The document provides information about various modern era town planners like Sir Patrick Geddes, Sir Ebenezer Howard, Clarence Stein, Sir Patrick Abercrombie, and Le Corbusier. It discusses their key contributions, including Geddes' concept of regional planning, Howard's garden city movement and three magnet diagram, Stein's neighborhood unit concept, Abercrombie's post-war planning of London and other cities, and Le Corbusier's design of Chandigarh. It also covers principles of neighborhood design and classification and distribution of settlements in India.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for high-tech and sustainable architecture. Some key points about his works and design philosophy:
- He believes architecture should enhance people's quality of life and accommodate technological changes over time.
- His designs emphasize natural light, energy efficiency, and flexible, adaptable spaces.
- Notable works include 30 St Mary Axe (London), known as "The Gherkin", which uses its curved, aerodynamic shape to reduce wind loads and maximize natural ventilation. His City Hall building in London also prioritizes sustainability through its spherical form.
Richard Meier is an American architect born in 1934 in New Jersey. He earned his architecture degree from Cornell in 1957. Some of his notable early works include a house for his parents in 1965 and the Smith House in 1967. He began designing larger projects in the 1970s, like the Bronx Developmental Center. Meier received the Pritzker Prize in 1984 for his contributions to architecture. His most famous work is the Getty Center in Los Angeles, which took 13 years to complete. Meier's architecture is characterized by its use of form, light, and materials like concrete and glass. He continues to design projects around the world today.
The famous American architect, Frank Lloyd Wright changed the way we build and the way we live. As an architect, Frank Lloyd Wright was known for many things, but perhaps his most famed characteristic was his exceptional attention to detail – in many of his projects, each furniture piece was designed specifically for its intended location.
Chapter 21 modernism in archtecture at mid-centuryPetrutaLipan
This document provides an overview of modern architecture in the mid-20th century. It discusses key modernist architects and their works, including Frank Lloyd Wright and his Fallingwater house, Le Corbusier and his Purist theory of architecture, and Mies van der Rohe's influence on the International Style of skyscrapers with glass and steel. The document also covers the spread of the International Style globally and experimental housing designs from figures like Charles and Ray Eames.
Frank Gehry is a renowned Canadian-American architect known for his innovative deconstructivist designs. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which helped revitalize the city through its distinctive titanium cladding and irregular forms. The Gehry House in Santa Monica employed corrugated metal, wood, and chain-link fencing to wrap around and expand an existing home. The Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, praised for its acoustics, features a vineyard-style seating configuration within wood-paneled walls and a Douglas fir ceiling. Gehry's organic, sculptural designs break from strict grids and push architectural boundaries through unconventional shapes and materials.
This document provides biographical and professional information on British architect Richard Rogers. It discusses his educational background and the founding of his firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. It highlights some of Rogers' most notable works and awards, including the Centre Georges Pompidou, Lloyd's building, and Millennium Dome. The document also summarizes Rogers' design philosophy which focuses on legibility, transparency, and creating compact, socially integrated cities. It then provides detailed descriptions and images of the innovative Lloyd's building in London and the massive Millennium Dome structure.
Modern architecture developed in reaction to 19th century styles by emphasizing form following function. New building types arose with industrialization like skyscrapers and warehouses using steel and concrete. Pioneers in the late 19th/early 20th century included Joseph Paxton, Louis Sullivan, and Otto Wagner. The Bauhaus school under Walter Gropius and figures like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe popularized the International Style using steel frames, flat roofs, and open floor plans. Notable modern buildings include the Guggenheim Museum, Seagram Building, and Sydney Opera House.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for high-tech and sustainable architecture. Some key points about his works and design philosophy:
- He believes architecture should enhance people's quality of life and accommodate technological changes over time.
- His designs emphasize natural light, energy efficiency, and flexible, adaptable spaces.
- Notable works include 30 St Mary Axe (London), known as "The Gherkin", which uses its curved, aerodynamic shape to reduce wind loads and maximize natural ventilation. His City Hall building in London also prioritizes sustainability through its spherical form.
Richard Meier is an American architect born in 1934 in New Jersey. He earned his architecture degree from Cornell in 1957. Some of his notable early works include a house for his parents in 1965 and the Smith House in 1967. He began designing larger projects in the 1970s, like the Bronx Developmental Center. Meier received the Pritzker Prize in 1984 for his contributions to architecture. His most famous work is the Getty Center in Los Angeles, which took 13 years to complete. Meier's architecture is characterized by its use of form, light, and materials like concrete and glass. He continues to design projects around the world today.
The famous American architect, Frank Lloyd Wright changed the way we build and the way we live. As an architect, Frank Lloyd Wright was known for many things, but perhaps his most famed characteristic was his exceptional attention to detail – in many of his projects, each furniture piece was designed specifically for its intended location.
Chapter 21 modernism in archtecture at mid-centuryPetrutaLipan
This document provides an overview of modern architecture in the mid-20th century. It discusses key modernist architects and their works, including Frank Lloyd Wright and his Fallingwater house, Le Corbusier and his Purist theory of architecture, and Mies van der Rohe's influence on the International Style of skyscrapers with glass and steel. The document also covers the spread of the International Style globally and experimental housing designs from figures like Charles and Ray Eames.
Frank Gehry is a renowned Canadian-American architect known for his innovative deconstructivist designs. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which helped revitalize the city through its distinctive titanium cladding and irregular forms. The Gehry House in Santa Monica employed corrugated metal, wood, and chain-link fencing to wrap around and expand an existing home. The Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, praised for its acoustics, features a vineyard-style seating configuration within wood-paneled walls and a Douglas fir ceiling. Gehry's organic, sculptural designs break from strict grids and push architectural boundaries through unconventional shapes and materials.
