The document is a case study of Chandigarh's gridiron city plan, designed by Le Corbusier, emphasizing its structured layout where streets intersect at right angles to form sectors that promote self-sufficiency. It discusses the historical context of Chandigarh's planning, aimed at creating a modern capital for Punjab and Haryana, while addressing urban design challenges such as infrastructure costs, climate adaptability, and community needs. The summary highlights both positive aspects, like pedestrian-friendly designs, and critiques, such as the exclusion of lower-income residents.

1. GRID IRON PATTERN
CASE STUDY: CHANDIGARH
Submitted By: SATYAM RAI
151109031

2. GRID PLAN
• The grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron
plan is a type of city plan in which streets
run at right angles to each other, forming
a grid. The infrastructure cost for regular
grid patterns is generally higher than for
patterns with discontinuous streets.
• Cities like: Chandigarh, New York City,
Savannah, Tokyo, Barcelona, and Back Bay
Boston

3. COMPARATIVE FIGURE GROUND DIAGRAMS OF
ONE SQUARE MILE AREA

4. INTRODUCTION
• CHANDIGARH, the Dream city of India’s first PM, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
was planned by the legendary architect LE CORBUSIER.
• 7 V’s road system is used
• The primary module of city’s design is a Sector, a neighborhood unit
of size 800 m X1200 m.
• It is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centers and
places of recreations .
• The population of a sector varies between 3000-20000 depending
upon sizes of plots and topography of the area
• CHANDIGARH is a City and a UNION TERRITORY in the Northern part of India that
serves as the capital of the states of PUNJAB and HARYANA.

5. GEORAPHICAL LOCATION & LINKAGES
It is located on the border
of Punjab & Haryana.

6. HISTORY
• After the loss of Lahore, the idea of building a new capital for the Indian part of Punjab
took form in 1948.
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said “Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India
unfettered by the traditions of the past….. an expression of the nation’s faith in the future”.
The city is a product of Nehru’s vision.
• A need for the capital
• Rehabilitating refugees
• A center for governance
• A rich cultural legacy like Lahore
• A vision of the future

7. SITE SELECTION
• The present site was selected in 1948 taking into account various attributes such as
• Central location in the state
• proximity to the national capital
• availability of sufficient water supply
• fertile of soil
• gradient of land for natural drainage
• beautiful site with the panorama of blue hills as backdrop
• moderate climate.
• The site was the sub mountainous area of the Ambala district about 150 miles north of New
Delhi.
• The area was a flat, gentle sloping plain of agriculture land consisting of 59 villages.

8. THREE DISCIPLINES
Corbusier noticed three qualities in India
1. The discipline of money- as it was the period of post independence the project
couldn't be made to a grand level and had to be made in a ideal budget.
2. The discipline of technology-even with vast amounts of clay stone , sand
Corbusier went for usage of rough concrete in capitol and central business
district.
3. The discipline of climate- besides the administrative and financial regulations
there was a law of the sun in India. The architectural problem consists; first to
make shade, second to make a current of air[to ventilate], third to control
hydraulics.

9. CORBUSIER’S PLAN
• His plan was in grid-iron pattern surrounded by the two rivers in both the sides.
• The unit was a sector instead of a superblock.(nearly 3 sectors made a superblock)
• The basic framework of albert Mayer's plan were retained- capitol, city Centre,
industrial area, parkland
• The city Centre and railway stations remained in the same locations the capitol
was shifted from the north-eastern tip the to northwestern tip

10. CORBUSIER’S PLAN OF CHANDIGARH

11. LE CORBUSIER CONCEPT: HUMAN ANALOGY
• LE Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous
to human body, with a clearly defined
• • HEAD (the capitol complex, sector 1)
• • HEART (the city Centre sector-17)
• • LUNGS (the leisure valley, innumerable open spaces and sector
greens)
• • INTELLECT (the cultural and educational institutions),
• • CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (the network of roads, the 7Vs)
• • VISCERA (the industrial area).

12. LE CORBUSIER PLANNING STRATEGIES
• Planned with focus on urban design, architectural
aesthetics, preservation of natural environment,
conservation of buildings and open spaces, hierarchical
road network.
• Divided the human functions into circulation, living,
working, care body and spirit with strict zoning.
• City planning was against the traditional Indian cities
• Replaced the native Indian town plan into superblocks

13. SITE PLAN

14. CIRCULATION
 An integrated system of seven road types:
• V1 : Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns
• V2 : Arterial roads
• V3 : Fast vehicular roads
• V4 : Meandering shopping streets
• V5 : Sector circulation roads
• V6 : Access roads to houses
• V7 : Footpaths and cycle tracks
Corbusier's conceptual sketch showing the v-road system

15. THE SECTOR
• The primary module of the city ‘s design is a sector ,
neighborhood unit of size 800mtrs×1200mtrs
• Each sector is a self sufficient unit having shops ,school ,
health centers and places of recreations and worship
• The population of a sector varies between 3000and 2000
depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of
the area
• Convenient walking distance for social services like
schools and shopping centers

16. THE SECTOR

17. DEVELOPMENT IN CHANDIGARH
The city of Chandigarh was developed in 3 phases:
• Phase-I; Sectors 1 to 30 have been developed, it was completely developed in
1975.
• Phase-II; Sector 31to 47 have been developed, for accommodating population of
5 lakhs in combined.
• Phase III; Sectors from 48 to 56 has been taken up

18. GROWTH OF THE CITY

19. GROWTH OF THE CITY

20. GROWTH OF THE CITY

22. CHANDIGARH MASTER PLAN 2031

23. GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH
• The Chandigarh has become Hi-tech city by setting up of I.T. park.
• The Chandigarh being the regional center is hub of political and bureaucratic
activities of the 3 neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
• The high profile education and health facilities are available in the Chandigarh,
like Punjab Engineering College and PGI, York, Fortis.
• The Chandigarh has its tourist potential.

24. HIERARCHY OF GREEN SPACES
• A Hierarchy of Green Spaces can be observed in both the
layout ranging from Public Greens at City Level to Semi-
Private to Private Green Areas.
1. City Level Public Green Space with Artificial Water Body
2. Free- Flowing Green Space, connecting the entire site
3. Semi-Private Green Areas for neighborhood pockets
4. Private Green Areas for Residential Units

25. CONT.…
• The city landscape plan of the first phases showing the
leisure valley and the swaths of green Spaces that also acts
as flood control.
• A green sprawling space extending north – east to south –
west along a seasonal rivulet gradient and was conceived
by Le Corbusier as the “lungs” of the city.
• This valley houses series of fitness trails, amphitheater and
spaces for open Air exhibition.

26. CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
• Sun path during various seasons was studied.
• Rise of sun breakers(new version of sunshades/ chajjas).
• Later honeycomb brick jalis were introduced.
• Building orientations were made sun friendly.
• Facades designed to keep sun out in summer and admit it in
winters.
• Compactness through close spacing of buildings known as
terrace housing.
• Light and air is drawn through front and rear of the buildings.
• Buildings have greater depth and narrow frontage.

27. POSITIVE
• First modern architecture of Indian city planning
• Each sector satisfies the necessities of human needs
• Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles
• Open spaces in front shopping centers
• Shops on ground floor, Residence on upper floor
• Shop protected from rain and sun, as a covered walkway for the customers

28. • Roads being similar to each other creates confusion
• Brutal concrete gives a rough look
• City not planned for lower income people.
• Existence of slums around the city
NEGATIVE