Sir Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is known for introducing concepts like "region" and "conurbation" to urban planning. A conurbation refers to merged cities and urban areas that have grown together due to transportation and infrastructure development. Geddes coined the term and gave examples like the New York metropolitan area. He developed theories on the relationships between people, their work and their environment. Geddes also produced master plans for cities like Tel Aviv and emphasized pedestrian-focused design with green spaces.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
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The phenomenon of urbanisation, especially suburbanisation, is observed monolithically worldwide, but in a rippling wave like vogue. It trickles down vertically and diffuses out horizontally from the developed to the developing areasand from central to the peripheral regions, respectively. No economically progressing country has ever been able to avert its occurrence, which is inevitable and challenging. The daunting task of intelligently designing and confirming sanity and sustainability for an urban canvas is a multidimensional and multi / cross disciplinary endeavour. This demands retrospective understanding of the place and its people; anticipatory sense to forecast and strategize; and awareness about the practices worldwide and indigenous. Civilizations have always been civilized because of their informed and active citizens, who have come forth to the rescue of theirlands of origin and fellow natives. Representation of this kind can be cited in the Garden City and City Beautiful movements of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, followed by many similar smaller and bigger experiments to the formal school of thought of urbanism, called “New Urbanism”.Many experiments happened under the wide umbrella of New Urbanism and garden city movement across the globe. From Great Britain, to the USA, Abu Dhabi and India, all have witnessed and / or are undergoing the sweeping dynamism in thought and action, for the pursuit of urban revamp and sustainability. This piece of research is an attempt towards compiling and evaluating such utopian models, taking cases from different countries, from different time periods, that have aimed at urban amelioration. The paper considers four cases of Masdar City (Abu Dhabi), Letchworth City (U.K), Disney Celebration Community (U.S.A.) and Magarpatta City (India) to showcase people’s experiments with truth for urban sustainability.
Political and Economic Decentralization (Case Study: Panchayati Raj in India)Spunky Padrone
This explain the various phases of political and economic decentralization in India. It also explain the requirement the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments and evolution of Panchayati Raj in India.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. (Biologist, sociologist, geographer and Town Planner)
Presented by:
Bhanu Pratap Singh (11/PUR/002)
Subodh Dobhal (11/PUR/003)
(Masters in Urban & Regional Planning)
Gautam Buddha University
(Gr. Noida) India
2. About Sir Patrick Geddes
Sir Patrick Geddes (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a Scottish
biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town
planner.
He is known for his innovative thinking in the fields of urban
planning and sociology.
He introduced the concept of "region" to architecture and planning and
coined the term "conurbation".
Geddes was the founder of the College des Ecossaise (Scots College)
an international teaching establishment in Montpellier, France.
He studied at the Royal College of Mines in London under Thomas
Henry Huxley between 1874 and 1878, and lectured in Zoology
at Edinburgh University from 1880 to 1888.
3. His principles for town planning in Bombay demonstrate his views on
the relationship between social processes and spatial form, and the
intimate and causal connections between the social development of the
individual and the cultural and physical environment. They included: (
Bombay Town Planning Act of 1915")
Preservation of human life and energy, rather than superficial
beautification.
Conformity to an orderly development plan carried out in stages.
Purchasing land suitable for building.
Promoting trade and commerce.
Preserving historic buildings and buildings of religious significance.
Developing a city worthy of civic pride, not an imitation of European
cities.
Promoting the happiness, health and comfort of all residents, rather
than focusing on roads and parks available only to the rich.
Control over future growth with adequate provision for future
requirements.
4. Concepts..
Patrick Geddes explained an organism’s relationship to its
environment as follows:
“The environment acts, through function, upon the organism
and conversely the organism acts, through function, upon the
environment.“ (Cities in Evolution, 1915)
In human terms this can be understood as a place acting
through climatic and geographic processes upon people and
thus shaping them. At the same time people act, through
economic processes such as farming and construction, on a
place and thus shape it. Thus both place and folk are linked
and through work are in constant transition.