This document provides biographical and professional information on British architect Richard Rogers. It discusses his educational background and the founding of his firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners. It highlights some of Rogers' most notable works and awards, including the Centre Georges Pompidou, Lloyd's building, and Millennium Dome. The document also summarizes Rogers' design philosophy which focuses on legibility, transparency, and creating compact, socially integrated cities. It then provides detailed descriptions and images of the innovative Lloyd's building in London and the massive Millennium Dome structure.
Modern architecture developed in reaction to 19th century styles by emphasizing form following function. New building types arose with industrialization like skyscrapers and warehouses using steel and concrete. Pioneers in the late 19th/early 20th century included Joseph Paxton, Louis Sullivan, and Otto Wagner. The Bauhaus school under Walter Gropius and figures like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe popularized the International Style using steel frames, flat roofs, and open floor plans. Notable modern buildings include the Guggenheim Museum, Seagram Building, and Sydney Opera House.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for his high-tech and environmentally-conscious designs. Some of his most famous works include 30 St Mary Axe (nicknamed "The Gherkin") in London, which uses an unusual diamond shape and double-glazed skin to maximize natural light while minimizing energy usage. He also designed the Hong Kong International Airport, known for its innovative structural design, as well as the Hearst Tower in New York, featuring an unusual articulated structural expression of the building. Foster's designs are focused on sustainability and human experience, featuring natural ventilation, maximum use of light, and blending new and old architectural styles. He has received numerous awards and is considered one of the most influential architects
The Jewish Museum in Berlin was built between 1993-1998 on the site of the former Kollegienhaus, which previously housed the Jewish Museum. An international competition was held in 1989 to design the new museum dedicated to Jewish history. Daniel Libeskind's radical zigzag design, nicknamed 'Blitz', was selected. The empty museum was completed in 1999 and attracted over 350,000 visitors before opening in 2001. Libeskind's design uses voids and sharp angles to represent the violence and rupture in German-Jewish history.
The High Line in Manhattan was an abandoned elevated railway that was reused as an urban renewal project. Built in the 1930s, it fell into disuse by the 1980s. In the 2000s, Friends of the High Line advocated to preserve and reuse the structure as a public park. The project transformed the area, increasing property values and catalyzing new development. It proved successful by using various funding mechanisms and zoning incentives to develop in stages while protecting the rail infrastructure under federal rail banking policies.
The document discusses biophilic architecture, which aims to create environmentally friendly and energy efficient buildings through the effective use of natural resources. Biophilic design incorporates natural elements like sunlight, plants, and natural materials to positively influence human health and wellness. It works on the principle that humans have an innate connection with nature. The document outlines several biophilic design standards and concludes that biophilic and regenerative design can help conceive buildings that are better integrated with local ecosystems.
Mies van der Rohe was a pioneering German-American architect who helped define modern architecture in the 20th century. Some of his most notable works emphasized open space defined by an industrial framework of steel and glass, including the Barcelona Pavilion, Farnsworth House, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments, and Seagram Building. He believed architecture should express the modern age through a unified configuration of elements supporting an overall concept with attention to details.
The document discusses Frank Gehry's approach to architecture and some of his most famous works. It provides background on Gehry and describes how he views each building as a sculptural object that responds to its context. Some of his most iconic buildings highlighted include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which is clad in titanium, glass and limestone with curved and folded exterior walls, and the Dancing House in Prague, inspired by dancers Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire.
Presentation on Ar. Norman Foster in which explains there Biography, Awards, there Projects, Philosophy, Design Elements, and his Five major Project, Conclusion.
STUDY ON SCOPE OF PARAMETRIC SOFTWARES IN ARCHITECTUREAnganam
The document discusses the scope of parametric software in architecture. It begins with an introduction to parametric architecture and its significance. The aim and objectives are to study the evolution and existing possibilities of parametric architecture software compared to traditional CAD. The methodology and definitions are provided. The document then discusses the history of parametric architecture, existing parametric software capabilities, and potential for parametric urbanism. A case study of the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center is presented to illustrate the design process using parametric modeling. The distinctions between parametric and CAD software are analyzed. Finally, the merits, demerits and comparative analysis of parametric architecture are discussed along with conclusions and references.
American parks Landscape design Central park new york case studyAr.Farooqh A
Authors : Farooqh pasha , Dhanush Vinod
A landscape design analysis on american parks. and a case study on Central park, new york,USA. An architectural perspective.
Chicago’s architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago school.
In the history of architecture the first Chicago school was a school of architects . active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century .
They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial Buildings.
A “second Chicago school” with a modernist aesthetic emerged in the 1940’s through 1970’s.
Which pioneered new buildings technologies and structural system such as the tube-frame structure.
Frank Gehry is a renowned Canadian-American architect known for his expressive and sculptural designs. He was born in Toronto in 1929 and moved to Los Angeles in 1947. After studying architecture, he established his practice in Los Angeles in 1962. Gehry is known for using innovative materials and forms to create iconic buildings marked by curving shapes and metal panels. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto.
The document provides biographical information about architect Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi. It details that he was born in 1927 in Pune, India and received his bachelor's degree from J.J. School of Art in 1950. He then worked for four years with Le Corbusier in Paris. In 1956 he established his own private practice called Vastu-Shilpa in Ahmedabad. Some of his notable works include the Aranya Low-Cost Housing Township in Indore and the National Institute of Fashion Technology campus in New Delhi. Doshi's architecture is influenced by traditional Indian concepts and provides flexible, community-oriented designs.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect born in 1935 in Manchester, England. He received his master's degree from Yale University and established Foster and Partners in 1967. Some of his most notable designs include the Hearst Tower in New York City, 30 St. Mary Axe in London (nicknamed "The Gherkin"), and the new Wembley Stadium in London. Foster is inspired by synthesizing all elements of a building and utilizes new technologies in an environmentally-conscious way. He has received the AIA Gold Medal and Pritzker Architecture Prize for his contributions to the field.
