The document discusses the garden city movement initiated by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 in the UK. The key aspects are:
1) Garden cities were self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts with proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture to capture benefits of the countryside and city while avoiding disadvantages of both.
2) Two early garden cities built according to Howard's model were Letchworth and Welwyn near London.
3) The garden city concept aimed to provide a high quality of life through incorporating green spaces, limiting city size, and balancing town and country living.
The document discusses Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement, which proposed the development of self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Howard established the concepts in his 1898 book, and the first garden cities - Letchworth and Welwyn - were built in Hertfordshire, England in the early 1900s based on his principles of limiting town size, incorporating amenities and green spaces, and defining the relationship between towns and their surrounding agricultural land. The garden city model aimed to provide the benefits of both rural and urban living in a planned environment.
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The garden city introduced the use of green belts that have served many uses including the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management.
Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
The document discusses the Garden City Movement concept in urban planning created by Ebenezer Howard. Some key points:
1. Howard proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that balanced residential, industrial, and agricultural areas to address overcrowding and pollution in cities.
2. His "Garden Cities" aimed to reconnect people with nature while maintaining economic opportunities. The first examples were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in England.
3. While the concepts saw some success, maintaining affordability proved difficult. The movement emphasized the need for urban planning but ultimately failed to inspire widespread adoption of Garden Cities.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city concept as a solution to problems in late 19th century cities. He envisioned self-sufficient towns of around 30,000 people, surrounded by greenbelts, that combined the benefits of town and country living without their drawbacks. Letchworth Garden City, built in 1903, was the first to implement Howard's ideas of concentric design and separation of housing, industry and agriculture. The garden city movement aimed to reform urban planning and integrate people more with nature.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
Garden City Concept,
Definition,
Components of garden city,
Features of garden city,
Concept of garden City,
garden city Principles,
Three magnets,
garden city movement,
PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY,
FEATURES OF GARDEN CITY,
Walwyn , Garden City,
Pictorial Views of Garden city,
The document discusses Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement, which proposed the development of self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Howard established the concepts in his 1898 book, and the first garden cities - Letchworth and Welwyn - were built in Hertfordshire, England in the early 1900s based on his principles of limiting town size, incorporating amenities and green spaces, and defining the relationship between towns and their surrounding agricultural land. The garden city model aimed to provide the benefits of both rural and urban living in a planned environment.
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The garden city introduced the use of green belts that have served many uses including the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management.
Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
The document discusses the Garden City Movement concept in urban planning created by Ebenezer Howard. Some key points:
1. Howard proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that balanced residential, industrial, and agricultural areas to address overcrowding and pollution in cities.
2. His "Garden Cities" aimed to reconnect people with nature while maintaining economic opportunities. The first examples were Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City in England.
3. While the concepts saw some success, maintaining affordability proved difficult. The movement emphasized the need for urban planning but ultimately failed to inspire widespread adoption of Garden Cities.
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city concept as a solution to problems in late 19th century cities. He envisioned self-sufficient towns of around 30,000 people, surrounded by greenbelts, that combined the benefits of town and country living without their drawbacks. Letchworth Garden City, built in 1903, was the first to implement Howard's ideas of concentric design and separation of housing, industry and agriculture. The garden city movement aimed to reform urban planning and integrate people more with nature.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
Garden City Concept,
Definition,
Components of garden city,
Features of garden city,
Concept of garden City,
garden city Principles,
Three magnets,
garden city movement,
PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY,
FEATURES OF GARDEN CITY,
Walwyn , Garden City,
Pictorial Views of Garden city,
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city movement was initiated by Ebenezer Howard in the late 19th century as a response to overcrowded and polluted cities. His ideal garden city would house 32,000 people on 6,000 acres in a concentric design with green spaces and boulevards. When full, another garden city would be developed nearby linked by transit. The goals were to combine the benefits of urban and rural life without their drawbacks by containing development and maintaining greenbelts. Some early examples that implemented Howard's principles included Letchworth Garden City in England and Radburn in New Jersey.
This presentation will provides you how the garden cities by Ebenezer were planned and designed how important the environment is and also the ideas of Ebenezer Howard.
