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Lamiaceae & nyctaginaceae

The document describes the systematic position and characteristics of the plant families Lamiaceae and Nyctaginaceae. It provides the division, subclass, order, and other taxonomic ranks. Key characteristics include opposite leaves, bilabiate flowers, four stamens, and schizocarpic fruits. Example genera discussed are Ocimum, Salvia, and Mirabilis. Some species have medicinal uses or are grown as ornamentals.

Science◦
Submitted by, G SELVAM BOTANY,BHARA THIDSAN,UNIVE RSITY TRICHY
SYSTEMATIC POSITION DIVISION : Spermatophyta SUB-DIVISION : Phanerogams CLASS : Dicotyledons SUB-CLASS : Gameopetalae SERIES : Bicarpellate ORDER : Lamiales FAMILY : Lamiaceae The family Lamiaceae is populary known as the mint family
1. Ocimum sanctum 2. Mentha uiridis 3. Anisomeles indica 4. Leucas aspera 5. Salvia officinalis 21 3 4 5
 The plants are usually herbs or shrubs.  The stem is quadrangular.  The leaves are simple, exstipulate, opposite & aromatic.  Inflorescence is thyrsus or verticillaster.  Flowes are bisexual, irregular, zygomorphic & hypogynous.  Calyx consists of 5 sepals, gemosepalous. Aestivation is imbricate or valvate  Corolla is bilabiate. It consists of 5 fused petals in imbricate aestivation. Characters of Lamiaceae
 Androecium consists 4 stamens. Stamens are epipetalous & didynamous.  Anther are dithecous, longitudinal slits.  Gynoecium is bicarpellay, syncarpous & tetralocular.  Ovary is superior. ovule is axile placentation.  Fruit is schizocarp.  Seed is non-endospermic .
 The family Lamiaceae includes about 200 genera with 3,200 species in india.  This family represented by about 400 species in world wide distribution.  The members of this family are found both in tropical and temperate climates.  Wild species occur in hills.
Systematic position DIVISION : Spermatophyta SUB-DIVISION : Phanerogams CLASS : Dicotyledons SUB-CLASS : Gameopetalae SERIES : Bicarpellatae ORDER : Lamiales FAMILY : Lamiaceae GENUS : Ocimum SPECIES : sanctum
Habit:  A perennial herb with typical aromatic smell. Stem:  Erect, branched, quadrangular, somewhat woody, solid, branches covered with soft hairs. Leaf:  Simple, opposite, short petioled, exstipulate, unicostate reticulate venation.
Inflorescence:  Verticillaster, & dichasial cyme Flower: Pedicellate, bracteate, zygomorphic, purple in colour, hypogynous. Calyx:  5 sepals, gamosepalous, bilabiate, petaloid (purple coloured), imbricate aestivation.
Corolla:  5 petals, gamopetalous, bilabiate, corolla tube short, upper lip four lobed, lower lip large, imbricate aestivation, inferior. Androecium:  4 stamens, polyandrous, didynamous, epipetalous, fifth posterior stamen completely suppressed, dorsifixed.
Gynoecium:  2 carpels (bicarpellary), syncarpous, ovary bilocular in early stage but becomes tetralocular in later stage, ovary superior, four chambered, axile placentation, single ovule in each loculus, gynobasic style (i.e., it arises from the base of the ovary), stigma bifid. Fruit:  Schizocarpic  Seed: seed is ex-albuminous with two flat cotyledons
 Ocimum sanctum : medicinal used in the treatment of malaria & stomach ache  Salvia officinalis : it’s used as perfumes  Ocimum gatissimum: is an aromatic ornamental plant. Seed are used for headache  Lavandula angustifolia : extract from lavender oil used in perfumes
NYCTAGINACEAE
DIVISION : Magnoliophyta SUB-DIVISION : spermatophyta CLASS : Magnoliopsida SUB-CLASS : Caryophyllidea ORDER : Caryophllales FAMILY : Nyctaginaceae
 1. Mirabilis jalapa  2. Boerhaavia diffusa  3. Bougainvillea glabra  4. Oxybaphus sps  5. Pisonia aculeata 1 2 3 4 5
 Habit: Herb, shrub or or trees.  Root: Tap root, branched.  Stem: Herbaceous or woody, erect or even climbing e.g. Bougainvillea.  Leaf: Alternate or opposite, simple, exstipulate.  Inflorescence: Cymose or dichasial cyme  Flower : Stamens or pistil, hypogynous, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic
 Perianth: Tepals 4-5, gamophyllous, tubular with wide spreading lobes, imbricate or twisted aestivation.  Androecium: Stamens variable 2 to 20, free, usually 5 to 8 or equal to number of petals, filaments of unequal lengths.  Gynoecium: One carpel, superior ovary, unilocular with a single basal ovule; style long.  Fruit: Dry & indehiscent.  Seed: Small, non-endospermic.  Pollination: Entomophilous.
 Nyctaginaceae family is called as Four O’clock family.  It includes 30 genera and 300 species according to Rendle.  It is widely distributed in tropical and temperature and warmer parts of the world.  Reason to call this family as four o’clock- that the flowers in certain members of the group (Mirabilis) open in greatest numbers in late afternoon.
DIVISION : Magnoliophyta SUB-DIVISION : spermatophyta CLASS : Magnoliopsida SUB-CLASS : Caryophyllidea ORDER : Caryophllales FAMILY : Nyctaginaceae GENUS : Mirabilis SPECIES : jalapa
 Habit: Large perennial herbs.  Root: Tap and branched.  Stem: Erect, aerial, herbaceous or somewhat woody, branched, cylindrical, pinkish green, swollen nodes.  Leaves: Opposite, petiolate, simple, entire, ex-stipulate, net veined, opposite leaves of pair unequal in size.
 Inflorescence: Cymose, dichasial cyme are present  Flower: Pedicellate, bracteate, 5 sepaloid bracts, hermaphrodite, actionomorphic, complete, hypogynous.  Perianth: 5 tepals, petaloid, imbricate or twisted, connate in a funnel shaped or tubular.
 Androecium: 5 stamens, alternate to tepals, filaments unequal, anther dithecous, basifixed, introrse.  Gynoecium: Single carpel, ovary free, superior, unilocular, basal placentation, single basal erect ovule.  Fruit: Indehiscent. Floral formula:
 1. Medicinal: Boerhaavia diffusa’s root is also used in asthma, anemia, jaundice.  2. Ornamental: Mirabilis jalapa, Bougainvillea, Abronia. Pisonia aculeata is a hedge plant.
Lamiaceae & nyctaginaceae