This document provides an overview of smart paper technology, also known as electronic paper or e-paper. It discusses the history and development of e-paper from early technologies like Gyricon to current electrophoretic displays. Construction involves a front electronic ink layer and backplane circuitry. E-paper provides benefits over LCD like a wide viewing angle, ability to read in sunlight, and not requiring power to hold images. Applications include e-readers, watches, signs, and other portable displays.
E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generation electronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers, watches and hand-held computers etc.
Like traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low cost. Research found that in just few years this technology could replace paper in many situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.
E-paper is a portable, reusable storage and display medium that looks like paper but can be repeatedly written on (refreshed) - by electronic means - thousands or millions of times.
E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generation electronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers, watches and hand-held computers etc.
Like traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low cost. Research found that in just few years this technology could replace paper in many situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.
E-paper is a portable, reusable storage and display medium that looks like paper but can be repeatedly written on (refreshed) - by electronic means - thousands or millions of times.
Electronic Paper is also called Electronic ink DisplayUnlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, E-paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper.It can be described as an easily transportable electronic display device that looks like real paper and can be rewritten millions of times.
what is Electronic-ink technology.
what is the variants of e-ink
what is the advantages of e-ink.
what is the disadvantages of e-ink.
difference between e-ink and e-paper
how does e-ink work?
what is electronic markets?
In these presentation ,we have discussed about E-paper technology and it's construction,advantages,disdvantages and applications. Also, future scopes of E-paper have been discussed.
Electronic Paper is also called Electronic ink DisplayUnlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, E-paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper.It can be described as an easily transportable electronic display device that looks like real paper and can be rewritten millions of times.
what is Electronic-ink technology.
what is the variants of e-ink
what is the advantages of e-ink.
what is the disadvantages of e-ink.
difference between e-ink and e-paper
how does e-ink work?
what is electronic markets?
In these presentation ,we have discussed about E-paper technology and it's construction,advantages,disdvantages and applications. Also, future scopes of E-paper have been discussed.
Nearest Adjacent Node Discovery Scheme for Routing Protocol in Wireless Senso...IOSR Journals
The broad significance of Wireless Sensor Networks is in most emergency and disaster rescue
domain. The routing process is the main challenges in the wireless sensor network due to lack of physical links.
The objective of routing is to find optimum path which is used to transferring packets from source node to
destination node. Routing should generate feasible routes between nodes and send traffic along the selected path
and also achieve high performance. This paper presents a nearest adjacent node scheme based on shortest path
routing algorithm. It is plays an important role in energy conservation. It finds the best location of nearest
adjacent nodes by involving the least number of nodes in transmission of data and set large number of nodes to
sleep in idle mode. Based on simulation result we shows the significant improvement in energy saving and
enhance the life of the network
A comparative study of various diagnostic techniques for CryptosporidiosisIOSR Journals
Diarrhoeal disease is a common complication of infection with HIV. Cryptosporidium has gained importance as an AIDS indicator disease and a cause of intractable diarrhoea in immunosuppressed individuals. This warranted a study of stool specimens of HIV positive patients with (n=60) and without (n=60) diarrhoea along with their HIV negative counterparts (n=200). Microscopic examination for ova and cysts were done using wet mount and Lugol’s iodine preparation. Smears were stained with Kinyoun Cold Acid Fast (KCAF) and Auramine ‘O’ fluorochrome (AOF) staining methods to identify Cryptosporidium oocysts. ELISA using Cryptosporidium microplate assay (alexon Inc) for detection of Cryptosporidium antigen was conducted on all stool specimens. By KCAF staining detection of Cryptosporidium in HIV positive subjects with diarrhoea was 20%, by AOF it was 7.5% and by ELISA the detection rate went up to 30%. All the detailed result were statistically compared taking KCAF staining as gold standard which revealed AOF staining to have sensitivity of 36.67% and specificity of 99.31% while ELISA was found to have sensitivity of 83.88% and specificity of 96.55%. Keeping in mind the present scenario of HIV infection in India and more so in Goa, it is recommended to include detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in routine parasitological examination of stool specimens and an urgent need to standardize a gold standard for various diagnostic tests presently available