The document provides information about various modern era town planners like Sir Patrick Geddes, Sir Ebenezer Howard, Clarence Stein, Sir Patrick Abercrombie, and Le Corbusier. It discusses their key contributions, including Geddes' concept of regional planning, Howard's garden city movement and three magnet diagram, Stein's neighborhood unit concept, Abercrombie's post-war planning of London and other cities, and Le Corbusier's design of Chandigarh. It also covers principles of neighborhood design and classification and distribution of settlements in India.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the Garden City movement to address problems with cities and rural life. He envisioned self-sufficient, planned communities that blended the best of urban and rural living. His influential book Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform outlined a model garden city of 32,000 residents surrounded by a greenbelt. The first realizations were Letchworth Garden City in 1903 and Welwyn Garden City in 1920, which aimed to apply Howard's principles of balanced communities integrated with nature.
Urban planning has its origins in ancient civilizations like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro which had deliberately planned cities. In classical times, Greek philosophers like Hippodamus laid out cities in orthogonal grids. During medieval times, many new towns were built in Europe to gain power. In the 19th century, overcrowded industrial cities led to new ideas like Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities which proposed self-sufficient towns surrounded by greenbelts. In the 20th century, planners like Le Corbusier proposed concepts like the Radiant City with high density apartment blocks separated by open spaces. Chandigarh was influenced by these ideas and became a model new town in post-colonial India
The document summarizes the concept and design of Letchworth Garden City, the world's first garden city located in Hertfordshire, England. It was inspired by Ebenezer Howard's book "Garden Cities of To-Morrow" and aimed to blend the benefits of town and country living. Some key points:
- Designed by Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin for 35,000 people across 5,000 acres, surrounded by a 1,300-acre greenbelt.
- Sought to address overcrowding and poverty in cities through planned towns with housing, industry, and preserved agricultural land.
- Had radial design with civic buildings in the central park and industries/housing in
Sir Ebenezer Howard was influential in founding the garden city movement in the late 19th century. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which outlined his vision for planned, self-contained communities that blended the best aspects of urban and rural living. The book proposed towns surrounded by greenbelts that would have industry, agriculture, and housing integrated together in a way to improve lives. The first garden cities realized based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s.
Contribution of Emninent Planners (1).pptxArPragyaVerma
This document discusses the contributions of eminent town planners through history from the 19th-20th centuries. It begins with an introduction to town planning theories and practices over the last two centuries. Some of the key planners discussed include Ebenezer Howard and his Garden City movement, Patrick Geddes and his concepts of place, work and folk, Clarence Perry and his neighborhood unit concept, George Eugene Haussmann and his modernization of Paris, Le Corbusier and his planning of Chandigarh, Charles Correa and the planning of Navi Mumbai, B.V. Doshi and his low-cost housing development in Indore, and Sir Edwin Lutyens and the planning of New Delhi. Di
Sir Ebenezer Howard was the founder of the garden city movement. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which proposed the creation of new towns surrounded by greenbelts that blended the benefits of urban and rural living. The first garden cities built based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s. Garden cities emphasized planned development, environmental quality, and strong community.
The document summarizes the garden city movement, which was initiated in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard in the UK. Garden cities were intended to be self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts with proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Two early examples are Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, which were planned with concentric patterns, open spaces, and radial boulevards extending from a central area. The garden city model emphasized balanced development, connectivity between towns and countryside, and public ownership of land.