The Unité d'Habitation in Marseille, France was Le Corbusier's first large-scale housing project completed in 1952. It consisted of 337 apartments spread across 18 floors designed with communal spaces like shops and a roof garden to encourage social interaction. The building used reinforced concrete and employed Le Corbusier's modular system to ensure proper human scale. It was an early example of high-density housing that influenced the Brutalist style through its use of exposed concrete construction.
modern, post-modern architects & their worksgarima23g
this presentation deals with the modern architecture- a few architects of modernist time and their famous works.
it also contains post-modern architecture and architects with their famous works.....!!
Presentation on architect zaha hadid and her workrenu rajbahak
This presentation summarizes the work of renowned architect Zaha Hadid. It discusses her biography, including being the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize. It then highlights some of her key works like the Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku. The presentation focuses on this center, describing its curved design, use of materials like concrete and glass, plans, exterior and interior features, and lighting and color schemes. It emphasizes how Hadid used fluid forms and innovative designs in all her works.
Moshe Safdie invented Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada as part of Expo 67, one of the world's largest world expositions, which focused on themes of housing and shelter. Habitat 67 consists of 354 interconnected prefabricated concrete housing units stacked in an innovative design, providing 146 residences between sky and earth. It took extensive planning, including over 4,000 drawings and models, to design and build Habitat 67 at a cost similar to constructing traditional townhouses.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect known for his organic architecture and philosophy of designing structures in harmony with humanity and nature. He was interested in urban planning throughout his career. His most ambitious plan was Broadacre City, proposed in the 1930s, which envisioned decentralized, automobile-oriented communities where each American family would be given one acre of land. Broadacre City was meant to be the antithesis of dense cities and exemplify Wright's vision of suburban living, but it remained primarily a theoretical concept that highlighted some realities of future urban sprawl and independent living. While never fully realized, Broadacre City reflected Wright's belief that technological changes would make large cities obsolete.
The Centre Pompidou in Paris, France is known for its innovative exposed structure and mechanical systems. Key elements include:
1) A large exposed steel structure and color-coded mechanical systems on the exterior create an "inside-out" design.
2) Flexible floorplates are created through a structural system of hollow steel columns, trusses, and cantilevered gerberette beams.
3) The structure utilizes 13 identical structural bays to create column-free interior spaces for its various museum, library, and exhibition functions.
The document discusses renowned architect Zaha Hadid and her influential philosophy and approach to architecture. It notes that she was one of the few architects to shape the direction of the entire field through her work. Hadid was known for her deconstructivist style that broke from traditional architecture through displaced and distorted forms. Her seminal works like the Vitra Fire Station and MAXXI museum featured gravity-defying, fragmented designs that were revolutionary for the field.
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
Contribution of Emninent Planners (1).pptxArPragyaVerma
This document discusses the contributions of eminent town planners through history from the 19th-20th centuries. It begins with an introduction to town planning theories and practices over the last two centuries. Some of the key planners discussed include Ebenezer Howard and his Garden City movement, Patrick Geddes and his concepts of place, work and folk, Clarence Perry and his neighborhood unit concept, George Eugene Haussmann and his modernization of Paris, Le Corbusier and his planning of Chandigarh, Charles Correa and the planning of Navi Mumbai, B.V. Doshi and his low-cost housing development in Indore, and Sir Edwin Lutyens and the planning of New Delhi. Di
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for his high-tech and environmentally-conscious designs. Some of his most famous works include 30 St Mary Axe (nicknamed "The Gherkin") in London, which uses an unusual diamond shape and double-glazed skin to maximize natural light while minimizing energy usage. He also designed the Hong Kong International Airport, known for its innovative structural design, as well as the Hearst Tower in New York, featuring an unusual articulated structural expression of the building. Foster's designs are focused on sustainability and human experience, featuring natural ventilation, maximum use of light, and blending new and old architectural styles. He has received numerous awards and is considered one of the most influential architects
The Jewish Museum in Berlin was built between 1993-1998 on the site of the former Kollegienhaus, which previously housed the Jewish Museum. An international competition was held in 1989 to design the new museum dedicated to Jewish history. Daniel Libeskind's radical zigzag design, nicknamed 'Blitz', was selected. The empty museum was completed in 1999 and attracted over 350,000 visitors before opening in 2001. Libeskind's design uses voids and sharp angles to represent the violence and rupture in German-Jewish history.
The High Line in Manhattan was an abandoned elevated railway that was reused as an urban renewal project. Built in the 1930s, it fell into disuse by the 1980s. In the 2000s, Friends of the High Line advocated to preserve and reuse the structure as a public park. The project transformed the area, increasing property values and catalyzing new development. It proved successful by using various funding mechanisms and zoning incentives to develop in stages while protecting the rail infrastructure under federal rail banking policies.
The document discusses biophilic architecture, which aims to create environmentally friendly and energy efficient buildings through the effective use of natural resources. Biophilic design incorporates natural elements like sunlight, plants, and natural materials to positively influence human health and wellness. It works on the principle that humans have an innate connection with nature. The document outlines several biophilic design standards and concludes that biophilic and regenerative design can help conceive buildings that are better integrated with local ecosystems.
Mies van der Rohe was a pioneering German-American architect who helped define modern architecture in the 20th century. Some of his most notable works emphasized open space defined by an industrial framework of steel and glass, including the Barcelona Pavilion, Farnsworth House, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments, and Seagram Building. He believed architecture should express the modern age through a unified configuration of elements supporting an overall concept with attention to details.
