes
prostate and with sucker as in Mentha
viridis. The young shoots are quadrangular.
LEAVES
Leaves are simple, opposite, hairy,
exstipulate, have reticulate
vennation decussate or whorled as in
Oscimum and having an aromatic smell due
to the presence of aromatic glands. The
margin of the laef may be entire, toothed,
lobed as in Leonurus or finely dissected as
in Salvia.

6. Infloresence
Infloresence is usually
Verticillaster, sometimes may
be raceme or spike i.e.
Prunella, Teucrium or a head
like i.e. Hyptis and Lamium
and rarely sollitary as in
Scutellaria.

7. FLOWER
Complete, hermaphrodite, pentamerous,
hypogynous mostly zygomorphic rarely
actinomorphic e.g in Mentha, Elshotzia.
CALYX
Sepals 5, gamosepalous and have
persistant calyx. The sepals are inferior,
campanulate or tubular sometimes
bilibiate as in Thymus, Salvia.
Aestivation may be valvate, imbricate or
rarely quincuncial.

8. COROLLA
Petals 5, gamopetalous,bilipped. The
corolla tube is straight or bent and widen
towards the mouth. They have
tetramerous corolla and have imbricate
aestivation.

9. Androecium
Stamens 4,epipetalous, didynamous
or reduced to 2. The fifth posterior
stamen is usually absent or rarely
developed.
Gynoecium
Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary
tetralobed, ovary superior,
quadrilocular ovule in each loculus,
style gynobasic, stigma bilobed.
Placentation is axile.

10. FRUIT
Usually schizocarpous, sometimes a drupe.
SEEDS
Exalbuminous or with scaly endosperm.
POLLINATION
Entamophilous i.e. through the agency of
insects.

12. FLORAL
FORMULA

13. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Economically, the members of the Labiatae are of importance as the source of volatile
aromatic oils and several are cultivated as ornamentals.
Lavandula vera yields "lavender oil', Mentha piperita 'peppermint oil', Rosmarinus
officinalis yields 'rosemary oil and Thymus serpyllum 'thyme oil'.
The fruits of Lycopus europaeus produce a green dye. Ocimum kilmandscharicum is raised
for camphore
Some herbs are in great demand for the flavour or aroma imparted to foods. These include
Majorana hortensis (Mediterranean), Marruhbium vulgare (Canaries to Central Asia),
Melissa officinalis, Mentha arvensis, M. spicata, Origanum vulgare, Thymas vulgaris etc.
Stachys sieboldii is grown for edible tubers and so is Coleus parviflours.

14. The tubers of C. rotundifolius are consumed as a potato substitute.
A few plants are used in medicines such as Hyssopus officinalis (zufah), Leonurus
cardiaca (lions ear/ lions tail), Oscimum basilicum (Niazboo), Stachys officinalis etc.
Some plants are grown as ornamental e.g. Coleus, Dracocephalum, Lamium, Melissa,
Molucella, Monarda, Nepta, Phlomis, Salivia and others.