E-paper was invented in 1974 by Nicholas K. Sheridon using his Gyricon material. It uses microcapsules filled with charged white and black particles to display text and images in a way that resembles paper. Early e-paper had low resolution but modern applications include e-book readers, mobile phones, signs, and other displays. E-paper saves trees compared to paper and has advantages like being readable in any light, flexible, and using no power to maintain a display. Future developments may include color e-paper and replacing printed materials like books and newspapers.

1. E-paper: History, present,
future:
 CREATED BY :Aniruddha S. Jadhav
 REFERENCE: Wikipedia, Google
 Guided by: Prashant Tidke Sir

2.  Definition: E-paper ( electronic paper) is a
portable, reusable storage and display medium
that looks like paper but can be repeatedly written Nicholas K. Sheridon
on (refreshed) - by electronic means - thousands
or millions of times just like a hard disk, pen drive
etc..
 The father of epaper was Nicholas K. Sheridon. He
invent the Gyricon material from which e-paper
will be created.
 The epaper will be created in the era of 1974

3. Born of epaper
•This is the Gyricon material invented
by Nicholas K. Sheridon
•With the help of this material the E-
paper will be created
• in the 1970s, Xerox Palo Alto Gyricon material (Credit: Xerox)
Research Center was a powerhouse of
innovation
•one of the first pieces of
Gyricon material to be made, about 2
centimeters on a side from the 1974
era
The first E-paper in 1974

4. How the words/image seen on the E-paper?
- - - - -
+ + + + +
•When a +ve electric field is applied to the top
electrode and a -ve electric field is applied to
the bottom electrode, black particles move to
the top of microcapsule and white particles
move to the bottom of the microcapsule where
they become visible, making the
pixel(microcapsule).
•One microcapsule is 100 microns in diameter
• To increase the resolution of the image each
microcapsule can be controlled by more then
one electrode on each side, allowing it to appear
half black and half white
• By creating a large array of these tiny
microcapsules it is possible to create a dot
matrix , just like the pixel matrix on an LCD
display.

5. How many trees cut for a paper?
From 17 trees thier will be produced 1
tonn(1000 kg) paper.
In india the paper will be largly used in
banking,offices,schools and colleges,
newspaper, their will be 5000
newspaper publish over in india. So
just imagine that how many trees are
cutted down every year in INDIA then
in ASHIA & then in WORLD
So Deforestation ,carbon
dioxide,depletion of ozone
layer,pollution, lack of rain will be rise
due to cutting the trees.
So by using the epaper the trees are
saved largly, water also saved .

6. Applications of E-paper and Its Present-Day
Technology Status
•Clearly, great progress has been made in the field of e-paper since the invention of
Gyricon. Various well known Companies , are continuing to develop e-paper
technology
•Education: digital schoolbooks: In January 2007, the Dutch specialist in e-Paper
edupaper.nl started a pilot project in a secondary school in Maastricht, using e-Paper as
digital schoolbooks to reduce costs and students' daily burden of books
•Wristwatches: In December 2005 Seiko released their Spectrum SVRD001
wristwatch,which has a flexible electrophoretic display

7. •Displays embedded in smart cards:
Flexible display cards enable financial
payment cardholders to generate a one-
time password to reduceonline
bankingand transaction fraud.
Electronicpaper could offer a flat and
thin alternative to existing key fob
tokens for data security
•Cell phones:Motorola's low-cost
mobile phone, theMotorola F3, also
uses an alphanumericblack/white
electrophoretic display.
Digital photo frame
•Information board

8. Shopping mall:
In shopping mall,
their will used e-
paper as shown in
the figure
e-Books:
In late 2007, Amazon began producing
and marketing the AmazonKindle, an e-
book reader with an e-paper display. In
February 2009, Amazon released the
Kindle 2 and in May 2009 the larger
KindleDX was announced. In July 2010
the third generation Kindle was
announced.

9. Future of E-paper
The next generation of e-paper
readers will add color, include
improved hardware that can
refresh pages more quickly, and
have more advanced wireless
capabilities.
Epaper reader may soon replace
the age-old newspaper & possibly
Even certain types of books

10. In future we can
see the direct
video paper

11. Advantages of epaper
 High resolution (150dpi or better).
 • High contrast, equal to that of print on paper (about 10:1 or better).
 • Readable in any ambient light conditions
 • Readable at any viewing angle
 • Excellent ergonomic features, easy to hold, carry, and use.
 • Light weight, at most comparable to an equal sized sheet of card.
 • Robust, will withstand being dropped, hit, etc.
 • Flexible, or at least bendable.
 • Cheap, maybe not as cheap as paper, but easily affordable by
everyone.
 • Reasonable large area, preferably A4 (298x212mm)
 • Bistable, once a display is written it will stay displayed even when
power is switched off.
 Due to use of epaper the trees are saved