The document discusses Frank Gehry's approach to architecture and some of his most famous works. It provides background on Gehry and describes how he views each building as a sculptural object that responds to its context. Some of his most iconic buildings highlighted include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, which is clad in titanium, glass and limestone with curved and folded exterior walls, and the Dancing House in Prague, inspired by dancers Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire.
Presentation on Ar. Norman Foster in which explains there Biography, Awards, there Projects, Philosophy, Design Elements, and his Five major Project, Conclusion.
STUDY ON SCOPE OF PARAMETRIC SOFTWARES IN ARCHITECTUREAnganam
The document discusses the scope of parametric software in architecture. It begins with an introduction to parametric architecture and its significance. The aim and objectives are to study the evolution and existing possibilities of parametric architecture software compared to traditional CAD. The methodology and definitions are provided. The document then discusses the history of parametric architecture, existing parametric software capabilities, and potential for parametric urbanism. A case study of the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center is presented to illustrate the design process using parametric modeling. The distinctions between parametric and CAD software are analyzed. Finally, the merits, demerits and comparative analysis of parametric architecture are discussed along with conclusions and references.
American parks Landscape design Central park new york case studyAr.Farooqh A
Authors : Farooqh pasha , Dhanush Vinod
A landscape design analysis on american parks. and a case study on Central park, new york,USA. An architectural perspective.
Chicago’s architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago school.
In the history of architecture the first Chicago school was a school of architects . active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century .
They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial Buildings.
A “second Chicago school” with a modernist aesthetic emerged in the 1940’s through 1970’s.
Which pioneered new buildings technologies and structural system such as the tube-frame structure.
Frank Gehry is a renowned Canadian-American architect known for his expressive and sculptural designs. He was born in Toronto in 1929 and moved to Los Angeles in 1947. After studying architecture, he established his practice in Los Angeles in 1962. Gehry is known for using innovative materials and forms to create iconic buildings marked by curving shapes and metal panels. Some of his most famous works include the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto.
The document provides biographical information about architect Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi. It details that he was born in 1927 in Pune, India and received his bachelor's degree from J.J. School of Art in 1950. He then worked for four years with Le Corbusier in Paris. In 1956 he established his own private practice called Vastu-Shilpa in Ahmedabad. Some of his notable works include the Aranya Low-Cost Housing Township in Indore and the National Institute of Fashion Technology campus in New Delhi. Doshi's architecture is influenced by traditional Indian concepts and provides flexible, community-oriented designs.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect born in 1935 in Manchester, England. He received his master's degree from Yale University and established Foster and Partners in 1967. Some of his most notable designs include the Hearst Tower in New York City, 30 St. Mary Axe in London (nicknamed "The Gherkin"), and the new Wembley Stadium in London. Foster is inspired by synthesizing all elements of a building and utilizes new technologies in an environmentally-conscious way. He has received the AIA Gold Medal and Pritzker Architecture Prize for his contributions to the field.
The Unité d'Habitation in Marseille, France was Le Corbusier's first large-scale housing project completed in 1952. It consisted of 337 apartments spread across 18 floors designed with communal spaces like shops and a roof garden to encourage social interaction. The building used reinforced concrete and employed Le Corbusier's modular system to ensure proper human scale. It was an early example of high-density housing that influenced the Brutalist style through its use of exposed concrete construction.
modern, post-modern architects & their worksgarima23g
this presentation deals with the modern architecture- a few architects of modernist time and their famous works.
it also contains post-modern architecture and architects with their famous works.....!!
Presentation on architect zaha hadid and her workrenu rajbahak
This presentation summarizes the work of renowned architect Zaha Hadid. It discusses her biography, including being the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize. It then highlights some of her key works like the Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku. The presentation focuses on this center, describing its curved design, use of materials like concrete and glass, plans, exterior and interior features, and lighting and color schemes. It emphasizes how Hadid used fluid forms and innovative designs in all her works.
Moshe Safdie invented Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada as part of Expo 67, one of the world's largest world expositions, which focused on themes of housing and shelter. Habitat 67 consists of 354 interconnected prefabricated concrete housing units stacked in an innovative design, providing 146 residences between sky and earth. It took extensive planning, including over 4,000 drawings and models, to design and build Habitat 67 at a cost similar to constructing traditional townhouses.
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect known for his organic architecture and philosophy of designing structures in harmony with humanity and nature. He was interested in urban planning throughout his career. His most ambitious plan was Broadacre City, proposed in the 1930s, which envisioned decentralized, automobile-oriented communities where each American family would be given one acre of land. Broadacre City was meant to be the antithesis of dense cities and exemplify Wright's vision of suburban living, but it remained primarily a theoretical concept that highlighted some realities of future urban sprawl and independent living. While never fully realized, Broadacre City reflected Wright's belief that technological changes would make large cities obsolete.
The Centre Pompidou in Paris, France is known for its innovative exposed structure and mechanical systems. Key elements include:
1) A large exposed steel structure and color-coded mechanical systems on the exterior create an "inside-out" design.
2) Flexible floorplates are created through a structural system of hollow steel columns, trusses, and cantilevered gerberette beams.
3) The structure utilizes 13 identical structural bays to create column-free interior spaces for its various museum, library, and exhibition functions.
The document discusses renowned architect Zaha Hadid and her influential philosophy and approach to architecture. It notes that she was one of the few architects to shape the direction of the entire field through her work. Hadid was known for her deconstructivist style that broke from traditional architecture through displaced and distorted forms. Her seminal works like the Vitra Fire Station and MAXXI museum featured gravity-defying, fragmented designs that were revolutionary for the field.
