Docker Security: Are Your Containers Tightly Secured to the Ship?
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Docker is hot, Docker security is not? In this talk the risks, benefits and defenses of Docker are discussed. They are followed up by some best practices, which can you use in your daily activities. What is clear is that there is still a lot to do to get your containers secured. Event: Docker Amsterdam Meetup - January 2015 This presentation was given by Michael Boelen, January 23rd at Schuberg Philis. The event was organized by Mark Robert Coleman with help of Harm Boertien. With a full house of people, Docker security was discussed. About the author: Michael Boelen is founder of CISOfy and researches Linux security to build tools and documentation, to simplify it for others. Examples are tools like Rootkit Hunter and Lynis, blog posts and presentations.
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Docker Security: Are Your Containers Tightly Secured to the Ship?
- 1. Docker Amsterdam Meetup - January 2015 1 Docker Security Are Your Containers Tightly Secured To The Ship? Michael Boelen CISOfy
- 2. 2 whoami Michael Boelen ◼ Founder of CISOfy ◼ Open Source developer: Rootkit Hunter and Lynis ◼ Passion for Linux security / auditing ◼ Blogging about it: Linux-Audit.com
- 3. 3 Docker and Me My Reasons Understanding: New technology Development: Docker security scan (Lynis plugin) Using it: Server deployments
- 4. 4 Docker and Security The Research... Limited resources Outdated articles Security not important? Proposal: Let's fix these issues
- 5. 5 Docker and Security Proposal Tooling: simplify Linux security Articles about Docker security Provide input to projects Presentations → Lynis → Blog post → You! → In progress
- 6. 6 Goal What Stabilize the vessel Secure the containers
- 7. 7 Goal Photo credits: imagebase.net How Benefits Risks Defenses Best Practices
- 8. 8 Goal Why?
- 9. 9 Goal Data! Docker + Software = Data Sharing And... Protect it
- 10. 10 Warning From this point, there might be lies...
- 11. 11 Security Benefits of Docker
- 12. 12 Security Benefits Segregation ◼ The „Holy Grail“ of security ◼ Smaller units means more control
- 13. 13 Security Benefits Granular control ◼ Limit users, access and data ◼ Easier to understand ◼ Easier to defend
- 14. 14 Security Benefits Information Disclosure ◼ Decreased data leakage ◼ Less resources available
- 15. 15 Docker Risks
- 16. 16 Docker Risks Software security ◼ Bugs ◼ Security vulnerabilities ◼ Regular updates needed ◼ Backdoors? Auditing?
- 17. 17 Docker Risks Knowledge gap ◼ IT auditor ◼ Your colleagues ◼ You...?
- 18. 18 Docker Risks Does Not Contain ◼ No full isolation (yet) ◼ Handle containers as a host ◼ Know strengths and weaknesses
- 20. 20 Docker Defenses Docker Website ◼ HTTPS ◼ Digital signatures ◼ Images verified after downloading
- 21. 21 Docker Defenses Docker Containers ◼ Namespaces and cgroups ◼ Seccomp ◼ Capabilities ◼ Frameworks Copyright Docker, Inc
- 22. 22 Docker Defenses Namespaces ◼ Isolates parts of the OS ◼ PID namespaces ◼ Network namespaces ◼ User namespaces → Not really!
- 23. 23 Docker Defenses Namespaces (cont.) ◼ IPC namespaces (process communication) ◼ UTS namespaces (hostname/NIS) ◼ Mount namespaces
- 24. 24 Docker Defenses Seccomp ◼ Secure computing mode ◼ Filters syscalls with BPF ◼ Isolation, not virtualization ◼ Used in Chrome, OpenSSH, vsftpd, LXD and Mbox
- 25. 25 Docker Defenses Seccomp ◼ Default list of blocked calls ◼ kexec_load ◼ open_by_handle_at ◼ init_module ◼ finit_module ◼ delete_module
- 26. 26 Docker Defenses Control Groups (cgroups) ◼ Restrict resources ◼ Prioritize ◼ Accounting ◼ Control
- 27. 27 Docker Defenses Capabilities ◼ = Root user, split into roles ◼ Default list of allowed capabilities ◼ --cap-add / --cap-drop ◼ Combine (e.g. add all, drop a few)
- 28. 28 Docker Defenses Capability Functionality CAP_AUDIT_WRITE Audit log write access CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL Configure Linux Audit subsystem CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE Override kernel MAC policy CAP_MAC_ADMIN Configure kernel MAC policy CAP_NET_ADMIN Configure networking CAP_SETPCAP Process capabilities CAP_SYS_MODULE Insert and remove kernel modules CAP_SYS_NICE Priority of processes CAP_SYS_PACCT Process accounting CAP_SYS_RAWIO Modify kernel memory CAP_SYS_RESOURCE Resource Limits CAP_SYS_TIME System clock alteration CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG Configure tty devices CAP_SYSLOG Kernel syslogging (printk) CAP_SYS_ADMIN All others
- 29. 29 Docker Defenses AppArmor / SELinux ◼ MAC frameworks ◼ Help with containment ◼ Learning them now, will pay off later
- 30. 30 Docker Defenses Audit subsystem ◼ Developed by Red Hat ◼ Files / system calls ◼ Monitors the (system | file) integrity
- 31. 31 Docker Defenses Audit (example) # Time related calls -a always,exit -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k time-change -a always,exit -S clock_settime -k time-change # Hostname and domain -a always,exit -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale # Password files -w /etc/group -p wa -k identity -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity -w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity -w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k identity
- 33. 33 Best Practices Harden your Host ◼ Security = Defense in Depth ◼ Use AppArmor / SELinux / GRSEC ◼ Limit users / services / network
- 34. 34 Best Practices Harden your Host (cont.) ◼ Update your kernel on a regular basis ◼ Stay up-to-date with Docker ◼ Limit Docker permissions
- 35. 35 Best Practices Harden your Containers ◼ Use AppArmor / SELinux ◼ Drop capabilities (man capabilities) ◼ Filter syscalls (seccomp) ◼ Network filtering (iptables)
- 36. 36 Best Practices Docker News ◼ Stay informed ◼ Follow the Docker blog ◼ Keep an eye on Docker/LXC news
- 37. 37 Best Practices Docker Management ◼ Encrypt connections ◼ Configure and use TLS ◼ Set the DOCKER_HOST and DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY variable
- 38. 38 Best Practices SSH in containers ◼ Don't use this.. ◼ Use “docker exec -it mycontainer bash” instead
- 39. 39 Best Practices Read-Only ◼ Mounts ◼ Data ◼ Configuration
- 40. 40 Best Practices User Mappings* ◼ Map users to non-privileged ◼ /etc/subuid ◼ /etc/subgid * when available
- 41. 41 Best Practices Don't Trust ◼ Verify downloads ◼ Be careful with images from others ◼ Measure / monitor
- 42. 42 Next Step.. Check out Linux-Audit.com Scan your systems → Lynis Connect with me: E-mail michael@cisofy.com Twitter @mboelen Google+ +MichaelBoelen Web https://cisofy.com Blog http://linux-audit.com
- 44. 44