Evaluation Of Analgesic And Anti Inflammatory Activity Of Siddha Drug Karuvil...IOSR Journals
The present study was carried out to validate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Karuvilanchi ver chooranam (KVC) (Root powder of Smilax zeylanica) in rodents. Analgesic study was carried out by using Eddy’s Hotplate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test and Anti inflammatory study was evaluated by Cotton pellet granuloma method and by plethysmometer method. The result of the analgesic activity evaluated using hot plate method revealed that the reaction time for mice was significantly increased in a dose dependent manner after one hour of oral administration. It was found that both KVC and Aspirin caused an inhibition on the writhing response induced by acetic acid. Doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of the KVC and aspirin respectively, could completely block the writhing response exhibited about 61.51 and 72.51% inhibition. In acute inflammation model, the formalin induced paw oedema was significantly reduced by all the doses of KVC used when compared to control (P<0.05). The results of cotton pellet granuloma method indicated that KVC in both doses significantly reduced the weight of the cotton pellet granuloma with a dose dependent effect. From the result it can be concluded that the trial drug Karuvilanchi Ver Chooranam has potent analgesic and anti inflammatory properties which confirmed the traditional use
Bayesian Estimation of Above-Average Performance in Tertiary Institutions: A ...IOSR Journals
Bayesian approach for parameter estimation has the capacity to yield more precise estimates than methods based on sampling theory. There are several common Bayesian models; in this study we applied Empirical Bayes (EB) model called Beta-binomial model. The study is motivated by the need to beam searchlight on universities, faculties or fields of study with graduates who may not be eligible for further educational pursuits. This study provides means of assessment or a basis of evaluation of students’ performances among faculties or fields of study and overall performance of a university. This study uses Bayesian methods of inference to estimate the proportion of above-average performance of graduates from the various faculties in University of Lagos. The model adopted generated results which are of smaller variances compared with variances of sample Proportions, showing that the posterior proportions generated are more efficient estimators. This is further evidenced in narrow widths of the computed confidence intervals. The overall result shows that the proportion of above-average performance of graduates of University of Lagos, who are eligible for further educational pursuits (i.e. higher degrees), is approximately 72% of the university graduates
In theoretical computer science and mathematics , the theory of computation is the branch that
deals with how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm. The field is
divided into three major branches: automata theory, computability theory, and computational complexity
theory.
In order to perform a rigorous study of computation, computer scientists work with a mathematical
abstraction of computers called a model of computation. There are several models in use such as Lambda
calculus, Combinatory logic, mu-recursive functions , but the most commonly examined is the Turing machine.
Computer scientists study the Turing machine because it is simple to formulate, can be analyzed and used to
prove results, and because it represents what many consider the most powerful possible "reasonable" model of
computation . It might seem that the potentially infinite memory capacity is an unrealizable attribute, but
any decidable problem solved by a Turing machine will always require only a finite amount of memory. So in
principle, any problem that can be solved (decided) by a Turing machine can be solved by a computer that has a
bounded amount of memory.
Analysis of Interfacial Microsstructure of Post Weld Heat Treated Dissimilar ...IOSR Journals
In Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), the main vessel which contains the primary sodium and supports the
core is suspended from the roof slab. The materials for construction for main vessel and roof slab are type 316LN austenitic
stainless steel and Carbon steel of grade A48P2, respectively. As the materials of construction are different, a transition joint
between austenitic stainless steel and C-steel is necessary. In this investigation the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the interfacial microstructure of as-welded and PWHTed type 316LN/C-steel joint welded with Inconel 182 was investigated. These joints were PWHTed to various temperatures between 898 to 973K for 1h and results were evaluated. From the above results, different methods to temper the martensitic structure or to change to an equilibrium structure without PWHT are also presented.
Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...IOSR Journals
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the eccentric physical training’s time on daily plasma concentrations of testosterone among sedentary athletes. Sixty male athletes, with homogeneous age, size and weight were selected for the study during three months. They were subjects to a strength training of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee. After they were divided in two groups of thirty subjects and then had physical training either in the morning between 6 and 7, or in the evening, between 16 and 17. The dosage of testosterone on each athlete was performed before and after submission to an eccentric physical program at the antecubital vein in a restful sitting. Our results have shown that eccentric physical training induces the increase of this steroid hormone in the two groups of athletes and the training in the evening promotes better its production. Our results also showed that the rate of this androgen drop significantly during the day in both groups of athletes trained in the morning or in the evening as well as their respective controls. However, the decline was even more pronounced for subjects trained in the morning
Seismic Study and Spatial Variation of b-value in Northeast IndiaIOSR Journals
Study of recent seismicity and b-value estimation by Least Square and Maximum Likelihood Estimation methods in five tectonic blocks of Northeast India demarcates indo Burma Belt, Main Central Thrust, Main Boundary Thrust, Shilling Plateau, Mikir Hills and Kopili Lineament as active seismic source of the region. Spatial variation of b-value is observed by dividing the study area into 10×10 grids. Higher b-value contours depict the highly seismic area with structural heterogeneity, while lower b-value contours indicate the areas under high stress. b-values are observed in the range of 0.437 - 0.908 and mostly concentrated around 0.7, indicating high stress accumulation.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 1, Ver. I (Jan. - Feb .2016), PP 42-46
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2834-11114246 www.iosrjournals.org 42 | Page
Smart Paper Technology a Review Based On Concepts of E-
Paper Technology
Adithya. Potu1
, R.Jayalakshmi2
, Dr.K.Umpathy3
( MTech(Edt)1
Associate Professor MTech 2
Associate Professor MTech3
,
Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering SCSVMV University)
Abstract: Smart paper is one of the next generation paper technologies . It is a portable reusable storage
display medium that in physical appearance looks like an ordinary paper but we can erase and write on it more
than a thousand million times. These smart papers have a battery power applications such as pager, watches,
hand held computer, cell phones etc.,
Smart paper is the technology used for applications such as ebooks, electronic newspaper, portable
signs & and foldable, rollable displays. It is reflective and can be easily read in bright sunlight and also dim or
dark environment. It can also be seen virtually in any angle just like a paper. It is light in weight from factor
allowing it to be ideal for highly portable application. It is also be low in cost.
In case of building a smart paper many new and different technologies exist in it for making it a
flexible device. It is not a digital paper which is written with a pad and digital pen.
Keywords : Smart paper, Epaper , Electronic ink, Construction ,Front plane, backplane, working, Gyricon ,
Electrophoretic, Electrowetting, electrofluiding, comparison of e-paper and LCD.
I. Introduction
Smart paper is another name for the e-paper or electronic paper which is the electronic ink display
technology which is designed to get the similar appearance of an ordinary ink on paper. It is also called Radio
paper or electronic ink display. The smart paper reflect light alike a conventional flat panel display. The main
aim of it is that this paper should be light weighted, lower cost, simple and with flexible display.
For building an e-paper or smart paper several technologies such as plastic substrate, electronics and
flexible electronics are being used. Smart paper has to be potential to be more comfortable to read than
conventional display because of the stable image that does not need to be refreshed constantly. A smart paper
display is also readable in direct sunlight without appearing faded image. The black and white ink on this paper
look similar to that most widely read material on the planet newspaper.
Applications of this include time table at bus stations, labels for showing the price in retail shops , e-
readers, e-paper magazines, general signage and Motorola Fone F3.
History
In the 1970's Xerox PARC which was a power house of innovation in which the modem computer ,
ethernet, mouse, GUI(Graphic user interface) , laser printer ,Computer generated color graphic as well as the
number of computer languages were invented around that time has lost this(e-paper) important breakthroughs
which was later invented by Nicholas Sheridon an employee at xerox PARC in 1974 .The first e-paper was
called Gyricon a Greek term meaning „rotating image‟ .The first e-paper consisted of polyethylene spheres of
about 75-106 micrometers across which are also called JENUS PARTICLE.
They consist of negatively charged black plastic on a side and positively charged white plastic on the
other. In a transparent silicon sheet these are embedded with each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil for their
free rotation. When the voltage is applied to the each pair of electrodes then it is used to find whether the black
or white side is face-up, thus giving the pixel a black or white appearance.
Later in the 1990's Joseph Jacobson has invented another type of e-papers which are called
microcapsules, filled with different electronically loaded white particles that were dissolved in a dark coloured
oil.