The document discusses the history and concepts of town planning. It begins with definitions of town planning as ordering land use and development to achieve efficiency, convenience and beauty. It describes Ebenezer Howard's garden city concept from 1898 as aiming to combine benefits of town and country living. Key aspects included limited size, greenbelt, and social/economic planning. Letchworth (1903) was among the first garden cities applied based on these principles. Patrick Geddes and Clarence Perry also contributed new concepts, emphasizing regional surveys and neighborhood units. Radburn, New Jersey (1928) applied principles like separating vehicles and pedestrians.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city theory as a response to overcrowding and congestion in cities during the Industrial Revolution. His plan called for the creation of small, planned cities that combined urban amenities with access to nature. Key elements included purchasing a large area of land, planning a compact circular or hexagonal town surrounded by a rural greenbelt, and using revenue from rising land values to benefit the community. Howard envisioned a population of around 30,000 living in the garden city, with only a fraction of the land developed and the rest used for agriculture and recreation.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the concept of the Garden City in his 1898 book "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Reform". He envisioned self-sufficient, planned towns surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living. Letchworth Garden City, built starting in 1903, was the world's first example based on Howard's principles, including housing arranged in neighborhoods, abundant green spaces, and separation of residential and industrial areas. The document provides historical context on the development of Garden Cities and includes maps, photographs and descriptions of Letchworth Garden City.
Neighborhood and their concepts, garden city and satellite Town-3.pdfBilalAhmad558491
The document discusses neighborhood unit planning, satellite towns, and garden cities as concepts for urban planning. It defines each concept and compares satellite towns and garden cities.
The key points are:
1. Neighborhood unit planning aims to create self-contained residential areas centered around schools, parks, and shops that minimize traffic hazards for pedestrians.
2. Satellite towns are residential areas located outside a parent city that provide housing but remain dependent on the parent city for services and employment.
3. Garden cities are self-contained, planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that balance residential, industrial, and agricultural land uses within a limited population size.
4. Compared to satellite towns, garden cities are
This document provides an overview of several eminent town planners and their key concepts and contributions to the field of town planning. It discusses town planners such as Ebenezer Howard and his Garden City concept; Patrick Geddes and his emphasis on conducting surveys before developing plans; Le Corbusier and his view of cities as living organisms; Patrick Abercrombie and his focus on regional planning; Clarence Stein and the Neighborhood Unit concept; and H.K. Mewada and P.M. Apte who planned the city of Gandhinagar. It also summarizes the main ideas and projects of several other influential town planners.
The document discusses the concept of integrated townships as a potential solution to crowded urban areas. Integrated townships are clusters of housing, commercial businesses, and associated infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals located together. They aim to create a sustainable living ecosystem with residential and commercial spaces supported by infrastructure. The key objectives of integrated townships are providing convenience through proximity and offering both living and employment opportunities in one place. Sustainable development means achieving a balance between economic/social development and environmental protection. Parameters for sustainable urban development discussed in the document include regional planning, high density development, redevelopment/redensification, and emphasis on open spaces/vegetation.
The document discusses water sensitive cities and towns. It notes that population growth, climate change, and economic pressures pose challenges for water management. A water sensitive city aims to provide diverse water sources, protect ecosystems, and engage communities in sustainable water practices. Case studies from Hebei Province, China show how urbanization impacts water systems through increased impermeable surfaces and pollution. Strategies proposed include green roofs, permeable paving, rain gardens, and stormwater management to filter and infiltrate water on-site.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city movement was initiated by Ebenezer Howard in the late 19th century as a response to overcrowded and polluted cities. His ideal garden city would house 32,000 people on 6,000 acres in a concentric design with green spaces and boulevards. When full, another garden city would be developed nearby linked by transit. The goals were to combine the benefits of urban and rural life without their drawbacks by containing development and maintaining greenbelts. Some early examples that implemented Howard's principles included Letchworth Garden City in England and Radburn in New Jersey.
This presentation will provides you how the garden cities by Ebenezer were planned and designed how important the environment is and also the ideas of Ebenezer Howard.
The document provides information about various modern era town planners like Sir Patrick Geddes, Sir Ebenezer Howard, Clarence Stein, Sir Patrick Abercrombie, and Le Corbusier. It discusses their key contributions, including Geddes' concept of regional planning, Howard's garden city movement and three magnet diagram, Stein's neighborhood unit concept, Abercrombie's post-war planning of London and other cities, and Le Corbusier's design of Chandigarh. It also covers principles of neighborhood design and classification and distribution of settlements in India.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the Garden City movement to address problems with cities and rural life. He envisioned self-sufficient, planned communities that blended the best of urban and rural living. His influential book Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform outlined a model garden city of 32,000 residents surrounded by a greenbelt. The first realizations were Letchworth Garden City in 1903 and Welwyn Garden City in 1920, which aimed to apply Howard's principles of balanced communities integrated with nature.
