Electronic paper was developed in the 1970s and aims to mimic the appearance of ordinary paper. It uses electrophoresis to control the orientation of charged microscopic particles using applied electric fields, allowing the paper to be read like normal paper but updated electronically. Some applications of e-paper include e-books, newspapers, and wristwatches. While e-paper has advantages like low power usage and flexibility, it also has disadvantages like low refresh rates and lack of color and animation compared to other displays. Future developments could make e-paper thin and flexible like magazines with higher brightness.

1. E - Paper
Nirav Joshi..
https://www.facebook.com/niravjoshi1993

2. Introduction
Electronic paper was developed in the
seventies by Xerox.
Made of flexible material, requiring ultra- low
power consumption, cheap to manufacture,
and most importantly, easy and convenient to
read.
The limitation of monitors which is backlight
hard on the human eye, while electronic
paper reflects light just like normal paper.

3. Electronic paper also has the potential to be
flexible because it is made of plastic.
Conti..

4. The spheres are embedded in a transparent
silicon sheet, with each sphere suspended in a
bubble of oil s o that they can rotate freely.
The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair
of electrodes then determines whether the white
or black side is face - up thus giving the pixel a
white or black appearance.
Construction

5. Electrophoresis is a process, which enables
separating molecules according to their size
and electrical charge by applying an electric
current.
Conti..

8. How it works
Electrophoresis is a process, which enables
separating molecules according to their size and
electrical charge by applying an electric current.
In an electrophoretic front plane, small charges
submicron particles are suspended in a
dielectric fluid .
When an electric filed is applied across the cell
or capsule, the ink particles will move towards
the electrode with the opposite charge.

9. The contrast is improved by using opposite
colored particles such as black and white -
and charging them with opposite polarities.
Conti..

10. Application
Education: (Digital School Books)
Wristwatches:
E- books:
Newspapers:
Cell Phones:
Status Displays:

11. Advantages
Keeps the image in the memory until it is erased.
Reflective Characteristics.
Excellent Visibility.
low power usage
flexibility
Better readability than most displays.
Electronic- ink can be printed in any surface,
choose you preferred level of magnification.

12. you can also use search to find
information quickly,
you have the option to print on to real
paper if required
It is also light and potentially inexpensive
Conti..

13. Disadvantage
very low refresh rate compared with other low-
power display technologies like LCD s.
Piracy has become a huge source of problems
for organizations in certain types of markets.
 it could be easy for organizations to lose a lot
of money from piracy
The technology behind E- paper cannot
support animation.

14. An imprint of an image may be visible after
refreshing parts of the screen. For Ghost
images.
This effect is reminiscent of screen burn- in
but unlike it, is solved after the screen is
refreshed several times.
This lack of color is huge disadvantage .
Colored images are of great value in
newspapers and magazines that requirement
not satisfied very well.
Conti..

15. Future of E-Paper
a person can comfortably carry in his or her
pocket.
The tube will contain a tightly rolled sheet of E-
paper out of a slit in the tube as a flat sheet, for
reading.
Information will be downloaded from an
overhead satellite.

16. The document reader will be used for E- mail, the
internet, books download from a digital library,
technical manuals newspapers, magazines etc.
E- paper technology is bright. In 10 to 20 years,
consumers might see large E- paper modules that
are as thin and as flexible as magazines are today,
with display brightness approaching that of
conventional print.
You might click on an image in a story, and it will
provide video or animation.
Conti..

22. Conclusion
Today, paper remains the most popular
document medium because of its credibility,
tangibility, ease of use, flexibility,
portability , and compatibility which has
made it difficult to replace.
 Even with the prevalence of computers and
online documents, the paperless office is more
used.

23.  we should reconsider the argument to
completely replace all paper documents
with electronic documents, and
consequently,.
we predict a co - existence between paper
and E-paper.
Conti..

26. https://www.facebook.co
m/niravjoshi1993