The document summarizes key aspects of several orders within the asterid clade of flowering plants. It describes diagnostic features, examples, and distributions for representative families within the orders of Garryales, Boraginales, Gentianales, Lamiales, and Solanales. These include trees, shrubs, herbs and vines with opposite, whorled or spiral leaves, and flowers ranging from bilateral to radial symmetry. Fruits include capsules, berries, drupes and schizocarps.

2. Carlemanniaceae Sphenocleaceae Calceolariaceae Solanceae Byblidaceae Montiniaceae Bignoniaceae Hydroleaceae Acanthaceae Convolvulaceae 4. Lamiales 5. Solanales Rubiaceae Verbenaceae Loganiaceae Tomandersiaceae Gentianaceae Tetrachondraceae Gelsemiaceae Stilbaceae Apocynaceae Scrophulariaceae 3. Gentianales Schlegiaceae Hydrophyllaceae Plocospermataceae Hoplestigmataceae Plantaginaceae Ehretiaceae Phyrmaceae Boraginaceae Pedaliaceae 2. Boraginales Paulowniaceae Vahliaceae Orobanchaceae Oncothecaceae Oleaceae Metteniusaceae Martyniaceae Icacinaceae Linderniaceae Unplaced Taxa Lentibulariaceae Garryaceae Lamiaceae Eucommiaceae Gesneriaceae 1. Garryales LAMIIDS

3. -Also called Lamiids which are monophyletic group of five orders; Garryales Boraginales Gentianales Lamiales Solanales Eusaterids I

4. Order Garryales (2 families) Family Garryaceae (Silk-Tassel) Western North America and CA local medicinal uses and occasional cultivation as an ornamental. Dioecious trees and Shrubs Leaves are simple, opposite decussate and exstipulate Inflorescence is axillary, pendant, thyrsoid catkin with bract Diagnostic Features: Pendant Catkin, flowers of 4-merous with uniseriate perianth and gynoecioum 2-3 carpellate, unilocular ovary, dry berry

5. Aucuba japonica Garrya elliptica Garrya fremontii Eucommia ulmoides Euasterids I

6. Order Boraginales (4 Families) Family Boraginaceae (Borage) Worldwide distribution 142-148 genera & 2450-2740 species. Medicinal/herbal supplements , dyes, and ornamentals Leaves are simple, spiral, opposite, exstipulate. Flowers are bisexual Endospermous seeds Diagnostic features: Hirsute or hispid vestiture, a scorpioid cyme, Actinomorphic, Sympetalous, fruits are drupe, capsule schizocarp

7. Heliotropium ellipticum Lithospermum ruderale Echium wildpretii Anchusa officinalis

8. Cynoglossum grande Heliotropium amplexicaule Source: http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/boragin.htm Euasterids I

9. Order Gentianales (5 families) Family Apocynaceae (Dogbane/Milkweed) Worldwide Distribution, tropical 380-415 genera/ 4555-4700 species Ornamentals, medicinal, timber, fiber, dye, rubber, poison Inflorescence Cyme, raceme, or of solitary flowers Diagnostic features: Lianas, shrubs, trees or herbs, milky latex, Leaves opposite or whorled, entire or vestigial flowers regular, sympetalous, bisexual Fragrant with 5-merous perianth (Convolute) and androecium gynostegium, anthers fused, stigmas connate Fruit follicles or schizocarp, seeds with silky hair

10. Plumiera acutifolia Allamanda cathartica Asclepias tuberosa Hoya luzonica

11. Asclepias tuberosa Source: http://www.missouriplants.com/Redalt/Asclepias_tuberosa_page.html

12. Order Gentianales (5 families) Family Gentianaceae (Gentian) Worldwide distribution 85-87 genera/1600-1675 species Ornamentals, timber Stems are pachycaulus, achlorophyllous, mycotrophic Diagnostic features: 4-5 merous perianth/androecium Nectary pits on corolla lobes and disc on glands at ovary base, superior, carpellate parietal placentation Septicidal capsule or berry

13. Gentiana linearis Gentiana lutea Chironia linoides Gentiana cruciata

14. Order Gentianales (5 families) Family Rubiaceae (Madder or Coffee) Worldwide distribution, tropical 563-611 genera/10,900-13150 species Source of quinine, coffee, yohimbine, timber, dye, ornamental Diagnostic features: Trees , shrubs, lianas, or herbs Leaves opposite (Decussate) or whorled, simple usually entire. Connate stipules with mucilage-secreting colleters Cyme, rarely of solitary flowers Inferior ovary Apical nectary disc Capsule, berry or drupe or schizocarp

15. Gomphocarpus physocarpus Coffea arabica Mussaenda philippica Morinda citrifolia Euasterids I

16. Order Lamiales (21-23 families) Family Acanthaceae (Acanthus) Distributed from tropics to temperate regions 212-229 genera/3175-4000 species Ornamentals Drought-resistant terrestrial or aquatic herbs shrubs or rarely trees Distinct features: Leaves opposite decussate with cyctoliths Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, bracteate or bracteoles, 2-lipped Inflorescence cyme, raceme, or solitary flowers fruit a capsule with seeds borne on small hook-like outgrowth ( funicular retinacula )

