This document provides information on e-paper technology. It discusses that e-paper was first developed in 1974 and is a flexible electronic display. E-paper consists of two parts - a front plane made of e-ink microcapsules and a back plane of electronic circuits. The document describes how e-ink microcapsules work and different technologies used in e-paper like gyricon, electrophoretic display and electrowetting. It provides applications of e-paper and compares it to LCD displays. The document concludes that e-paper may replace paper in the future.

2. Date:3/04/2015
Team: Golden Girlzz
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E-PAPER TECHNOLOGY

3. INTRODUCTION
❏ E-Paper is also called Electronic Paper or Electronic
ink Display.
❏ The first E-Paper was
developed in 1974’s
by “Nicholas K Sheridon”
at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Centre.

4. ❏ It is a display unit.
❏ E-Paper is flexible.
❏ A digital pen is also
used to create handwritten
document.

5. CONSTRUCTION OF E-PAPER
❏ It has two different parts.
➔ Front plane
➔ Back plane
❏ The front plane consist of E-ink.
❏ The back plane consist of electronic circuits.
❏ To form an E-ink electronic display the ink is printed
onto a plastic film that is laminated to a layer of circuitry.

6. Front plane
❏ The front plane consist of E-ink.
❏ E-ink is made up of millions of
tiny microcapsules.
❏ Microcapsules have diameter of
the order of 100 microns.

7. ❏ Each microcapsule contains positively charged white
particles and negatively charged black particles
suspended in a clear fluid .
❏ When a positive or negative electric field is applied,
corresponding particles move to the top of the
microcapsule where they become visible to the viewer.
This makes the surface appear white or black at that
spot.

8. BACKPLANE LAYOUT
❏ The backplane controls each pixel or segment to formulate
the image on the E-paper.
❏ Provides appropriate voltages to control each pixel or
segment of the backplane.

9. TECHNOLOGIES PROPOSED SO
FAR
❏ Gyricon
❏ Electrophoretic display
❏ Electrowetting

10. GYRICON
❏ It was the first electronic paper and was developed in
1970’s.
❏ Consists of polyethylene spheres having diameter
between 75-106 micrometers.
❏ Each sphere is composed of negatively charged black
plastic on one side and positively charged white plastic
on the other

11. ❏ These spheres are embedded in transparent silicone
made sheet, with each sphere suspended in a bubble
of oil so that they can rotate freely
❏ The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair of
electrodes then determines whether the white or black
side is face-up, thus giving the pixel a white or black
appearance.

12. ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY
❏ 2 screen layers of width (10-100) µm
❏ Tiny capsules between layers
❏ There are millions of titania capsules between the two
layers
❏ Each capsule is about 5 microns wide.

13. How do the capsules work?

14. But how does this make letters
appear on the screen!?
● Thousands of electrodes under
the screen emit positive and
negative electrical charges.
● When a negative charge is emitted,
the negatively charged black
particles are repelled and are
pushed to the top of the capsule.

15. ● When a positive charge is
emitted, the positively charged
white particles are repelled
and are pushed to the
top of the capsule.
● Thousands of electrodes and millions of microcapsules
work together to create letters and images on the eReader
screen.

16. USING COLOUR FILTERS
• It uses microcapsules technology to
produce colour display
• Every colour has some particular voltage
levels

17. ELECTRO-WETTING
❏ It is used to display coloured images.
❏ When a voltage is applied between the electrode and
the water, the tension between the water and the
coating changes. As a result the water is to move the oil
aside.
❏ This makes a partly transparent pixel, or, if a reflective
white surface is under the switchable element, a white
pixel. Because of the small pixel size, the user only
experiences the average reflection, which provides a
high-brightness, high-contrast switchable element.

18. ❏ The switching between white and colored reflection is
fast enough to display video content.
❖ Features:
- Fast switching
- Low voltage
- Video support

19. ECO-Sign
ECO Sign modules are low power E-paper displays
devices that are wirelessly updated from a central point,
with a local router, then communicating with a number of
individually or group addressable units within range
The system consists of:
● an display with the ability to display images received
wirelessly
● A Router that can receive data via USB from a PC
● An application SW with pre-defined templates that uses
the data provided by the end user to update the display

20. E-Paper Kits
E-Paper Display kits were developed to enable easy
programming and updating of E-Paper displays from your
PC.
The kit includes:
● E-Paper display
● Timing controller
Genarates from a single supply voltage, all the required voltages
and
current profile for the display during updates.
● Picture Generator
For generating display data on a interface to the display, based on
data
received via USB.
● USB Cable

21. COMPARISON OF E-PAPER & LCD

22. ADVANTAGES
❏ Paper-like readability
❏ Long Battery life
❏ Powerless image retain
❏ Thin and Light in weight
❏ Perfect for mobile displays

23. ❏ Flexible
❏ Simple Manufacturing process
❏ Reusable technology
❏ Ease in information downloading

24. DISADVANTAGES
❏ Low refresh rate
Example: Zooming
❏ Ghosting
Solution: refresh several times

25. APPLICATIONS
➢ Digital ID Tags
➢Digital Price Boards
➢Books, NewsPapers and
Magazines

26. ➢Status Display
➢Time Table at Stations and Price Labels in
Supermarkets
➢Wristwatches

27. ➢Mobile phones
➢Animated Textured Wall
➢Flexible Furniture

28. FUTURE SCENARIO
❏ It could change the way you receive daily news paper

29. ❏ Textbooks could be digitized on E-Paper.

30. Within 5 years you will
see a paper of
magazine quality with
video

31. CONCLUSION
Researches found that in just few years this technology
can replace paper in many situations, leading us to think of
a truly paperless world.

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