thrombosis.pptx
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Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel that can obstruct blood flow. It occurs when there is an excess of clotting factors like platelets and fibrin that form a clot or embolism. Thrombosis is caused by Virchow's triad - hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, and stasis of blood flow. It can be classified as venous thrombosis affecting veins or arterial thrombosis affecting arteries. Prevention focuses on exercise, diet, checking blood pressure regularly, and using anticoagulants after surgery or travel. Treatment includes oral anticoagulants like warfarin as well as intravenous heparin or streptokinase for more severe cases
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Thrombosis.pptx
Thrombosis is a blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel or heart. It is caused by conditions that prevent normal blood flow or clotting. The main symptoms are pain and swelling in the affected area. Thrombosis can be arterial, occurring in arteries, or venous, occurring in veins. It requires treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications like pulmonary embolism. Blood thinners, clot-busting drugs, and sometimes surgery are used to treat thrombosis.
Perfusion
This document discusses various hemodynamic disorders of perfusion including hemorrhage, hyperemia, thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, toxemia of pregnancy, embolism, infarction, and cyanosis. It provides definitions, classifications, etiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and consequences for each disorder. Key points include definitions of bleeding types and locations, causes and effects of hyperemia and thrombosis, microthrombi formation in DIC and HUS, placental involvement in toxemia of pregnancy, types and migration of emboli, appearance and causes of infarction, and causes of abnormal hemoglobin levels and cyanosis.
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This document defines and describes different types of embolisms. It discusses pulmonary embolism which originates from deep vein thromboses. It also covers paradoxical embolism, fat embolism, air embolism, decompression sickness, amniotic fluid embolism, and hemorrhage. For each type, it provides details on causes, clinical presentations, and consequences.
thrombosis.pptx
The document discusses thrombosis (blood clots) and their formation. It states that thrombosis is primarily caused by endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow (stasis or turbulence), and hypercoagulability of the blood. Thrombi form in arteries at sites of endothelial injury or abnormal flow and contain platelets, while venous thrombi form in areas of stasis and contain more red blood cells. Over time, thrombi can propagate, embolize, dissolve, organize through recanalization, or degrade if infected.
6 hemodynamic disorders
1. Hemodynamic disorders involve changes in intravascular volume, pressure, or protein content that affect fluid movement across vessel walls and can cause edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, or shock.
2. Edema is increased fluid in tissues, caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, reduced plasma proteins, lymphatic obstruction, sodium retention, or inflammation.
3. Thrombosis is inappropriate blood clot formation from endothelial injury, blood stasis, or hypercoagulability per Virchow's triad, and thrombi can embolize or organize.
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heart-attack.ppt
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel or heart chamber that blocks normal blood flow. There are two main types - venous thrombosis in veins and arterial thrombosis in arteries. Thrombosis can be caused by injury, immobility, inherited disorders, cancer, and certain medications. Risk factors include older age, smoking, obesity, and family history. Symptoms depend on the location of the clot but may include pain, swelling, chest pain, or numbness. Treatment involves blood thinners and procedures to open blocked vessels to prevent complications like stroke and heart attack.
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The document discusses various hemodynamic disorders including edema, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, and shock. It defines each condition and describes their mechanisms and presentations. Edema is an accumulation of fluid in tissues and can be caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, lymphatic obstruction, or sodium retention. Hemorrhage is the leakage of blood from vessels, while thrombosis is the formation of a clot within vessels. Embolism occurs when a clot or other material travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel in another part of the body.
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Thrombosis.pptx
Thrombosis is a blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel or heart. It is caused by conditions that prevent normal blood flow or clotting. The main symptoms are pain and swelling in the affected area. Thrombosis can be arterial, occurring in arteries, or venous, occurring in veins. It requires treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications like pulmonary embolism. Blood thinners, clot-busting drugs, and sometimes surgery are used to treat thrombosis.