17. Pachystachys lutea Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Ruellia tuberosa Barleria obtusa

18. Order Lamiales (21-23 families Family Bignoniaceae (Bignonia) Distributed in Tropical and some in temperate 82-110/ 800 species Timber and ornamental cultivars Diagnostic features: Trees, shrubs, or vines with opposite leaves, pinnate or ternate Cyme, raceme or solitary flowers Zygomorphic often bilabiate Superior ovary, 2-carpellate with axile or parietal placentation Fruit capsule with flat-winged exalbuminous seeds

19. Tecoma stans Spathodea campanulata Campsis radicans Jacaranda mimosaefolia

20. Order Lamiales (21-23 families) Family Lamiaceae (Mint or Cablin) Distributed worldwide 236-238 genera/6500-7170 species Medicinal plants, culinary herbs, fragrance, ornamentals Distinct features: Shrubby or herbaceous plants with square-shaped stems Leaves simple, opposite and decussate With hairs and glands with aromatic fragrance and ethereal oils Flowers bisexual, irregular (bilabiate) gynobasic style

21. Lavandula stoechas Leonurus cardiaca Ocimum sanctum Mentha spicata

22. Order Lamiales (21-23 families) Family Oleaceae (Olive) Distributed worldwide 24 genera/ 615-800 species Timbers, oils, scent/perfume/ ornamentals Diagnostic feature: Deciduous evergreen shrubs or climbers Indumentum-scale like peltate hair Leaves trifoliate or pinnate opposute Superior ovary with 2 fused carpels, anatropous ovules Flowers bisexual usually in 4s Dichasial cyme

23. Jasminum officinale Jasminum polyanthum Jasminum sambac Source: http://www.gardening.eu/plants/Climber-plants/Jasminum-sambac/3424/

24. Order Lamiales (21-23 families) Family Plantaginaceae (Plantain/speedwell) Distributed worldwide 101 genera/1700-1900 species Included Callitrichaceae, Globulariaceae, Plantaginaceae Distinct features: Herbs, rarely shrubs Leaves spiral tow whorled, flowers bisexual or unisexual with 3-5 connate sepals and petals Superior to inferior ovary Inflorescence head, raceme, thyrse, or solitary flowers 1-2 carpellate Capsule, achene, berry, schizocarp of nutlets

25. Angelonia gardneri Hebe vernicosa Penstemon whippleanus Penstemon secundiflorus

26. Order Lamiales (21-23 families) Family Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) Distributed worldwide 54-65 genera/1700-1800 species Local medicinal plants, timber, ornamentals Diagnostic features: Tress, shrubs, or herbs with opposite or spiral leaves and usually zygomorphic flowers Superior ovary, 2 carpellate, axile placentation Inflorescence a speke, raceme, thyrse Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe

27. Galvezia ballii Collinsia parviflora Source: http://wildflowerswest.org/wildflowers_blue_purple_page_7.htm?thumb1093

28. Order Lamiales (21-23 families Family Verbenaceae (Verbena or Molave) Distributed in tropical regions (esp. South America) 34-35 genera/ 1150-1175 species Timbers, flavoring, medicinal, oils, beverages, ornamentals Diagnostic features: Aromatic trees, shrubs, lianas or herbs Leaves opposite, entire or divided Flowers irregular, bisexual, racemose or cymose Corolla tubular with 4 lobes and stamens Superior ovary and with locule with false septa Fruit is a schizocarp or drupe

29. Lantana camara Clerodendrum thomsoniae Vitex negundo Petrea volubilis Euasterids I

30. Order Solanales (5 Families) Family Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory/Bindweed) Distributed worldwide 52-57 genera/ 1625-1650 species Ornamentals and food (staples) Diagnostic Features: Long trailing, twining stems (Dextrorse-twining) Leaves alternate and spiral, simple Flowers actinomorphic and sympetalous, bisexual with an involucre of bracts; Corolla involute aestivation and often infundibular Fruit dehiscent capsule

31. Ipomoea alba Ipomoea purpurea Turbina corymbosa Ipomoea batatas http://www.botany.wisc.edu/garden/UW-Botanical_Garden/Ipomoea_p.html

32. Order Solanales (5 Families) Family Solanaceae (Nightshade) Cosmopolitan Distribution many in Australia; Central and South America 91-102 genera/ 2450-2460 species Food, fumatory, medicinal, spices, ornamentals Diagnostic features: Herbs, shrubs trees or lianas with internal phloem, spiral leaves Flowers actinomorphic, 5-merous perianth (Plicate, often rotate) and androecium bicarpellate, syncarpous gynoecium numerous ovules per carpel Fruit capsule, drupe or berry

33. Petunia sp. Capsicum annum Nicotiana tabacum Solanum tuberosum Euasterids I