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
Contribution of Emninent Planners (1).pptxArPragyaVerma
This document discusses the contributions of eminent town planners through history from the 19th-20th centuries. It begins with an introduction to town planning theories and practices over the last two centuries. Some of the key planners discussed include Ebenezer Howard and his Garden City movement, Patrick Geddes and his concepts of place, work and folk, Clarence Perry and his neighborhood unit concept, George Eugene Haussmann and his modernization of Paris, Le Corbusier and his planning of Chandigarh, Charles Correa and the planning of Navi Mumbai, B.V. Doshi and his low-cost housing development in Indore, and Sir Edwin Lutyens and the planning of New Delhi. Di
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city concept as a solution to problems in late 19th century cities. He envisioned self-sufficient towns of around 30,000 people, surrounded by greenbelts, that combined the benefits of town and country living without their drawbacks. Letchworth Garden City, built in 1903, was the first to implement Howard's ideas of concentric design and separation of housing, industry and agriculture. The garden city movement aimed to reform urban planning and integrate people more with nature.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
The document discusses the garden city movement initiated by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 in the UK. The key aspects are:
1) Garden cities were self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts with proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture to capture benefits of the countryside and city while avoiding disadvantages of both.
2) Two early garden cities built according to Howard's model were Letchworth and Welwyn near London.
3) The garden city concept aimed to provide a high quality of life through incorporating green spaces, limiting city size, and balancing town and country living.
The document discusses the Garden City Movement concept in urban planning created by Ebenezer Howard. Some key points:
1. Howard proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that balanced residential, industrial, and agricultural areas to address overcrowding and pollution in cities.
2. His "Garden Cities" aimed to reconnect people with nature while maintaining economic opportunities. The first examples were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in England.
3. While the concepts saw some success, maintaining affordability proved difficult. The movement emphasized the need for urban planning but ultimately failed to inspire widespread adoption of Garden Cities.
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The garden city introduced the use of green belts that have served many uses including the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management.
Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was influential in founding the garden city movement in the late 19th century. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which outlined his vision for planned, self-contained communities that blended the best aspects of urban and rural living. The book proposed towns surrounded by greenbelts that would have industry, agriculture, and housing integrated together in a way to improve lives. The first garden cities realized based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s.
Class 4 architecture before the world war part 2Bhartendu Vimal
The document provides information about the Garden City Movement and its key figures and developments:
- Sir Ebenezer Howard proposed the concept of Garden Cities in his 1898 book, which envisioned self-contained, planned communities surrounded by greenbelts with proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture.
- Two early examples of Garden Cities built based on Howard's ideas were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in England, planned by Raymond Unwin and others in the early 1900s.
- The movement emphasized urban planning policies that led to the later New Town movement and influenced concepts like neighborhood units despite only two cities being built as Garden Cities.
The document discusses Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement, which proposed the development of self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Howard established the concepts in his 1898 book, and the first garden cities - Letchworth and Welwyn - were built in Hertfordshire, England in the early 1900s based on his principles of limiting town size, incorporating amenities and green spaces, and defining the relationship between towns and their surrounding agricultural land. The garden city model aimed to provide the benefits of both rural and urban living in a planned environment.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
The document discusses the history and concepts of town planning. It begins with definitions of town planning as ordering land use and development to achieve efficiency, convenience and beauty. It describes Ebenezer Howard's garden city concept from 1898 as aiming to combine benefits of town and country living. Key aspects included limited size, greenbelt, and social/economic planning. Letchworth (1903) was among the first garden cities applied based on these principles. Patrick Geddes and Clarence Perry also contributed new concepts, emphasizing regional surveys and neighborhood units. Radburn, New Jersey (1928) applied principles like separating vehicles and pedestrians.
Clarence Perry was an early 20th century American planner who developed the concept of the neighborhood unit. The neighborhood unit aimed to design self-contained residential areas that promoted community and protected residents from industrial areas and traffic. Key elements included centering the neighborhood around an elementary school, placing arterial streets on the perimeter, and dedicating 10% of land to parks and open space. The ideal neighborhood unit size was 5,000-6,000 people and 160 acres to allow children to walk half a mile to school and residents to access local services. Neighborhood planning principles focused on size, boundaries, internal streets, land use mix, and locating community facilities to encourage social interaction.
Clarence Perry was an early 20th century American planner who developed the concept of the neighborhood unit. The neighborhood unit aimed to design self-contained residential areas that promoted community and protected residents from industrial areas and traffic. Key elements included centering the neighborhood around an elementary school, placing arterial streets on the perimeter, and dedicating 10% of land to parks and open space. The ideal neighborhood unit size was 5,000-6,000 people and 160 acres to encourage walking and a sense of community. Neighborhood planning divides cities into units that provide amenities and facilities within walkable distance to foster social interaction.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was the founder of the garden city movement. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which proposed the creation of new towns surrounded by greenbelts that blended the benefits of urban and rural living. The first garden cities built based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s. Garden cities emphasized planned development, environmental quality, and strong community.
The document discusses several important concepts in town planning and human settlements, including:
1) The Garden City concept introduced by Ebenezer Howard, which proposed self-contained communities that blend the advantages of urban and rural living. This influential model was applied in various "Garden Cities" developed in the early 20th century.
2) The Geddesian Triad of surveying the social, physical, and economic environment before planning, and Patrick Geddes' work applying regional surveys and analysis to planning projects in India and elsewhere.
3) The Neighborhood Unit concept of Clarence Perry, which aimed to design walkable, self-contained neighborhoods with schools, parks, and other amenities at their
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
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What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
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3. Names of Modern Era town Planners
• Sir Patrick Geddes
• Sir Ebenezer Howard
• Clarence Stein
• Sir Patrick Abercrombie
• Le Corbusier
4. SIR PATRICK GEDDES
• He gave the idea of a region to the field of architecture and planning.
• He is called the father of Modern Town Planning.