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thrombosis.pptx
The document discusses thrombosis (blood clots) and their formation. It states that thrombosis is primarily caused by endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow (stasis or turbulence), and hypercoagulability of the blood. Thrombi form in arteries at sites of endothelial injury or abnormal flow and contain platelets, while venous thrombi form in areas of stasis and contain more red blood cells. Over time, thrombi can propagate, embolize, dissolve, organize through recanalization, or degrade if infected.
6 hemodynamic disorders
1. Hemodynamic disorders involve changes in intravascular volume, pressure, or protein content that affect fluid movement across vessel walls and can cause edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, or shock.
2. Edema is increased fluid in tissues, caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, reduced plasma proteins, lymphatic obstruction, sodium retention, or inflammation.
3. Thrombosis is inappropriate blood clot formation from endothelial injury, blood stasis, or hypercoagulability per Virchow's triad, and thrombi can embolize or organize.
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heart-attack.ppt
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel or heart chamber that blocks normal blood flow. There are two main types - venous thrombosis in veins and arterial thrombosis in arteries. Thrombosis can be caused by injury, immobility, inherited disorders, cancer, and certain medications. Risk factors include older age, smoking, obesity, and family history. Symptoms depend on the location of the clot but may include pain, swelling, chest pain, or numbness. Treatment involves blood thinners and procedures to open blocked vessels to prevent complications like stroke and heart attack.
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The document discusses various hemodynamic disorders including edema, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, and shock. It defines each condition and describes their mechanisms and presentations. Edema is an accumulation of fluid in tissues and can be caused by increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, lymphatic obstruction, or sodium retention. Hemorrhage is the leakage of blood from vessels, while thrombosis is the formation of a clot within vessels. Embolism occurs when a clot or other material travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel in another part of the body.
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This document provides a summary of various pathologies related to blood circulation. It discusses edema, hyperemia, ischemia, hemorrhage, thrombosis, and embolism. It defines these terms and describes their causes, classifications, and clinical significance. For example, it explains that edema is the accumulation of tissue fluid, and discusses different types like traumatic or inflammatory edema. It also covers topics like venous plethora, arterial hyperemia, ischemia, mechanisms of bleeding, classifications of hematomas, blood stasis, classifications of thrombi, and outcomes of thrombosis.
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1. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within the circulatory system of a living organism. It is caused by endothelial injury, changes in blood flow, and hypercoagulability according to Virchow's triad.
2. Thrombi form in arteries and veins, and can cause obstruction, ischemia, infarction, or embolization if parts break off. Common sites are the legs, lungs, heart, and brain.
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Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. It can occur in veins or arteries. Venous thrombosis leads to congestion while arterial thrombosis affects blood supply. Treatment depends on the location and severity, and may include antiplatelets like aspirin, anticoagulants like warfarin, and fibrinolytic drugs to dissolve clots. Investigation involves tests like Doppler ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to locate clots and determine treatment approach.
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Hemodynamic disorders can cause thrombosis through inappropriate activation of hemostasis. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within an intact blood vessel or thrombotic occlusion after minor injury. It results from endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, or hypercoagulability. Thrombi can propagate and occlude vessels, embolize to obstruct other sites, or dissolve. Complications include pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Hemodynamic disorder
Hemodynamic disorders affect the heart and blood vessels and include conditions like edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage and thrombosis. Thrombosis involves blood clot formation within intact vessels and can develop due to endothelial injury, alterations in normal blood flow like stasis and turbulence, and hypercoagulability of the blood, as described by Virchow's triad. Endothelial injury, turbulence and stasis promote activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells, while hypercoagulability refers to genetic or acquired alterations that increase coagulation and the risk of clots.
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Blood/Platelets/Blood Clotting/Blood Groups
Platelets
Disc-shape cell fragment with no nucleus
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Platelet plugs
Promoting formation and contraction of clots
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myeloid stem cells eventually become megakaryocytes whose cell fragments form platelets.