6. Patrick Geddes was influenced by social theorists such as
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) and French theorist Frederic
Le Play (1806–1882) and expanded upon earlier theoretical
developments that lead to the concept of regional planning.
He adopted Spencer's theory that the concept of biological
evolution could be applied to explain the evolution of
society, and drew on Le Play's analysis of the key units of
society as constituting "Lieu, Travail, Famille" ("Place,
Work, Family"), but changing the last from "family" to
"folk". In this theory, the family is viewed as the central
"biological unit of human society "from which all else
develops.
According to Geddes, it is from "stable, healthy homes"
providing the necessary conditions for mental and moral
development that come beautiful and healthy children who
are able "to fully participate in life".
7. Geddes and The Valley Section
Geddes first published his idea of the valley section in 1909 to
illustrate his idea of the 'region-city'.
The region is expressed in the city and the city spreads influence
of the highest level into the region.
To put it another way, Geddes said that "it takes a whole region to
make the city”.
The valley section illustrated the application of Geddes's trilogy of
'folk/work/place' to analysis of the region.
The valley section is a complex model, which combines physical
condition- geology and geomorphology and their biological
associations - with so-called natural or basic occupations such as
miner, hunter, shepherd or fisher, and with the human settlements
that arise from them.
8. Geddes illustrated the section using the locally
available landscapes of Edinburgh and its hinterland
9. Tel-Aviv (Israel)
The Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv was the first
master city plan for Tel Aviv.
It was designed in 1925-1929 by
the Scottish city planner Sir Patrick
Geddes.
This program designed the centre of Tel
Aviv and the area now known as "Old
North".
In 1925 Patrick Geddes was commissioned
to design a master plan for the city of Tel
Aviv.
The plan he produced was accepted in
1929.
Tel Aviv turned out to be the only example
of one of Geddes’ plans being built largely
as he envisaged and is a good example of
an early planned city.
10. The area of Tel Aviv originally planned by Geddes makes up approximately
7.5% of the current day municipality of Tel Aviv and is now known as Tel
Aviv’s “Old North”.
It was designed to be an extension of the much older neighbouring Arabic port
town Jaffa to the south and a home for the increasing population of Jews
emigrating from other parts of the world (predominantly Eastern Europe).
Geddes, originally as biologist and sociologist was engaged to design a plan
for the new city of Tel Aviv to be built adjacent to the ancient port town of
Jaffa.
The principles he employed for the city were strikingly similar to what we
now know as New Urbanism ideas of planning - an emphasis was placed on
pedestrians as opposed to motor car traffic, a sense of community and civic
life was encouraged through the use of town squares and abundant planting of
greenery provided significant focus on a minimal environmental footprint.
Private automobile traffic was minimised and the city was envisaged on a
pedestrian-scale. This neighbourhood identity has been crucial in the success
of Tel Aviv as a city.
12. Conurbations Theory
• The term "conurbation" was coined in 1915 by Patrick
Geddes in his book Cities In Evolution.
• Internationally, the term "urban agglomeration" is often
used to convey a similar meaning to "conurbation".
• He drew attention to the ability of the (then) new
technology of electric power and motorised transport to
allow cities to spread and agglomerate together, and gave as
examples "Midland ton" in England, the Ruhr in
Germany, Ramstad in the Netherlands, New York-Boston in
the United States, the Greater Tokyo Area and Taiheiyō
Belt in Japan and NCR of Delhi in India.
13. • A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities,
large towns, and other urban areas that, through population
growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one
continuous urban and industrially developed area.
• In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urban
agglomeration, in which transportation has developed to link
areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work
area.
• The term is used in North America, a metropolitan area can be
defined by the Census Bureau or it may consist of a central
city and its suburbs, while a conurbation consists of adjacent
metropolitan areas that are connected with one another by
urbanization.