Urban planning has its origins in ancient civilizations like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro which had deliberately planned cities. In classical times, Greek philosophers like Hippodamus laid out cities in orthogonal grids. During medieval times, many new towns were built in Europe to gain power. In the 19th century, overcrowded industrial cities led to new ideas like Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities which proposed self-sufficient towns surrounded by greenbelts. In the 20th century, planners like Le Corbusier proposed concepts like the Radiant City with high density apartment blocks separated by open spaces. Chandigarh was influenced by these ideas and became a model new town in post-colonial India
The document summarizes the concept and design of Letchworth Garden City, the world's first garden city located in Hertfordshire, England. It was inspired by Ebenezer Howard's book "Garden Cities of To-Morrow" and aimed to blend the benefits of town and country living. Some key points:
- Designed by Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin for 35,000 people across 5,000 acres, surrounded by a 1,300-acre greenbelt.
- Sought to address overcrowding and poverty in cities through planned towns with housing, industry, and preserved agricultural land.
- Had radial design with civic buildings in the central park and industries/housing in
Sir Ebenezer Howard was influential in founding the garden city movement in the late 19th century. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which outlined his vision for planned, self-contained communities that blended the best aspects of urban and rural living. The book proposed towns surrounded by greenbelts that would have industry, agriculture, and housing integrated together in a way to improve lives. The first garden cities realized based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s.
Contribution of Emninent Planners (1).pptxArPragyaVerma
This document discusses the contributions of eminent town planners through history from the 19th-20th centuries. It begins with an introduction to town planning theories and practices over the last two centuries. Some of the key planners discussed include Ebenezer Howard and his Garden City movement, Patrick Geddes and his concepts of place, work and folk, Clarence Perry and his neighborhood unit concept, George Eugene Haussmann and his modernization of Paris, Le Corbusier and his planning of Chandigarh, Charles Correa and the planning of Navi Mumbai, B.V. Doshi and his low-cost housing development in Indore, and Sir Edwin Lutyens and the planning of New Delhi. Di
Sir Ebenezer Howard was the founder of the garden city movement. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which proposed the creation of new towns surrounded by greenbelts that blended the benefits of urban and rural living. The first garden cities built based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s. Garden cities emphasized planned development, environmental quality, and strong community.
The document summarizes the garden city movement, which was initiated in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard in the UK. Garden cities were intended to be self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts with proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Two early examples are Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, which were planned with concentric patterns, open spaces, and radial boulevards extending from a central area. The garden city model emphasized balanced development, connectivity between towns and countryside, and public ownership of land.
The document discusses the history and concepts of town planning. It begins with definitions of town planning as ordering land use and development to achieve efficiency, convenience and beauty. It describes Ebenezer Howard's garden city concept from 1898 as aiming to combine benefits of town and country living. Key aspects included limited size, greenbelt, and social/economic planning. Letchworth (1903) was among the first garden cities applied based on these principles. Patrick Geddes and Clarence Perry also contributed new concepts, emphasizing regional surveys and neighborhood units. Radburn, New Jersey (1928) applied principles like separating vehicles and pedestrians.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city theory as a response to overcrowding and congestion in cities during the Industrial Revolution. His plan called for the creation of small, planned cities that combined urban amenities with access to nature. Key elements included purchasing a large area of land, planning a compact circular or hexagonal town surrounded by a rural greenbelt, and using revenue from rising land values to benefit the community. Howard envisioned a population of around 30,000 living in the garden city, with only a fraction of the land developed and the rest used for agriculture and recreation.
Ebenezer Howard proposed the concept of the Garden City in his 1898 book "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Reform". He envisioned self-sufficient, planned towns surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living. Letchworth Garden City, built starting in 1903, was the world's first example based on Howard's principles, including housing arranged in neighborhoods, abundant green spaces, and separation of residential and industrial areas. The document provides historical context on the development of Garden Cities and includes maps, photographs and descriptions of Letchworth Garden City.