• Sir Patrick Geddes wrote the book “ Cities in Evolution”.
• Sir Patrick Geddes was influenced by social theorists such as Herbert Spencer
and French theorist Federic Le Play and it resulted to the concept of Regional
planning.
• He adopted the theory of Spencer of that of biological evolution and related it
with evolution of society.
5. SIR PATRICK GEDDES
• He studied Le Play’s analysis of the key units of society as constituting
“Place, Work, Family”, but he changed its last word from “family” to “folk”.
• Also studied Le Play’s circular theory of geographical locations presenting
environmental limitations and opportunities that in turn determine the nature
of work.
• His central argument was that the physical geography, market economics and
anthropology were related, yielding a single chord of social life of all three
combined”.
• Above mentioned theories influenced his idea about theories of the city.
6. SIR PATRICK GEDDES
• He viewed city as a series of common interlocking pattern, “an inseparably
interwoven structure”.
• Criticized the tendency of modern scientific thinking specialisation.
• Geddes had an interest in Eastern philosophy.
• According to Geddes perspective, the purpose of his theory and understanding
of relationships among the units of society was to find an equilibrium among
people and environment to improve such conditions.
7. Sir Ebenezer Howard
• Sir Ebenezer Howard is known for his publication “ Garden Cities of
Tomorrow (1898)”.
• Howard’s garden city principles are being used in modern town planning.
• Garden city theory was a response to the need for improvement in the quality
of urban life, which already had the problem of overcrowding and congestion
due to uncontrolled growth since the industrial revolution.
• Garden city concept was also known as the three magnet diagram.
8. Concept of Three magnets
• He had no training in urban planning or design but excelled in creating places
which he called “magnets” where people would want to come to reside and
work.
• His garden cities were planned, contained communities surrounded by a
green belt (parks), containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and
agriculture.
• Garden city movement aimed at addressing the urban problems due the
industrial city of that time.
• Garden city concept was an effective response for a better quality of life in
overcrowded and dirty industrial towns which had deteriorated the
environment and posed serious threat to health.
9. Principles of Garden City
• Co-operative holding of land to insure that the advantage of appreciation of
land values goes to the community, not the private individuals.
• Economic and social advantages of large scale planning.
• Establishment of cities of limited size, but at the same time possessing a
balanced agricultural industrial economy.
• Urban decentralization – powers to different sector instead of single.
• Use of a surrounding green belt to serve as an agricultural recreational area.
10. Features of Garden City
• An ideal garden city is a compact town of 6000 acres, 5000 of which is
permanently reserved for agriculture. It accommodates a maximum population of
32,000. There are parks and private lawn everywhere. Also the roads are wide,
ranging from 120 to 420 feet for the Grand Avenue, and are radial rather than
linear.
• Commercial, industrial, residential, and public uses are clearly differentiated
from each other spatially. Additional elements include unified land ownership –
co-operatives, there was no individual ownership of land. Local community also
participated in the decision making regarding development.
11. Features of Garden City
• As we can see in the diagram, there is a central park containing public
buildings. It is surrounded by shopping streets which are further surrounded
by dwelling units in all directions.
• The outer circle contains factories and industries.
• Rail road’s bypasses the town, meeting the town at tangent.
• After a city reaches its target population, new interconnected nodes can be
developed. A Garden city is built up and its population has reached 32,000. It
will grow by establishing another city some little distance beyond its own
zone of ‘country’, so that the new town may have a zone of country of its
own.
12.
13. Clarence Stein
• Clarence Stein was an American urban planner.
• He was a major proponent of the Garden city movement in the United States.
Main components of Garden city movement:
1) Planned Dispersal:
The organized outward migration of industries and people to towns of sufficient
size to provide the services, variety of occupations and level of culture needed
by a balanced cross – section of modern society.
14. Clarence Stein
2) Limit of Town Size
The growth of towns to be limited, in order that their inhabitants may live near
work, shops, social centers and each other and also near open country.
3) Amenities
The internal texture of towns to be open enough to permit houses with private
gardens, adequate space for schools and other functional purposes, and
pleasant parks and parkways.
4) Town and Country Relationship
The town area to be defined and a large area around it reserved permanently
for agriculture; thus enabling the farm people to be assured of a nearby market
and cultural center, and the town people to have the benefit of a country
situation.
15. Neighbourhood unit concept
• The term neighbourhood unit is often used to describe the sub divisions of
urban or rural settlements.
• In its purest definition, a neighborhood is the vicinity in which people live.
• Neighbourhood unit idea was proposed by Clarence Perry in 1929.
• Neighbourhoods have some particular physical or social characteristics that
distinguish them from the rest of the settlement.
16. Neighborhood concept
• The clustering of these neighborhoods has formed towns, villages, and cities.
• The Neighbourhood unit plan in brief is the effort to create a residential
neighbourhood to meet the needs of family life in a unit related to the larger
whole but possessing a distinct entity.
17. Basic principles of good neighbourhood design
1) Size
• The town is divided into self-contained units or sectors of 10,000 populations.
• This is further divided into smaller units called neighbourhood unit with 2,000
to 5,000 population.
• The size of the unit is therefore limited to about 1 to 1.5 sq km i.e. within
walkable distance of 10 to 15 minutes.
2) Boundaries
• The unit should be bounded on all its sides by main road, wide enough for
traffic.
18. Basic principles of good neighbourhood design
3) Protective Strips
• These are necessary to protect the neighbourhood from annoyance of traffic
and to provide suitable facilities for developing parks, playgrounds and road
widening scheme in future.
• These are also called Minor Green Belts.
19. Basic principles of good neighbourhood design
4) Internal Streets
• The internal streets are designed to ensure safety to the people and the
school going children in particular, since the mothers are anxious every day till
the safe return of the child.
