Talks about how Housing condition and situation was improved with the principle of Satellite garden cities.

1. IMPROVEMENT IN HOUSING,
SATELLITE GARDEN TOWN
NIT ROURKELA
DEBANJALI SAHA (113AR0014)
SONALI SAHOO (113AR0015)
PATIVADA LAVANYA (113AR0021)
TAMANNA PARVIN (113AR0022)

2. GARDEN SUBURB
• "The Garden City, as Howard defined it, is not a suburb but the antithesis of a suburb: not
a rural retreat, but a more integrated foundation for an effective urban life.“
Lewis Mumford

3. INTRODUCTION
Garden City
• concept is to produce relatively
economically independent cities with short
commute times and the preservation of
the countryside
Garden Suburb
• built on the outskirts of large cities with
no sections of industry; therefore
dependent on reliable transport allowing
workers to commute into the city

4. INTRODUCTION
• emerged in the late 18th century as a by-product of new types of transportation were
embraced by an newly prosperous merchant class
• The first garden villages were built by English estate owners, who wanted to relocate or
rebuild villages on their lands
• This was when architects first began designing small houses
• included linking villa-like homes with landscaped public spaces and roads

5. GARDEN SUBURB TYPOLOGY
Garden Village
• spatially independent of the city but
remain connected to the city by railroads,
streetcars, and later automobiles
• often included shops and civic buildings
Garden Enclave
• are typically strictly residential and
emphasize natural and private space,
instead of public and community space
• The urban form of the enclaves were often
coordinated through the use of early land
use controls typical of modern zoning
including controlled setbacks,
landscaping, materials

6. EARLY 20TH CENTURY , ENGLAND
• Raymond Unwin, one of Howard's early collaborators on theLetchworth Garden
City project in 1907, became very influential in formalizing the garden city principles in
the design of suburbs through his work Town Planning in Practice: An Introduction to the
Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs (1909)
• The book strongly influenced the Housing and Town Planning Act of 1909, which provided
municipalities the power to develop urban plans for new suburban communities

7. HAMPSTEAD GARDEN SUBURB , LONDON
• example of early twentieth-century domestic architecture and town planning
• master plan was prepared by Barry Parker and Sir Raymond Unwin
• provisions of the new act, Hampstead Garden Suburb Act 1906, allowed less land to be
taken up by roads and more by gardens and open spaces
• Inspired from planning and development of Letchworth Garden City
• However made no attempt to be self-contained

9. HAMPSTEAD GARDEBN SUBURB ACT 1906
• Byelaws restricted street design to follow the contours and build houses in in cul-de-sacs ,
therefore a parliamentary act was needed
• Relevant sections of the Act :
• Section 2, defined a low building density, and wide streets with gardens or verges where
trees could be planted
• Section 3, Bye-laws to be followed in any gardens , recreation grounds or open spaces for
common use of inhabitants
• Section 5 distinguished between through-roads (known as an accommodation roads) and
residential cul-de-sacs

10. HAREWOOD GARDEN SUBURB , LONDON

11. MILTON ABBAS , SOUTH WEST ENGLAND
• SirWilliam Chambers andlandscape gardenerCapability Brown were commissioned to
design a new village to give a rural retreat in 1780
• 36 almost identical thatched cottages were intended to house two families each
• built from cob and previously were painted yellow, with each house fronted by a lawn;
originally a horse chestnut tree was planted between each dwelling
• Almhouses and a church was provided to the village
• 18th century street fair: Every two years, villagers recreate their historic country fair to
celebrate the rebuilding of the present village over 225 years ago

13. SWEDEN
• Mature policies of land acquisition by cities in the scandavanian countries resulted in aggressive participation in
the supply of housing by private enterprise via the public utility socities and housing cooperatives
• But still the city had its fare share of slums that occurred due to over crowding within dwellings due to rigorous
climate and the heating problem created.
• More than 50% of families lived in apartments of one and two rooms.
• Since 1904, city of Stockholm purchased 20,000acres of land surrounding the city and planned for “garden
suburbs”.
• The city installed streets and utilities in these suburbs and encouraged people to build their own dwellings on
land ranging from 700 sqft to 1000sqft to escape the congested slums.
• Town Planning Act 1931,
• Rehousing of slum dwellers by means of rent rebates of 30% economic rents.
• Joint rehabilitation of substandard buildings by owners of contagious property.
• Housing for the aged and single woman

14. VALLINGBY CITY
• Proposed in the 1950’s, an innovative urban planing model – ABC (Arbete-Bostac-Centrum or Work-
Dwelling-Centre) model
• Imitate city life in large scale suburban towns
• Gave way to decentralization by creation of a number of decentralization satellite towns connected to
core city with planned metro network
• These towns were of high density with 25,000-30,000 residents.
• The Vallingby prototype –
• Linear suburban district in Vasterort.
• Transforming rural land to an ABC city which is independent as it offers its residents everything needed.
• Had work, shopping and service facilities for 60,000 people.
• Underground Rail was the central element of city design
• Had 5 stops where each stop had a cluster of stores and public facilities that are ringed by housing and great
open spaces.

15. The central neighborhood of Vällingby
ABC city, constructed around the metro
station

16. • Blackeber – single family & narrow 3 storey walk up
buildings.
• Racksta – massive office and apartment towers.
• Vallingby – shopping, social and office centres.
• Extra stop for factories among trees
• Hasselby Gard – big and little apartments on hilly
terrain.
• Hasselby Strand – lake shoreVällingby was organized in 5 neighborhoods
around 5 metro stations

17. CONCLUSION
• The garden city is a break with the past because those who have learned most from the
present are determined to plan and build for a better future
• The application of garden city principle to existing large towns with the object of
preventing their extension, except by the establishment of satellite garden cities separated
from the main town by an adequate rural belt
• Helped improve village life and development of agriculture by better planning of them and
close co-ordination of village and town life
• Focused more on agricultural land values than few industries requiring towns
• Were not as a bulwark to radical social change but as an appropriate social unit in the
reconstructed society

18. REFERENCE
• GCTP, Vol. XIII, No. 1, January 1923, p. 1
• Goodall, B (1987), Dictionary of Human Geography, London: Penguin
• Howard, E (1902), Garden Cities of To-morrow (2nd ed.), London: S. Sonnenschein & Co,
pp. 2–7
• Horley, Robert (1998). The Best Kept Secrets of Parma, "The Garden City". Robert
Horley. ISBN 0-9661721-0-8.
• "Area: Milton Abbas (Parish). Dwellings, Household Spaces and Accommodation Type,
2011 (KS401EW)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 4
February 2015.
• Leicester City Council. "Ward Maps". Retrieved 11 October 2011.
• "Humberstone Garden Suburb – A History" (PDF). Retrieved 10 January 2010.
• W.R.Powell, ed. (1978). "Romford: Introduction". A History of the County of Essex: Volume
7

19. THANK YOU....