Neighborhood and their concepts, garden city and satellite Town-3.pdfBilalAhmad558491
The document discusses neighborhood unit planning, satellite towns, and garden cities as concepts for urban planning. It defines each concept and compares satellite towns and garden cities.
The key points are:
1. Neighborhood unit planning aims to create self-contained residential areas centered around schools, parks, and shops that minimize traffic hazards for pedestrians.
2. Satellite towns are residential areas located outside a parent city that provide housing but remain dependent on the parent city for services and employment.
3. Garden cities are self-contained, planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that balance residential, industrial, and agricultural land uses within a limited population size.
4. Compared to satellite towns, garden cities are
This document provides an overview of several eminent town planners and their key concepts and contributions to the field of town planning. It discusses town planners such as Ebenezer Howard and his Garden City concept; Patrick Geddes and his emphasis on conducting surveys before developing plans; Le Corbusier and his view of cities as living organisms; Patrick Abercrombie and his focus on regional planning; Clarence Stein and the Neighborhood Unit concept; and H.K. Mewada and P.M. Apte who planned the city of Gandhinagar. It also summarizes the main ideas and projects of several other influential town planners.
The document discusses the concept of integrated townships as a potential solution to crowded urban areas. Integrated townships are clusters of housing, commercial businesses, and associated infrastructure like roads, schools, hospitals located together. They aim to create a sustainable living ecosystem with residential and commercial spaces supported by infrastructure. The key objectives of integrated townships are providing convenience through proximity and offering both living and employment opportunities in one place. Sustainable development means achieving a balance between economic/social development and environmental protection. Parameters for sustainable urban development discussed in the document include regional planning, high density development, redevelopment/redensification, and emphasis on open spaces/vegetation.
The document discusses water sensitive cities and towns. It notes that population growth, climate change, and economic pressures pose challenges for water management. A water sensitive city aims to provide diverse water sources, protect ecosystems, and engage communities in sustainable water practices. Case studies from Hebei Province, China show how urbanization impacts water systems through increased impermeable surfaces and pollution. Strategies proposed include green roofs, permeable paving, rain gardens, and stormwater management to filter and infiltrate water on-site.
Peri-urban areas are transition zones between urban and rural land where urban and rural uses intermix and often conflict. Rapid urban growth is pushing into surrounding rural areas, leading to development on city fringes known as peri-urban areas. This poses serious land use problems such as loss of agricultural land and unauthorized urban sprawl. Proper planning is needed to address the complex issues around balancing rural and urban land use and lifestyles at the urban-rural fringe.
Peter Eisenman is an American architect known for his deconstructivist designs. He first rose to prominence as a member of the New York Five in the 1960s. House II, built in Vermont in the late 1960s, was one of Eisenman's earliest built works and is considered an early example of deconstructivism. The Wexner Centre for the Arts in Ohio, completed in 1989, was Eisenman's first major public commission and featured his signature deconstructed geometric forms and spatial fragmentation. A 540-foot long exposed "scaffolding" structure runs through the building and helps delineate its organization.
Streetscape refers to the natural and built elements of a street and aims to describe the design quality and visual effect of the street as a public place. An avenue is a public road with buildings on the sides that may also include vegetation, while a boulevard is a wider street with a median separating traffic lanes and vegetation on both sides. Examples of avenues and boulevards in Paris are given to illustrate the differences. Greenways are also discussed as corridors for multiple transportation modes that incorporate consistent streetscaping treatments and transit stations.
The document discusses different theories of urbanism through examples of cities around the world. Perspective theory is discussed through the example of Curitiba, Brazil, which transformed into an environmentally friendly city through projects like its Bus Rapid Transit system, use of green spaces to mitigate flooding, and alternative waste management. Critical theory is discussed through the example of Copenhagen, Denmark, which implemented the Five Finger Plan for transportation and development of green spaces between train lines. Normative theory is discussed through the example of the ancient city of Babylon, which was an important religious and cultural center located on the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia according to their world view.
