The document discusses Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement, which proposed the development of self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Howard established the concepts in his 1898 book, and the first garden cities - Letchworth and Welwyn - were built in Hertfordshire, England in the early 1900s based on his principles of limiting town size, incorporating amenities and green spaces, and defining the relationship between towns and their surrounding agricultural land. The garden city model aimed to provide the benefits of both rural and urban living in a planned environment.