This document summarizes a seminar presentation on electronic paper technology. It discusses the history and development of e-paper, including early work by Sheridon at Xerox and challenges with word processing PCs. It outlines the main technologies used in e-paper like Gyricon, electrophoretic, electro-wetting, and electro-fluidic displays. The document explains how e-paper works and its technical aspects. It discusses the impact and applications of e-paper as well as advantages like low power and reusability and disadvantages like low refresh rates. Finally, it covers challenges, the future potential of e-paper, and concludes that it will co-exist with traditional displays.

1. Seminar on

2. E PAPER TECHNOLOGY
Presented by Under The Guidance Of
R.S.Gangannavar Prof. M.S.JOLAD
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Earlier Overview
• Technology Used
• How E Paper Works
• Technical Aspects
• Impact Of E Paper
• Applications
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Challenges Created By E Paper
• The Future Scenario
• Conclusion

4. Introduction
• Traditional Papers
•Reliable, Good Readability,
High Contrast
• E Paper
•Reusable, Future paper
• Printed words cannot change
• No Backlight..!

5. Earlier Overview
• Nicholus K Sheridon at Xerox research centre
• World 1st Office & Word Processing PC by
Xerox
• Office PC’s Drawbacks
• 18 months -> Electronic Capillarity
• Unrealistic Work Schedule

6. Technology Used
Gyricon Electrophoretic
E Paper
Electro-wetting Electro-fluidic

7. How E Paper Works..?
• E ink (Front plane)
• Electronics to generate Text & Image (Back plane)

8. Technical Aspects
o Gyricon:-
• A plastic within which a
liquid is encapsulated
•Bichromal front plane
•Limitations ->
• Low brightness
• Low resolution
• Lack of colour

9. Continued…
o Electophoretic front plane:-
• This technique is given by making some variation in Gyricon
method
• 1 um tiny particle & Hyrdocarbon oil with a dark coloured dye
• Placed between two parallel conducting sheets with distance of
10 to 100 um
• Good in brightness and resolution
• Limitations:
• Lack of colour
• Low refresh rate
• Flicker (Due to slow motion of particles from
end to end)
• Unsuitable for displaying animations and video

10. Continued…
• Cholesteric Liquid Crystal:
• By IBM, HP & Philips
• Most of drawbacks are overcome
o Electro-wetting:-
• Controls shape of water/oil interface on application of
voltage else remains flat
• Features:
• Fast switching
• Low voltage
• Video support

11. Continued…
o Electro fluidic:-
• Variation of electro-wetting display
• Tiny reservoirs employed
• Ex. Red Fluids

12. Impact Of E Paper
• US consumes world’s 1/3 of paper
• Cutting of trees
• Power consumption while production
•How we can contribute..?

13. Applications

14. Advantages
• Paper-like readability
• Ultra low power consumption
• Thin and Light in weight
• Perfect for mobile displays
• Twistable
• Simple Manufacturing process
• Reusable technology
• Ease in information downloading
• Libraries can be made

15. Disadvantages
• Low refresh rate
Example: Zooming
• Ghosting
Solution: flash

16. Challenges Created By E Paper
• Control over illegal downloads of e
books
• Data for Advertisement
• Duties of Teachers and Publishers
• Print related activities, Employment
and its resistance to change

17. Future Scenario
• Newspapers
• E books
• Cylindrical devices

18. Conclusion
Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays.
Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional PAPER and other display
technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on
the publishing industry. Ultimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to
become a display, bringing information out of the confines of traditional devices and
into the world around us.

19. Refrences
[1]Crowley, J. M.; Sheridon, N. K.; Romano, L. "Dipole moments of gyricon balls"
Journalof Electrostatics 2002, 55, (3-4), 247.
[2] Comiskey, B.; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa, H.; Jacobson, J. "An electrophoretic ink for
all-printed reflective electronic displays" Nature 1998, 394, (6690), 253-255.
[3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper.
[4] Blankenbach K, Schmoll A, Bitman A, Bartels F and Jerosch D 2008 Novel
highlyreflective and bistable electrowetting displays SID J. 16 237- 44
[5] Andersson, P.; Nilsson, D.; Svensson, P. O.; Chen, M.; Malmström, A.;
Remonen, T.;Kugler, T.; Berggren, M. "Active Matrix Displays Based onAll-Organic
Electrochemical Smart Pixels Printed on Paper" Adv Mater 2002, 14, (20), 1460-1464.
[6] Huitema, H. E. A.; Gelinck, G. H.; van der Putten, J. B. P. H.; Kuijk, K. E.; Hart, C.
M.;Cantatore, E.; Herwig, P. T.; van Breemen, A. J. J. M.; de Leeuw, D. M. "Plastic
transistors inactive-matrix displays" Nature 2001, 414, (6864), 599.
[7] http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/e-paper
[8] Advertisementindia.com

20. Queries…

21. Thank You…