Streetscape refers to the natural and built environment of a street, including its design quality and visual effect. An ideal urban streetscape has broad sidewalks, street trees, street furniture, and allows for pedestrian activity. Avenues are characterized by vibrant urban settings with buildings on both sides of the street and amenities that allow pedestrians to linger. Boulevards have multiple rows of trees and landscaping that can incorporate patios and rain gardens. Greenways in less urban areas are characterized by natural landscaping like rain gardens with native plants and meandering trails. Gateways and intersections are designed consistently with public spaces, art, and coordinated paving materials.
Policy refers to laws, regulations, procedures, or voluntary practices by governments or institutions that can influence health through various sectors like transportation or education. An Act is a decree passed by a legislature that establishes specific regulations and laws. A mission outlines the problems an organization aims to solve through its products or services. A scheme is a plan made by a government or organization involving many people. A programme is a set of plans to develop or improve something, while an initiative is an important act or statement intended to solve a problem.
This document discusses different types and levels of planning including urban, rural, regional, national, and international planning. It focuses on urban, rural, and regional planning. For urban planning, it discusses factors like population density, traffic regulation, and zoning. Rural planning involves linking surrounding villages to towns through transportation and encouraging village industries. Regional planning considers larger areas separated by natural and political boundaries and involves planning agricultural regions, industrial areas, power stations, resorts, and suburban city zones to avoid duplication of facilities and ensure efficient use of resources.
The document discusses recreation measures proposed by Ravinder Singh Atter of the Civil Department at TSIT Polytechnic in Hubli. It focuses on improving recreation options and facilities for students and staff at the polytechnic to enhance their experience.
Housing refers to accommodation for people, whether a house or other dwelling. Governments work to ensure citizens have homes. A house is a building for living in, while a home can also refer to a feeling of belonging. A dwelling unit is a structure or part of one used as a residence by a household. Different housing types include bungalows on individual plots; housing complexes with amenities in cities due to land scarcity; integrated communities with schools and shops; farmhouses and vacation homes; attached houses sharing walls; detached houses without shared walls; and high-rise, mid-rise, and low-rise buildings.
The document discusses satellite towns and Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement. It defines satellite towns as towns that are under the influence of a larger parent city but have their own identity. Features of satellite towns include local government and connections to the parent city via transportation. Howard's garden city movement proposed limiting city sizes and incorporating greenbelts, agriculture, and industry into planned, self-contained communities surrounded by nature. Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City in the UK were early examples built using Howard's garden city principles.
Bhubaneswar underwent a transformation from an ancient town to a modern city after 1948 when German architect Otto Konigsberger planned it as the capital of Odisha. Konigsberger applied the neighborhood concept developed by Clarence Perry, dividing the city into units with schools, markets, and offices accessible by pedestrian paths. He suggested a hierarchy of seven road types to serve different functions and users. Neighborhoods were clustered by occupation, education, and income, with facilities available within each unit.
This document summarizes information about a slum case study in India. It discusses the reasons for the growth of slums, including changes in agriculture leading people to migrate to cities for better opportunities. It describes slum habitats as being located on disputed, unused lands characterized by lack of basic amenities and sanitation with overcrowded housing conditions. The transition from rural to semi-urban society in India is increasing migration from rural to urban areas, which is a key reason for the rise of slums.
Town planning involves arranging the various components of a town to achieve an organized and efficient layout. The objectives of town planning include promoting beauty, convenience, a healthy environment, and public health. Principles of town planning include zoning, establishing green belts, designing housing and public buildings, providing recreation areas, developing the road and transport systems. Towns progress through natural, planned, and directional growth phases from their initial origins based on topographical features or functions. Towns are classified into different stages of development based on their population size and characteristics.
This chapter discusses two types of contradiction in architectural facades: contradiction adapted and contradiction juxtaposed. Contradiction adapted involves compromising contradictory elements into a cohesive whole, like in the Villa Pignatelli where moldings take on multiple functions. Contradiction juxtaposed places contrasting elements adjacent without compromise, like the windows of Villa Palomba clashing with the exterior. The chapter argues contradiction adapted is tolerant while juxtaposed is unbending, with the latter creating richer visual experiences through violent contrasts and changing perspectives, as seen in Le Corbusier's Millowners' Building.