In the 1997 Jacobson has also found electronic ink and established a company on it which has become
a partner with Philips. In 2005 Philips sold its first e-paper and its rights to Prime View International. Then this
company has reintroduced the epaper technology with the well known Electrophoretic display technology
though the usage of microcapsules allowed display to be used on flexible plastic sheets rather than glass sheets.
In 2007, Amazon began producing and selling the Kindle, an e-book reader with e-paper display. In 2008, the
Dutch daily NRC HANDELSBLAD distributed for the iREXiLiad reader. In 2009 Jason Heikenfeld has tried to
2. Smart Paper Technology a Review Based On Concepts of E-Paper Technology
DOI: 10.9790/2834-11114246 www.iosrjournals.org 43 | Page
create products based on electrofluidic display technology and a process called pigment dispersion. In 2010 it
was further being researched using pixels. Now still the research is going on further and future development.
1. Construction of E-Paper
Basically, an epaper can be comprised into two different parts namely; a front panel and back panel.
the front panel consists of electronic ink and some other parts like the Gyricon whereas the back panel consists
of the electronic circuits .
Fig1.1:Back Panel Layout
For forming the electronic ink display the electronic ink is printed onto a plastic film which is laminated over a
layer of circuitry.
Fig1.2:Plastic Film Sheet Of Electronic Ink.
II. Working Of The Epaper
As read in the history after many years Gyricon eink has been created by Nicholes after a wide range
of study of tiny rotating particles. Based on a thin sheet of flexible plastic containing a thin layer of tiny plastic
beads which can free rotation within the plastic sheet.
Each and every hemisphere has a different charge and colour, when electric field applied as backbone
beads rotate. This occurs in the front plane. Later as the electrophoretic technology was developed which
consists of microcapsules has given a new form. some more new forms are described .
2.1 Gyricon
The first Gyricon was developed by Nicholas Sheridon. It consists of polyethylene spheres of diameter
between 75-106 micrometers. Each sphere is also called Janus particle composed of negatively charged black on
one side and positively charged white plastic on the other side. In this each and every hemisphere has its own
different colour and charge.
When an electric field is an applied as backbone then the beads in it rotate creating a di-coloured
pattern. When the electric polarity is applied to each pair of electrodes determines the white or black side is
face-up, thus giving up black or white appearance. This method has two limitations; one - lack of color, two -
low brightness and resolution.
3. Smart Paper Technology a Review Based On Concepts of E-Paper Technology
DOI: 10.9790/2834-11114246 www.iosrjournals.org 44 | Page
2.2 Electrophoretic Display
As there are some limitations with Gyricon, they have to be solved thus it had a solution called
Electrophoretic display. By using an applied electric field it forms visible images by rearranging charged
pigment particles. This consists of titanium oxide particles as microcapsules with one micrometer in diameter
dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil which contains a dark coloured dye along with the surfactants and charging
agents.
If some voltage is supplied across the two plates , the particles will move to the plate which is
bearing the opposite charge from that of the particles. When a negative electric field is applied the particles
move to bottom and thus there is hidden view. When a positive electric field is applied the particles move to top
and thus there is a image or text generated by the white particles.
Fig2.1: Pigmented Particles Of Electrophoretic Display
Electrophoretic displays was generally developed by Philips research which was manufactured using
electronics on plastic by Laser release (EPLar) process which has enabled the existing AM-LCD
manufacturing plants for the creation of flexible displays.
2.3 Electronic Ink
Basically, an electronic ink is combination of tiny plastic well particles and flexible particles well
which consists of both black and white particles suspended by with a clear fluid. The black and white have
opposite charge which is appeared on giving an electrical supply embeds underneath or to top or both sides of
the layer to create an E display .
Fig2.2: Cross Section Electronic Ink Particles.
The main disadvantage of this is the particles moving from upside down.
2.4 Electrowetting
Based on the controlling of the shape of a confined water or oil interface by an applied voltage
electrowetting is obtained . The oil forms a film with no voltage between electrode and water, when voltage is
applied the coating changes. As a result no stable state for stacked state. It results in the party transparent pixel,
or, in case of reflective white surface that is being used under switchable element of white pixels. The
switching between white and colour reflection is fast enough to display the content
4. Smart Paper Technology a Review Based On Concepts of E-Paper Technology
DOI: 10.9790/2834-11114246 www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page
2.5 Electro Fluidic Display
It is different from the above types of display. An aqueous pigment dispersion inside a tiny reservoir is
placed by the electro fluidic display. 5-10% viewable pixel area is present in the reservoir. For pulling the
pigment out of the reservoir voltage is applied. Liquid surface tension creates the pigment dispersion which
helps to rapidly recoil into the reservoir when voltage is removed.
