Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure that uses a flexible tube with a light and camera to examine the inside of the body. There are several types depending on the area, such as arthroscopy for joints, bronchoscopy for lungs, and colonoscopy for the colon. It can be used for diagnostic or surgical purposes to diagnose and treat conditions like tumors, ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease. The procedure involves inserting the endoscope through a small incision or body opening and using tools passed through it to collect tissue samples. It allows doctors to examine organs without large incisions and provides images on a monitor.

1. Endoscopy

2. What is Endoscopy?
It is a procedure used to
view and operate on
the internal organs and
vessels of the body.

3. Endoscopy is generally
mistaken for the test limited to
the digestive system alone.
However, endoscopy has a
wider scope.

4. ENDOSCOPY
Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a
person's digestive tract.
Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and
camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures
of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor.
Unlike many other medical imaging technique,
endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

5. Arthroscopy
for joints
Colonoscopy
for colon
Bronchoscopy
for lungs
What are the types of Endoscopy?
Based on the area investigated, endoscopy can be:
Upper GI
endoscopy

6. Hysteroscopy
for uterus
Laproscopy for
abdomen or pelvis
What are the types of Endoscopy?
Based on the area investigated, endoscopy can be:
Cystoscopy for
bladder

7. Surgical tool
Diagnostic tool
Why Endoscopy?
Endoscopy can be used either as a

8. Polyps (group of
Abnormal tissues)
Source of bleeding
Why Endoscopy?
Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat:
Inflammatory
Bowel disease

9. Tumors
Ulcers
Why Endoscopy?
Endoscopy is used to diagnose and treat:

10. How does it
work?

11. Endoscope
the doctor inserts a tool
called an endoscope into
a person’s body. Most
endoscopes are thin
tubes with a powerful
light and tiny camera at
the end.

12. • There are several types of endoscopes.
• The length and flexibility of the endoscope depends on the part of the
body the doctor needs to see.
 For example,
1. an endoscope that helps a doctor examine the joints is often rigid.
2. However, one used to view the inside of the colon is flexible.

13. Other tools used during an endoscopy
Typically, an endoscope has a channel through which the doctor
inserts tools to collect tissue or provide treatment. These tools
include:
Flexible forceps, a tool that looks like tongs, for taking a tissue
sample.
Biopsy forceps for removing a tissue sample or a suspicious growth.
Cytology brush for taking cell samples.
Suture removal forceps for removing stitches inside the body.

14. Types of endoscopy
Name of procedure Name of tool Area or organ viewed How endoscopereaches
target area
Arthroscopy Arthroscope Joints Inserted through a small
incision over the area to
be viewed
Bronchoscopy Bronchoscope Trachea (windpipe) and
bronchi of the lungs
Inserted through the
mouth
Colonoscopy Colonoscope Entire length of the colon
and large intestine
Inserted through the anus
Colposcopy Colposcope Vagina and cervix A speculum is inserted
into the vagina. The
colposcope is placed at
the opening of the vagina
but does not enter it.
Cystoscopy Cystoscope Inside of the bladder Inserted through the
urethra

15. The procedure
Step-1:
Sedatives are
administered

16. The procedure
Step-2:
Surgeon inserts an
endoscope to access
the target site through
• a small cut or

17. The procedure
Step-2:
Surgeon inserts an
endoscope to access
the target site through
• a small cut or
• a opening in the
body (nose, mouth or
rectum)

18. The procedure
Step-4:
Tissue samples are
collected by passing
surgical instruments
through the tube.

19. Latest techniques in
endoscopy
Capsule endoscopy –
A capsule with tiny
camera is swallowed
that transmits the images
as it passes through.

20. Latest techniques in
endoscopy
Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP) – Endoscopy and
x-ray are combined to treat
pancreatic and bile disease.

21. Latest techniques in
endoscopy
Chromoendoscopy –
Dyes are installed before
endoscopy to identify any
lesions.

22. Latest techniques in
endoscopy
Endoscopic ultrasound –
High frequency sound
waves are used to identify
the digestive system and
lung diseases.

23. Latest techniques in
endoscopy
Narrow band imaging –
Filtered light is used for
better visualization of
internal organs.

24. Capsule endoscopy
It is the latest technique
that uses small-sized
video capsule to examine
the digestive tract.

25. How capsule endoscopy works?
Sensors are attached on
the chest ans stomach area
with a data recorder
attached to a belt around
the waist.

26. How capsule endoscopy works?
Capsule that contains
camera is swallowed.

27. How capsule endoscopy works?
The swallowed capsule
transmits video images
to the data recorder.

28. How capsule endoscopy works?
The recorded images
are displayed on the
computer.

29. How capsule endoscopy works?
The capsule is naturally
passed from the body.

30. How long is the
procedure?
It is a daycare procedure
lasting for about
30 – 60 minutes.

31. How long is the procedure?
The patient stays in
recovery until the effect
of sedatives wear-off.

32. Before endoscopy
You are advised:
Not to eat or drink
12 hours before the
procedure

33. Before endoscopy
You are advised:
Avoid strenuous
activities.

34. After
endoscopy
It may require some
time to feel well enough
to go about your daily
business.

35. After
endoscopy
Contact your doctor
If any problem persists.

36. Why we need an endoscopy???
Endoscopy allows your doctor to visually examine an organ without
having to make a large incision.
Endoscopy is typically used to:
• help your doctor determine the cause of any abnormal symptoms
you’re having.
• remove a small sample of tissue, which can then be sent to a lab for
further testing; this is called an endoscopic biopsy.
• help your doctor see inside the body during a surgical procedure,
such as repairing a stomach ulcer, or removing gallstones or tumors.

37. Your doctor may order an endoscopy if
you’re having symptoms of any of the
following conditions:
 inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as
ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease
 stomach ulcer
 chronic constipation
 pancreatitis
 gallstones
 unexplained bleeding in the digestive tract
 tumors
 infections
 blockage of the esophagus
 gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
 unusual vaginal bleeding
 blood in your urine
 other digestive tract issues

38. LIMITATIONS
Compared with other parts of the digestive tract, the
small intestine is difficult for doctors to access. While a
camera-tipped tube slipped down the throat can get
images of the stomach and a tube inserted at the other
end of the tract reveals the large intestine, no such
device reaches into most of the small intestine. So,
doctors rely on externally generated images

39. RISKS
 The main risks are infection, over-sedation, perforation, or a tear of the stomach or
esophagus lining and bleeding. Although perforation generally requires surgery, certain
cases may be treated with antibiotics and intravenous fluids.
 Occasionally, the site of the sedative injection may become inflamed and tender for a
short time. This is usually not serious and warm compresses for a few days are usually
helpful.

40. TYPES OF ENDOSCOPY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GASTROSCOPY
COLONOSCOPY
LAPAROSCOPY
PROCTOSCOPY
CYSTOSCOPY
BRONCHOSCOPY
LARYNGOSCOPY
NASOPHARYNGOSCOPY

41. CONCLUSION
Endoscopy made the minimal blood loss surgery with
increased rate of healing and with less pain.
Endoscopy done because of patient expectations and the
gastroenterologist desire to provide the requested
service.
The thoracic surgery to remove a tumour located in the
thoracic cavity and able to thoroughly remove it by
using an endoscopy.

42. Thank you