The document discusses how smell plays an important role in our lives and cities have distinctive smells. It notes humans can identify up to 1,000 different odors and smell is important for recognition, communication, and recalling memories. Cities develop unique smells from activities like cooking, rituals, and natural elements. The document then provides examples of how different cities like Venice, Bali, and Moscow have distinctive smells and recounts a quote about how exiles have a shared smell of longing. It describes an study of the smells in the city of Ahmedabad, India, noting an odor map was generated showing the different smells observed throughout the day.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which
self-contained communities are surrounded by "greenbelts",
containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and
agriculture. The idea was initiated in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard in
the United Kingdom and aims to capture the primary benefits of a
countryside environment and a city environment while avoiding the
disadvantages presented by both. Howard was knighted in 1927.
During his lifetime Letchworth, Brentham Garde Suburb and Welwyn
Garden City were built in or near London according to Howard's
concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have
since been built all over the world.
Garden City Concept was an effective response for a better quality of
life in over crowded and dirty industrial towns which had deteriorated
the environment and posed serious threat to health. Howard
suggested various additions which were related to green spaces and
open spaces. Garden city model featured the greenbelt in its urban
design and as a part of country planning.
3. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
These 3 magnets can also be regarded as the garden city principles.
Open spaces, central park and green spaces were given a lot of
importance in Howard’s plan.
Town – The pull of ‘Town Magnet’ are the opportunities for work
and high wages, social opportunities, amusements and well – lit streets.
The pull of ‘Country Magnet’ is in natural beauty, fresh air, healthfulness.
It was closing out of nature, offered isolation of crowds and distance
from work. But it came at a cost of foul air, costly drainage, murky sky
and slums.
Country – It offered natural beauty, low rents, fresh air, meadow but
had low wages and lack of drainage. Country has dullness, lack of
society, low wages, lack of amusements and general decay.
Town- Country – it was a combination of both town and countryside
with aim of providing benefits of both and offered beauty of nature,
social opportunity, fields of easy access, low rent, high wages and field
of enterprise. Thus, the solution was found in a combination of the
advantages of Town and Country – the ‘Town – Country Magnet’ – it
was proposed as a town in the Country, and having within it the
amenities of natural beauty, fresh air and healthfulness. Thus
advantages of the Town – Country are seed to be free from the
disadvantages of either.
4. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
How cities were supposed to be
developed as per Garden City
Movement
•Sir Ebenezer Howard’s garden city
movement was one of the first inspirations for
modern day urban planning.
•The garden city is a place that acts as a
community where people from different walks
of life can live and work in harmony.
• The concept originated from the book by Sir
Ebenezer Howard in the early 1900’s. It was
important for Howard to spread his ideas, and
the Garden City Movement was a way of
doing it.
•He wanted people to move out of cities and
into a new type of community that he called
the Garden City.
•A garden city is an ideal type of settlement or
urban design that has been created using a
5. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
Main Components of Garden City Concept
Planned Dispersal: The organized outward migration of industries and
people to towns of sufficient size to provide the services, variety of
occupations, and level of culture needed by a balanced cross – section
of modern society.
Limit of Town – size: The growth of towns to be limited, in order that
their inhabitants may live near work, shops, social centers, and each
other and also near open country.
Amenities: The internal texture of towns to be open enough to permit
houses with private gardens, adequate space for schools and other
functional purposes, and pleasant parks and parkways.
Town and Country Relationship: The town area to be defined and a
large area around it reserved permanently for agriculture; thus enabling
the farm people to be assured of a nearby market and cultural center,
and the town people to have the benefit of a country situation.
Planning Control: Pre – planning of the whole town framework,
including the road – scheme, and functional zoning; the fixing of
maximum densities; the control of building as to quality and design, but
allowing for individual variety; skillful planting and landscape garden
design.
Neighbourhoods: The town to be divided into wards, each to some
extent a developmental and social entity.
6. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
Some of the important
features of Garden City are –
1000 acres of towns designed for
healthy living and industry
5000 acres if permanent green belt
which surrounds the whole town
Density of 12 families per acre
A large central park having public
buildings.
limited size of approx 32000 people,
planned in advance and land in single
ownership to eliminate overcrowding
7. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
Garden cities examples as a result of garden city movement
Two garden cities were built using Howard’s garden city movement
concept are Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, both in
Hertfordshire, England.
1. Letchworth Garden City – The first garden city developed in 1903
by Barry Parker & Raymond Unwin after having won the competition to
build the first garden city. It is 34 miles away from London. It has an
area of 5000 acres with 3000 acres of green belt. It had an agricultural
strip at its periphery to check the invasion of urban areas i.e. the
sprawling. It showed Howard’s general principles, including the
communal ownership of the land and the permanent green belt has
been carried through. It was a town of homes and gardens with ample
open spaces and a spirited community life. A great attention was paid to
landscaping and planting.
Its plan was based on a population of 30000 with a living area of 1250
acres and 2500 acres of rural green belt.
Communities ranged from 12000 – 18000 people, small enough which
required no vehicular transportation.
Industries were connected to the central city by rapid transportation.
8. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
Welwyn – It was the second Garden City founded by Sir Ebenzer
Howard and designed by Louis De Soissions in 1920 and was located
20 miles from Kings Cross. It was designed for a 4000 population in
2400 acres. It was a town visually pleasing and was efficient technically
and was human in scale.
It started with area of 2400 acres and 4000 population
Had a parkway, almost a mile long central mall
Town laid out along tree-lined boulevards with Neo Georgian town
center
Every road had a wide grass verge
Garden city concept spread to various parts of the world and influenced
all English, American, Canadian & Australian planning but housing was
most influenced. Other examples include Glenrother, Bedford Park,
Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom, Village Homes, Reston in the
United States, Helleran in Germany, Tapiola in Finland.
9. GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER
HOWARD
Conclusion on garden city movement
The idea of garden city, which has economic and social advantages that urban
aggregation had destroyed, was seen in the first two garden cities only. It was
seen as the “marriage of town and country, in an increasingly coherent urban and
regional pattern”. These new town towns offer a more pleasing environment than
crowded and squalid quarters in old cities. The movement succeeded in
emphasizing the need for urban planning policies that eventually led to the New
Town movement.
10. Mercantile colonial town in India:
The colonial cities reflect the mercantile culture of the British rulers in
the following way:
(i) Population : After 16th century new European merchants reached
from different directions in India. Changes in the network of trade
reflected in the history of urban centres. The European commercial
companies had setup base in different places early during the Mughal
Era : the Portuguese in Panaji in 1510, the Dutch in Masulipatnam in
1605, the British in Madras in 1639 and the French in Pondicherry
(present day Puducherry) in 1673. With the expansion of commercial
activity, towns grew around these trading centers. By the end of the
eighteenth century the land-based empires in Asia were replaced by the
powerful sea-based European empires. Forces of international trade,
mercantilism and capitalism now came to define the nature of society.
The new kinds of public places emerged in the colonial city. They
performed different types of functions for different people and agencies.
(ii) Ports : By the 18th century, Madras Bombay and Calcutta had
become ports. Traders, merchant agents, labourers, boilers, clerks and
other employees used to provide different services and functions.
11. Mercantile colonial town in India:
(iii)Factories : The Europeans fortified their
different factories (i.e. mercantile offices). These
forts were used for the protection of goods,
European settlers and other things.
(iv) Railway Stations : Railway stations were
developed in all the three colonial cities and some
important towns or cities nearby these cities.
Railway stations were used by government
official, Sepoys, traders, merchants and tourists.
With the expansion of network of railways, links
between major cities and rest of the country
develop.
(b) Although Calcutta, Bombay and Madras
supplied raw materials for industry in England,
and had emerged because of modern economic
forces like capitalism, their economies were not
primarily based on factory production. The
majority of the working population in these cities
belonged to what economists classify as the
tertiary sector. There were only two proper
“industrial cities” : Kanpur, specialising in leather,
KOLKATA
BOMBAY (NOW MUMBAI)