III. Comparision of Smart paper with LCD display
EE-- iinnkk ddiissppllaayy LLiiqquuiidd CCrryyssttaall DDiissppllaayyss
It has a Wide viewing angle It has the Best image from
only one position.
Black on paper white . Gray on Gray
It can be read in sunlight. It cannot be seen in sunlight
It holds images without Drain It requires power to hold the
images.
It has plastic or glass sheets. Glass sheets only.
It is light weighted. It is heavy relatively.
Its thickness is nearly equal to
1mm.
Its thickness 7mm.
IV. Applications
In Wrist watches : in 2005 Seiko company has used for their Spectrum, in 2010 the same Seiko
released another advanced E- watch. Not only that there are also some types of Matrix watches in which E-ink
Display is used.
fig4.1:A MATRIX WRIST WATCH (from BASEWORLD)
In E-books: In 2007 Amazon Kindle was released .In 2009 Amazon released Kindle2 , in the same
year larger kindle dx was released and now until November 2015 amazon Kindle store contains four million
kinds of eBooks.
fIg4.2: THE FIRST GENERATION KINDLE(from WIKIPEDIA).In cell phones such as Motorola
fonef3andSamsungAlias .
5. Smart Paper Technology a Review Based On Concepts of E-Paper Technology
DOI: 10.9790/2834-11114246 www.iosrjournals.org 46 | Page
fig4.3: MOTOROLA F3 FONE (from WIKIPEDIA)
In status displays such as USB flash drive to display status information such as storage.
In case of digital school book, in 2007 Jan, the Dutch specialist has used for edupaper.nl
It is also used for Digital Photo Frame in order to overcome the disadvantages of high quality, power supply and
wide viewing angle.
V. Conclusion
The technology keeps on changing. From the 1990's until today the smart paper technology is almost
continuously used. Though it has the updates in between 1990 -2010 which we are still using in our daily life we
are still trying for its advancement. It is used for decreasing the usage of LCD display also. Thus it would be the
most evergreen thing being updated. Alike a human life is used make many things the electronic ink display or
smart paper technology can be used make many wonders. The e-paper can also communicate satellite and other
computer easily .And for the further more updates the researchers are thinking of making a paperless world by
using the smart papers. Finally, there would be a more usage of E-paper technology rather than an LCD and an
ordinary paper.
References
[1]. Epaper ppt e paper.ppt/slideshare.net
[2]. E-paper technology .http://pedian.com/seminar/e-paper-technology-seminar-report.pdf.ppt-abstract.php
[3]. A seminar report on E-Paper "http://www. seminarsonly.com /computer%20%science/E-paper-technology.php
[4]. “Advantages of Electronic Paper”.
http://www/wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_of_electronic_paper#ixzz28EtL5VtL.
[5]. “Electronic Paper”. from http://www.enwikipedia.org/wiki/electronic-paper.
[6]. “Electronic-Paper: The Electronic Display of the future by Akwukwuma, V.V.N. and F.O. Chete. 2012.”. Pacific Journal of Science
and Technology. http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.html
[7]. E-paper Central. 2010. “E-Paper Technologies Reference Guide”.http://www.epapercentral.com/epaper-technologies-guide.
[8]. Genuth, I. 2007. “The Future of Electronic Paper”. http://thefutureofthings.com/articles.
[9]. E-paper Catalog. 2011. “List of Online Papers and E-papers”. http://www.epapecatalog.com/nigeria-epapers.
[10]. Sheridon, N. 2007. “The future of Electronic Paper” .http://www.thefutureofthings.com/articles.
[11]. Daimaon, G. 2005. “The First Watch that uses Flexible E-Paper “
[12]. http://en.akihabaranaus.com/15738/mis/the-first-watch-uses-flexible-e-papaer-hits-the-stores.
[13]. AmazonKindle ."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindle."