Sir Ebenezer Howard was the founder of the garden city movement. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which proposed the creation of new towns surrounded by greenbelts that blended the benefits of urban and rural living. The first garden cities built based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s. Garden cities emphasized planned development, environmental quality, and strong community.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
This presentation will provides you how the garden cities by Ebenezer were planned and designed how important the environment is and also the ideas of Ebenezer Howard.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
This presentation will provides you how the garden cities by Ebenezer were planned and designed how important the environment is and also the ideas of Ebenezer Howard.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years.
Wrightt believed in designing in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture.
This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture. As a founder of organic architecture, Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works.
There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City. All important transport is done by automobile, and the pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines of the one-acre (0.40-hectare) plots where most of the population dwells.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
CLARENCE ARTHUR PERRY, Clarence Arthur Perry (1872 – September 6, 1944) was an American urban planner. WHAT IS A NEIGHBOURHOOD?ORIGIN OF NEIGHBOURHOODWHAT WAS THE NEED OF PLANNING A NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT?
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years.
Wrightt believed in designing in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture.
This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture. As a founder of organic architecture, Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works.
There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City. All important transport is done by automobile, and the pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines of the one-acre (0.40-hectare) plots where most of the population dwells.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
CLARENCE ARTHUR PERRY, Clarence Arthur Perry (1872 – September 6, 1944) was an American urban planner. WHAT IS A NEIGHBOURHOOD?ORIGIN OF NEIGHBOURHOODWHAT WAS THE NEED OF PLANNING A NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT?
A technical approach to designing earthquake resistant buildings. Contains a brief overview of why a structure fails, building foundation problems and what are the possible solutions
This slide show depicts how rainwater harvesting has been accommodated in policy and legislation in India and specifically in the state of Karnataka. It gives example of projects in rural areas and in the city of Bangalore.
The term “Vernacular architecture” in general refers to the informal building of structures through traditional building methods without using the services of a professional architect. It is the most widespread form of building .
Vernacular architecture has been growing over time with continuities changes, transformations and adaptations to the different social and economic conditions of each period.
Earthquake resistant building constructiondaspriyabrata3
1 INTRODUCTION
2 EARTHQUAKE THEORY
3 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE AND ENERGY
4 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES
5 MAJOR EARTHQUAKES
6 NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES AND THEIR ESTIMATED
MAGNITUDE
7 HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION IS
DIFFERENT
8 SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
9 EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
10 ROLES OF FLOOR AND MASONRY WALLS SLABS
11 STRENGTH HIERARCHY
12 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING
13 EARTHQUAKE DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
14 REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES
15 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK(RHCBM)
16 STRUCTURAL FEATURES
17 STRUCTURAL ADVANTAGES
18 CONSTRUCTIONAL ADVANTAGES
19 ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER ADVANTAGES
20 STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE COST ECONOMICS OF RHCBM
21 MID-LEVEL ISOLATION 32-34
22 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE BUILDING USING SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS WITH SLIDING ON CONCAVE SURFACE
23 DESCRIPTION
24 CONCEPT OF FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING
25 SLIDING PENDULUM SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM
26 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
27 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
28 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
29 ESTIMATION
30 CONCLUSION
31 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Introduction to Site Planning. These slides should be able to provide urban planners a simple guide to factors and issues to consider in planning a a site. These slides were prepared for urban design class for masters students in Makerere University Kampala ( Uganda)
Kevyn introduced a concept of planning that was the base for understanding and visualising The Planning Aspects; important for the budding planners.
The presentation initiates the same understanding and invokes a means for better understanding of 'Planning'.
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The garden city introduced the use of green belts that have served many uses including the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management.
Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
Garden City Concept,
Definition,
Components of garden city,
Features of garden city,
Concept of garden City,
garden city Principles,
Three magnets,
garden city movement,
PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY,
FEATURES OF GARDEN CITY,
Walwyn , Garden City,
Pictorial Views of Garden city,
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
• Sir Ebenezer Howard born as the son
of a shopkeeper in the City of London
on 29th
of January 1850.
• After schooling, he took on a number
of clerical posts.
• In 1871, he emigrated to the frontier country
of America to become a Farmer.
• He subsequently spent four years living in Chicago,
witnessing it’s rebuilding following the great fire.
• It was during this time, he began to contemplate
ways to improve cities.
• Sir Ebenezer Howard the English founder
of the garden city movement, is known for
his publication To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to
Real Reform (1898), the description of a
utopian city in which people live
harmoniously together with nature.
• This book offered a vision of towns free of
slumps and enjoying the benefits of both
town (such as opportunity, amusement and
high wages) and country (such as beauty,
fresh air and low rents )
TO-MORROW
3. GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT: The Origin –
•Howard was heavily influenced by the utopian visions of
Edward Bellamy and his publication Looking Backward
(1888).
•Sir Ebenezer Howard is known for his publication Garden
Cities of To-morrow (1898), the description of a utopian city
in which people live harmoniously together with nature.
•The ideas put forth in To-morrow were a synthesis of his
personal experiences and the works of others.
•The publication resulted in the founding of the garden city
movement, that realized several Garden Cities in Great Britain
at the beginning of the 20th century.
•The first garden cities proposed were Letchworth and
Welwyn in 1903 and 1920 respectively.
• Strong community
• Ordered development
• Environmental quality
Core garden city principles
4. GARDEN CITIES OF TOMORROW : THE BOOK –
• This book offered a vision of towns free of
slums and enjoying the benefits of both
town (such as opportunity, amusement
and good wages) and country (such as
beauty, fresh air and low rents).
• He illustrated the idea with his famous
Three Magnets diagram which addressed
the question 'Where will the people go?',
the choices being 'Town', 'Country' or
'Town-Country'.
• It proposed the creation of new suburban
towns of limited size, planned in advance,
and surrounded by a permanent belt of
agricultural land.
•These Garden cities were used as the
model for many suburbs.
•Howard believed that such Garden Cities
were the perfect blend of city and nature.
•The towns would be largely independent,
managed by the citizens who had an
economic interest in them, and financed by
ground rents on the Georgist model.
•The land on which they were to be built
was to be owned by a group of trustees and
leased to the citizens.
5. the three magnets diagram (below) makes three points:
- town life has good and bad characteristics
- country life has good and bad characteristics
- town-country life can have all the good things about
life in towns and life in the country - without any of
the bad things.
POSITIVE
ASPECTS
NEGATIVE
ASPECTS
• Social
opportun
ity.
• Closing
out of
nature.
• Isolation
of
crowds.
• High rents
& prices.
• Places of
amuseme
nt.
• Foul air
and Murky
sky.
• Chances
of
employm
ent.
• Slums &
gin
palaces.
• High
money
wages.
• Costly
drainage.
• Well-lit
streets.
TOWN
POSITIVE
ASPECTS
NEGATIVE
ASPECTS
• Beauty of
nature.
• Lack of
society
• Land lying
idle.
• Hands out
of work.
• Wood,
meadow,
forest.
• Trespasser
s beware.
• Fresh air. • Low
wages.
• Low rents. • Lack of
drainage.
• Abundanc
e of water.
• Lack of
amuseme
nt.
• Bright
sunshine.
• No public
spirit.
• Need for
reform.
COUNTRY
THE THREE MAGNETS - The People,
6. COMBINATION OF BOTH ASPECTS
Beauty of nature- peace all-over the places.
Social opportunity- cumulative growth.
Fields and parks of easy access- equal chances.
Low rents- high wages.
Low rates- plenty to do.
Low prices- no sweating.
Field for enterprise- flow of capital.
Pure air and water- good drainage.
Bright homes & gardens- no smoke, no slums.
Freedom- Co-operation.
TOWN-COUNTRY
7. GARDEN CITY PRINCIPLE
GARDEN CITY DATAS
• Central City:
Area: 12000 acres.
Population : 58000 people
• Agglomeration Cities:
Area: 9000 acres
Population: 32000 people
• Distance between central main
city
and the agglomeration: ~10km
.
Assumed data-
•A total of 6000 acre estate
•1000 acres, purely for the central
garden city as a home for 30000
people.
•Surrounding the central city 5000
Acres of land is retained for
agriculture and home for 2000
people, with cow pastures, farmlands,
and welfare services.
The original Garden City concept
by Ebenezer Howard, 1902.
8. • Circular city growing in a radial manner or pattern.
• Divided into six equal wards, by six main Boulevards that
radiated from the central park/garden.
• Civic institutions (Town Hall, Library, Hospital, Theatre,
Museum etc. ) are placed around the central garden.
• The central park enclosed by a crystal palace acts as an arcade
for indoor shops and winter gardens.
• The streets for houses are formed by a series of concentric
ringed tree lined avenues.
• Distance between each ring vary between 3-5km .
• A 420 feet wide , 3 mile long, Grand avenue which run in the
center of concentric rings , houses the schools and churches and
acts as a continuous public park.
CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT
• All the industries,
factories and warehouses
were placed at the
periferal ring of the city.
• The municipal railway
was placed in another
ring closer to the
industrial ring , so that
the pressure of excess
transport on the city
streets are reduced and
the city is connected to
the rest of the nation.
9. GARDEN CITY PRINCIPLE IN PRACTICEGARDEN CITY PRINCIPLE IN PRACTICE
• The first Garden City evolved out of
Howard’s principles is Letchworth
Garden City designed by Raymond
Unwin and Barry Parker in 1903.
• The second one to evolve was
Welwyn Garden City designed by
Louis de Soissons and Frederic
Osborn in 1920.
• Another example was Radburn
City designed by Clarence Stein and
Henry Wright in 1928.
10. LATCHWORTHLATCHWORTH
• Letchworth, officially Letchworth
Garden City, is a town
in Hertfordshire, England, with a
population of 33,600
• It was designed by Raymond
Unwin and Barry Parker.
• Letch worth – 35 miles from
London
• Land of 3822 acres
• Reserved Green belt- 1300 acres
• Designed for a maximum of 35000
population
• In 30 years – developed with
15000 population & 150 shops,
industries.
An Analysis
Latchworth Garden City- Arrangement
from top.
12. WELWYNWELWYN
• Welwyn Garden City is a town
within the Borough of Welwyn
Hatfield in Hertfordshire,
England.
• It is located approximately 19
miles from Kings Cross and 24
miles from London.
• On 29 April 1920 a company,
Welwyn Garden City Limited,
was formed to plan and build
the garden city, chaired by Sir
Theodore Chambers. Louis de
Soissons was appointed as
architect and town planner
and Frederic Osborn as
secretary.
.
An Analysis
Welwyn Garden City- Arrangement
from top.
•Land of 2378 acres
•Designed for a maximum of
40000 population
•In 15 years – developed with
10000 population & 50 shops,
industries.
13. • Personalization of
Homes in Welwyn
with varying
roofline, texture and
composition for each
house.
• Streets are designed
so as to give the
concept of a
Neighborhood
unit.
• Separation of the
pedestrian
walkways from the
main roads gives a
sense of natural
beauty.
• Open and green spaces
are Given on a large
scale.
14. RADBURN, NEW JERSEYRADBURN, NEW JERSEY
• Radburn was planned by architects Clarence Stein and Henry
Wright in 1928.
• It is America’s first garden community, serving as a world wide
example of the harmonious blending of private space and open area.
• Radburn provided a prototype for the new towns to meet the
requirements for contemporary good living.
• Radburn was designed to occupy one square mile of land and
house some 25,000 residents.
• However, the Great Depression limited the development to only 149
acres.
• Radburn created a unique alternative to the conventional suburban
development through the use of cul-de-sacs, interior
parklands, and cluster housing.
RADBURN CONSISTS OF-
• Residential areas
• 149 acres of interior parks,
• Walkways.
• 2 swimming pools,
• 4 tennis courts,
• 2 playgrounds,
• Archery plaza and a school,
• 2 outdoor basketball courts
• A community center, which houses
administrative offices, library,
gymnasium, clubroom and service
and maintenance areas.
15. Housing blocks
Plaza building the shoping cent
•Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City concept shows us a place where
genuine urban activities are carried at human scale.
•The garden city introduced the use of greenbelts that have
served many uses including the preservation of agricultural and
rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution
minimization, and growth management.
•Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social and
community dimensions.
•The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial
estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a
comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
CONCLUSION:-