Short life span (5 to 9 days in bloodstream)
They are formed in bone marrow.
They remain few days in circulating blood.
Aged ones are removed by fixed macrophages in liver and spleen.
Normal count: 2-4 lacs per mm3 of blood.
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THROMBOSIS.pptx
Thrombosis is the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels. There are two main types: arterial clots which form in the arteries, and venous clots which form in the veins. Blood clots can obstruct blood flow and cause complications such as pulmonary embolism, stroke, or heart attack if they move to other parts of the body. Risk factors include older age, smoking, cancer, prolonged bed rest, and hereditary conditions. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and bloodwork to detect clotting markers. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, blood thinners, and in severe cases thrombolytic drugs or surgery to remove clots.
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The document discusses coagulation, the process by which blood clots. More than 30 cells and substances affect clotting, which is initiated by platelets and involves a complex series of reactions converting fibrinogen into fibrin to form a clot. Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel or heart, partially or completely blocking blood flow. Causes of clotting include the blood composition, vessel wall injuries, and blood flow issues. Clots are classified as venous, such as deep vein thrombosis, or arterial, like those causing strokes and myocardial infarctions when coronary arteries suddenly clog.
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This document provides a summary of various pathologies related to blood circulation. It discusses edema, hyperemia, ischemia, hemorrhage, thrombosis, and embolism. It defines these terms and describes their causes, classifications, and clinical significance. For example, it explains that edema is the accumulation of tissue fluid, and discusses different types like traumatic or inflammatory edema. It also covers topics like venous plethora, arterial hyperemia, ischemia, mechanisms of bleeding, classifications of hematomas, blood stasis, classifications of thrombi, and outcomes of thrombosis.
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Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. It can occur in veins or arteries. Venous thrombosis leads to congestion while arterial thrombosis affects blood supply. Treatment depends on the location and severity, and may include antiplatelets like aspirin, anticoagulants like warfarin, and fibrinolytic drugs to dissolve clots. Investigation involves tests like Doppler ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to locate clots and determine treatment approach.
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Disc-shape cell fragment with no nucleus
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Platelet plugs
Promoting formation and contraction of clots
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Platelets form in bone marrow by following steps:
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Normal count: 2-4 lacs per mm3 of blood.
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thrombosis.pptx
- 1. Thrombosis
- 2. Definition • Formation of blood clot inside blood vessel. • Obstructing blood flow through the circulatory system. • Cause serious complications to brain/lungs.
- 3. How it occurs • Two components : Aggregated platelets form platelet plug Mesh of cross-linked fibrin protein When body produce excessive clotting factors like platelets and Fibrin, it forms an embolus that moves around the blood stream and obstruct the flow of blood.
- 4. Causes of Thrombosis • Virchow's triad. 3 Reasons : • Hypercoagulability : By genetic deficiencies/autoimmune disorders. • Endothelial injury : Injury to the vessel's wall such as trauma, surgery, infection. • Stasis of blood flow.
- 5. Classification of Thrombosis Venous thrombosis • Deep vein thrombosis • Portal vein thrombosis • Renal vein thrombosis • Jugular vein thrombosis • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Arterial thrombosis • Stroke • Myocardial infarction • Other sites
- 6. Natural History If thrombus forms inside blood vessel, then possible outcomes: Embolisation Lysis Ischaemia Organisation
- 7. Prevention (DVT) • Everyday Living : – Exercise regularly – Eating a low-fat, high-fiber diet – Check Bp once a year. – Drink plenty of fluids, but avoid coffee & alcohol. • After Surgery : – Anticoagulants (Heparin, Warfarin) • When Traveling – Stretch legs. – Flex feet. – Press toes down.
- 8. Treatment • Warfarin and Vitamin K antagonists can be taken orally. • For more effectiveness heparin can be given by IV injection. • Streptokinase can be administered IV.