14. Examples of Conurbation
NEW YORK
• The expansive concept of the New York metropolitan
area (the Tri-State Region) centred on New York City,
including 30 counties spread between New York
State, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania, with
an estimated population of 21,961,994 in 2007.
• Approximately one-fifteenth of all U.S. residents live in
the Greater New York City area.
• This conurbation is the result of several central cities
whose urban areas have merged.
15. UNITED KINGDOM
Industrial and housing growth in the United
Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries
produced many conurbations.
Greater London is by far the largest urban area and is
usually counted as a conurbation in statistical terms,
but differs from the others in the degree to which it is
focused on a single central area. In the mid-1950s
the Green Belt was introduced to stem the further
urbanisation of the countryside in UK.
The term "conurbation" is closer to the meaning
of urban agglomeration.
16. The list below shows the most populous urban areas in the UK
as defined by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The
Greater London Urban Area contains the whole of what is
commonly called London, but ONS definitions divide London
into a large number of smaller localities of which the largest is
Croydon.
INDIA
Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) is a
metropolitan area consisting of the metropolis of Mumbai and
its satellite towns. Developing over a period of about 20 years,
it consists of seven municipal corporations and fifteen smaller
municipal councils.
17. The region has an area of 4,355 km² and with a population of
20,998,395, it is among the top ten most populated urban
agglomeration in the world.
It is linked with Mumbai through the Mumbai Suburban
Railway system and a large network of roads.
The National Capital Region (NCR) is a name for the
conurbation or metropolitan area which encompasses the
entire National Capital Territory of Delhi as well as urban
areas ringing it in neighbouring states
of UP, Haryana and Rajasthan.
With a total area of about 33,578 km2 (12,965 sq mi) it had an
estimated population of 21,961,994 in 2007.
18. URBAN AREA POPULATION PRIMARY
SETTELEMENT
Greater London Urban Area 8,979,158 LONDON
Greater Manchester Urban
Area
2,362,849 MANCHESTER
West Midlands Urban Area 2,362,065 BIRMINGHAM
West Yorkshire Urban Area 1,616,608 LEEDS
Greater Glasgow 1,195,200 GLASGOW
Tyneside 908,446 NEWCASTLE
Liverpool Urban Area 805,578 LIVERPOOL
Nottingham Urban Area 714,353 NOTTIGHAM
URBAN CONURBATION IN U.K.
20. As we all saw in the map, prominent cities in
Maharashtra are shown to be connected forming
a ‘CONSTELLATION’ shape.
This CONSTELLATION THEORY was also
coined by Sir Patrick Geddes , “4 or more cities,
which are not economically, politically, socially
equal come together in developing a whole
region”
This theory is mostly used for administrative
purpose in all countries worldwide.
Such theory is most prominently used because
planning cities in a particular shape pattern is not
possible in Today’s times.
21. MAHARASHTRA- A CASE
STUDY
Mumbai- Economic and Capital city
Nasik- Religious city
Aurangabad- Administrative city
Nagpur- Political city
Pune-Educational importance city
22. Since, all the five factors necessary for development of a
region are divided with five different place , the
administration of that region has a gradual progressing
path, because a certain region doesn’t have the
Maharashtra state has gained prime importance for the
country in the last few decade in spite of being formed in
early 60’s, contributing 15% to country’s industrial
output and 13.3% GDP.
Production, Manufacturing, automobile, Thermal
Electricity projects have been an active part in the growth
of the state.
The distance between the cities in Maharashtra, ranges
mostly in 100km-300km making transportation,
connectivity, inter-dependency prosper within the state.
23. Maharashtra is divided into six revenue divisions,
which are further divided into thirty-five districts.
These thirty-five districts are further divided into 109
sub-divisions of the districts and 357 Talukas in
Maharashtra.
The six administrative divisions in Maharashtra state
are Amravati Division, Aurangabad
Division, Konkan Division, Nagpur Division, Nashik
Division, and Pune Division.
The Admistrational aspect of Maharashtra is quite a
unique factor since six divisions are set up as a
network working together to form a well efficient an
d working governance.