• The internal streets should circulate throughout the unit with easy access to
shops and community centres.
5) Layout of Buildings
• To encourage neighbourhood relation and secure social stability and
balance, houses to suit the different income group should be provided such as
single family houses, double family houses, cottages, flats, etc.
20. Basic principles of good neighbourhood design
6) Shopping Centres
• Each shop should be located on the circumference of the unit, preferably at
traffic junctions and adjacent to the neighbourhood units.
7) Community Centres
• Each community will have its centre with social, cultural and recreational
amenities.
21. Basic principles of good neighbourhood design
8) Facilities
• All public facilities required for the family for their comfort and convenience
should be within easy reach.
• These include the primary school, temple, club, retail shop, sport centre, etc.
• These should be located within 1km in the central place so as to form a
nucleus to develop social life of the unit.
22. SIR PATRICK ABERCROMBIE
• He was an English town planner.
• Came to prominence in 1930s and 40s for urban planning of the cities of
Plymouth, Hull, Bath, Edinburgh and Bournemouth and later for his radical
plan to rebuild the post-war city of London.
• Served as President of the Geographical Association, in 1937 and gave
presidential Address named “Geography- the basis of planning”.
• Post second world war planning of city of London was done by him.
23. SIR PATRICK ABERCROMBIE
• He proposed that the growth of London should be stopped by a green belt
and that over a million people should move out to expanded towns beyond
it.
• In 1945 with the assistance of Sir Edwin Lutyens, Sir Patrick Abercrombie
published the plan of the city of Kingston.
• With Robert Matthew he proposed in 1946 the planning of new towns of
East Kilbride and Cumbernauld.
• Along with Richard Nickson he made a plan for re-development of
Warwick.
24. SIR PATRICK ABERCROMBIE
• Post Second world war, the British government asked Sir Patrick
Abercrombie to redesign Hong Kong.
• In 1956, he was commissioned to draw plans for the capital of
Ethiopia(Addis Ababa).
25. Planners skills
1. A planner must have knowledge of urban spatial structure or physical
design and the way in which cities work.
2. Ability to analyze trends in population, employment and health.
3. Must possess knowledge of plan making and project evaluation.
4. Must posess mastery in involving wide range of persons in the process of
decision making.
5. Ability of understanding local, state and central government programs and
processes
26. Planners skills
6. Understanding of the social and environmental impact of planning decisions
in communities.
7. Ability to work with the public and must be good at expressing ideas
(articulate) and planning issues to a wide varierty of public.
8. Must be able to function as a mediator and facilitator when the community
interest conflict occur.
9. Understanding all the legalities involved in land use regulation.
27. Planners skills
10. Ability of understanding of the interaction among the economy,
transportation, health and human services and land use regulation.
11. Must be technically sound and competent.
12. Ability of envisioning alternatives to the physical and social environments
in which we live.
13. Must have mastery in GIS(Geographic Information System) software and
must possess good presentation skills.
28. GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH
• Chandigarh has become Hi-tech city by setting up of I.T. park.
• Chandigarh being the regional centre is hub of political and bureaucratic
activities of the 3 neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal
Pradesh.
• The high profile education and health facilities are available in the
Chandigarh, like Punjab Engineering College, York, Fortis.
• The Chandigarh has its tourist potential.
29. CHANDIGARH
Positive highlights:
• Each sector of the city satisfies the necessities of human needs.
• Provision of separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles.
• Shops on ground floor and residence on upper floor.
30. DEVELOPMENT IN CHANDIGARH
City of Chandigarh was developed in 3 phases:
• Sectors 1 to 30 have been developed in Phase 1, it was completely developed
in 1975.
• Sector 31 to 47 have been developed in phase 2, for accommodating
population of 5 lakhs in combined.
• Sectors from 48 to 56 in phase 3 has been taken up.
31. IDEA OF LE CORBUSIER
• The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale.
• Head-capitol (place of power).
• Heart-the city centre.
• Stomach-the commercial area.
• Arms-university and industrial zone.
• Lungs-leisure valley, open spaces.
• Arteries-network of roads.
32.
33. SECTORS
• Chandigarh had 56 sectors.
• Each sector was 800m by 1200m, enclosed by roads allocated to fast-
mechanized transport and sealed to direct access from the houses.
• Population would be approximately from 5000 to 20000 inhabitants.
34.
35. Roads
The roads of the city were classified into seven categories, known as the system of
7Vs.
• V-1 Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns,
• V-2 Arterial roads,
• V-3 Fast vehicular roads,
• V-4 Free flowing shopping streets,
• V-5 Sector circulation roads,
38. HOUSING
• The residential buildings were governed by a mechanism known as ‘frame
control’ created by the municipal administration to control their facades.
• Certain standard sizes of doors and windows are specified and all the gates
and boundary walls must conform to standard design.
• The idea was to ensure that the view from the street, which belonged to the
community, was of same visual order and discipline to maintain uniformity.
41. Commercial buildings
• All buildings located in the City Centre and commercial or institutional
buildings located along V-2 roads were subjected to controls.
• The system of the city centre was based on a grid of columns.
• The interior planning was left to the owners, and in the exterior, certain
variations are permitted to give variety to the architectural composition.
44. INTEGRATED AREA PLANNING IN INDIA
• This is an important measure for reducing regional disparities in India.
A few integrated plans are as under:
1. Hill Area Development Programme:
Initiated in hilly areas of Uttarakhand, Assam, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
The main objects of this was:
• To exploit local resources of the hill areas.
• Starting primary activities such as horticulture, forestry, animal husbandry.
45. INTEGRATED AREA PLANNING IN INDIA
• To began suitable village industries.
• For imitating the conservation measures.
2. Tribal area development programme:
This programme has been taken in the areas of that of M.P., Chattisgarh, Orissa,
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan.
3. Drought Prone Area Programme:
The aim was to provide employment to the rural people in drought-prone areas,
to introduce relief operations.
46. 4. Metropolitan Regional Planning:
Urban master plans were prepared for capital and port cities to reduce the
problem of rapid urbanization and to control large scale immigration from rural
to urban. A master plan was prepared for Delhi in 1955 to develop the satellite
towns around Delhi
47. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
• Lognormal distribution has been considered as the best representation of the
city size distribution.
• For studying the city size distribution of India, Pareto and q-exponential
distributions were used.
• Census of India defines urban according to several criteria:
1. All statutory towns that is all places with local governing bodies are
defined as urban.
2. A minimum population as urban.
48. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
3. At least 75% of the male working population is engaged in non-agricultural
and allied services and,
4 Some other places with distinct urban characteristics are also considered as
urban.
5 Census of India classifies urban centers into six class.
6 Urban center with population of more than one lakh is called town.
7 The places with more than five million are called Mega cities.
50. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
There are four types of settlements in India and they are namely as follows:
1. Compact settlement.
2. Semi-Compact settlement.
3. Hamleted settlement.
4. Dispersed settlements.
51. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
1. Compact Settlements: If the number of villages equals the number of
hamlets in an area unit, the settlement is designated as compact. Such
settlements are found in the Narmada valley, large parts of Rajasthan, paddy
lands in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Vindhyan plateau and several other cultivated
parts of India.
• In such villages all the dwellings are concentrated in one central site.
Villagers enjoy the benefits of community life.
• Their size varies from 500 to 2500 persons in sparsely populated parts like
Rajasthan to more than 10000 in the Ganga plain.
52. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
2. Semi-Compact settlements:
• If the number of villages equals more than half of the hamlets, it is semi-
compact settlement. These are found both in plains and plateaus depending
upon the environmental conditions prevailing there.
• The dwellings in such settlements are not very closely knitted and are
huddled together at one common site.
• It covers more area than the compact settlements; the hamlets occupy new
sites near the periphery of the village boundary.
53. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
3. Hamleted settlements:
• If the number of villages is equal to half of hamlet number, it is a hamlet
settlement.
• Hamlets are spread over the area with intervening fields and the main or
central settlement is either absent or has feeble influence upon others.
• Original site is not easily distinguishable and the morphological diversity is
rarely noticed.
• Such settlements are found in West Bengal, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh and coastal plains.
54. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
4. Dispersed settlements:
• If the number of villages is less than half the number of hamlets, the
settlement is regarded as dispersed.
• The inhabitants of dispersed settlements live in isolated dwellings scattered
in the cultivated fields.
• Individualism, sentiments, of living freely, custom of marriage relations are
conducive to such settlements.
• These dwellings are deprived of neighbourhood, communal,interdependence
and social interaction
55. Distribution and Sizes of Settlements
4. Dispersed settlements:
• Dispersed settlements are found in tribal areas covering central part of India,
eastern and southern Rajasthan, Himalayan slopes and land with dissected
and uneven topography.
• These are found in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh.
56. Present status of town planning in India
• Sir Patrick Geddes visited India in 1915 to advice the Governor of Madras,
Lord Pentland, on the replanning and redevelopment of some of the old
towns.
• Expert advice for the improvement of about 18 major towns in India. He
studied evil effects from which town suffers and then to prescribe the
remedies to improve such town.
• Various town planning acts have been passed in India to enforce town
planning actions.
• The main provision of the English town planning act of 1909 is that the
local authorities are given power to prepare and to enforce town planning
schemes on open lands in the city and on its fringe.
57. Present status of town planning in India
• In England, subsequent to Town planning Act of 1909 , Town planning act
of 1947 was passed.
• In India because of specific approach of town planning we have few cities
such as New Delhi, Chandigarh, Gandhinagar, Durgapur, Ulhasnagar,
Bangalore may be called as planned cities.
• For the purpose of looking after the planning and execution of new cities or
new parts within metro centers, various organisations such as DDA (Delhi
Development Authority), CIDCO, CMPO(Calcutta Metropolitan Planning
Organization), HUDCO are set up by the government.
58. Present status of town planning in India
• Such authorities are given the following powers:
1. To prepare development plans for the urban development area.
2. To prepare town planning schemes.
3. To guide, direct and assist the local authority or authorities and other
statutory authorities functioning in the urban development area in matters
pertaining to the planning, development and use of urban land.
4. To control the development activities in accordance with the development
plan in the urban development area.
59. Present status of town planning in India
• Such authorities are given the following powers:
5. To check whether the development activities are in accordance with the
development plan.
6. To acquire, hold, manage and dispose off property movable or immovable.
7. To enter into contracts, agreements, or arrangements with any local authority,
persons or organizations.
8. To carry out any development work in the urban development area as may be
assigned to it by the state government from time to time.
60. Present status of town planning in India
• Such authorities are given the following powers:
9. To exercise such other powers and perform such other functions as are
supplemental, incidental or consequential to any of the foregoing powers and
functions as may be directed by state government.
61. Efficiency measures
• In Gujarat, the Bombay Town Planning Act, 1954 has been replaced by the
Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act, 1976. President gave
his assent in 1976.
• Former act was controlling town planning activities within the areas having
the jurisdiction of local authorities only.
• It was felt that if planning activities are undertaken on a more rational and
scientific basis with reference to the development of areas within the
peripheral limits of cities and towns, it was possible to create better
environmental conditions.
• The present act seeks to achieve this object in the State of Gujarat.
62. Efficiency measures
• In addition to local authorities, the state government is empowered to
declare urban development areas and to constitute urban development
authorities for such areas.