The document summarizes a study evaluating the dissolution behavior of 500mg Paracetamol tablets according to USP guidelines using the paddle method. The study found that 126.2% of the Paracetamol dissolved within 30 minutes, meeting the USP and BP standards of dissolving at least 80% within 30 minutes. The paddle apparatus and UV spectrophotometry were used to test six tablets and obtain dissolution profiles. The results indicate the tested Paracetamol tablets meet pharmacopeial standards for dissolution.
drug execipent compatibilty studies is of prime importance for the better formulation of the new drug and also for reducing cost by verfication of the data at the earlier atage.
this presentation will give the brief explanation of the goal, importance, dteps involve to studi the drug execient compatibility studies with different examples suitable accordiingly.
Physics of Tablet compression is very useful during study of the tablet. It contains the mechanism of tablet compression. It also contains the process of tablet compression.
Dissolution, factors affecting drug dissolution, methods to evaluate dissolution, advantages and disadvantages, recent approaches--these are the topics covered in this presentation.
drug execipent compatibilty studies is of prime importance for the better formulation of the new drug and also for reducing cost by verfication of the data at the earlier atage.
this presentation will give the brief explanation of the goal, importance, dteps involve to studi the drug execient compatibility studies with different examples suitable accordiingly.
Physics of Tablet compression is very useful during study of the tablet. It contains the mechanism of tablet compression. It also contains the process of tablet compression.
Dissolution, factors affecting drug dissolution, methods to evaluate dissolution, advantages and disadvantages, recent approaches--these are the topics covered in this presentation.
it describes the controlled drug release by diffusion or dissolution or both or swelling or erosion and which kinetics it follows either zero,first , higuchi or peppas
Dissolution is mass transfer process.
Dissolution is mainly depend on aqueous solubility of drug.
It is process in which solid mass transfer in liquid medium.
Dissolution based on four process – 1. wetting 2. solubility 3. Swelling 4. diffusion.
Particle size, shape, surface area is important factor can affect the rate of dissolution of drug.
The aqueous solubility is increases, increases rate of dissolution drug
“It is a process by which a drug leaves a drug product
& is subjected to ADME & eventually becoming
available for pharmacological action.”
It involves the study of drug release rate, dissolution
/diffusion/erosion studies and the study of factors
affecting release rate of the drug.
STUDY OF MPS UNDER STRESSED CONDITIONSvivatechijri
This study is done to access the chemical stability of the candidate compound in the pharmaceuticals.
Usually, it is performed at the preliminary stage in the process of drug development. Forced degradation/ stress
testing is performed under accelerated environment. The experimental conditions cause the candidate compound
to degrade under extreme conditions like acid and base hydrolysis, peroxide oxidation, photo-oxidation and
thermal stability to identify the resultant degradation products. This helps to establish degradation pathways and
thus intrinsic stability of a drug substance. The stability of product describes shelf life and storage conditions and
helps in the selection of appropriate formulations and their suitable packaging. This is compulsory for regulatory
documentation. The commonly used analytical approach for FDS is HPLC with UV and/ or MS but these
techniques consume a lot of time and not provide high resolution to confirm the precise detection of degradation
products. Use of UPLC with photodiode array and MS analysis supports the identification of degradation
products and also reduces the time needed to evolve stability indicating methods.
Abstract:
The Chronopharmacotherapy the drug administration is synchronised with circadian rhythms Formulation development of Microspheres is more reliable formulation as compare to single type dosage formulation due to it avoids dose dumping, as per required drug release profile is achieved For microspheres many polymers are used such as albumin, gelatine, starch, Eudragit, Polyacrylamide (“PAM”) these material loading capacity is high. Micro sponges which are Spherical are called as micro-balloons. Due to its hollow structure it shows good floating properties. In these systems use of Carbon-dioxide (CO2) as gas generating system which are used for floating purpose. The objective of present investigation is to prepared and evaluate a floating pulsatile drug delivery system of Aceclofenac. The strategy adopted for microspheres containing Aceclofenac as a material were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Drug and polymer were mixed in dichloromethane and ethanol at 1:1 ratio. The drug and polymer solution were poured in water 50% W/V polyvinyl alcohol maintained at 30-40 C and the solution was stir at 500rpm using mechanical stirrer, The microspheres obtain were washed repeatedly with water until free from poly vinyl alcohol. The developed formulations were evaluated yield of floating microspheres particle size and shape, drug entrapment efficiency in-vitro evolution of floating ability, in-vitro drug release study. On the basis of these evolution parameters it was found that optimised floating pulsatile release formulation F7 showed higher drug entrapment efficiency floating time 6.8 minutes and the drug and polymer 32 1:3 ratio the particle size was increased.
Key Words: Chronopharmacotherapy, Floating pulsatile drug delivery, Aceclofenac.
Introduction to Dissolution equipment's, Calibration of dissolution apparatus, Dissolution procedure development and validation, Dissolution method development for generic drug products.
Formulation and Evaluation of Unidirection Bucco- Adhesive Tablet of Sumatrip...Ajay Champaneri
The objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate PEO WSR
301 bucco-adhesive tablet in combination with Carbopol 934p for controlled
release of Sumatriptan Succinate. To bypass high hepatic first pass metabolism,
unidirection bucco-adhesive tablet is selected dosage form for the experimental
work. Initially preliminary trials were carried out for the selection of excipients
and their relative quantity for incorporation in the dosage form. From the results,
Polyethylene oxide-PEO WSR 301 (mucoadhesive polymer) and Carbopol 934p
(control release) were selected as a suitable excipients for experimentation.
Composition of the mucoadhesive tablet was optimized using 32 full factorial
design where amount of PEO WSR 301 (X1) and amount of Carbopol 934p (X2)
were taken as independent variables and mucoadhesive strength, Drug release
at 6 hour and % swelling index taken as response variables. The formulations of
design batches were characterized for post compression parameters like weight
variation, hardness, thickness, friability, Drug content, swelling index, ex-vivo
Mucoadhesive strength, and surface pH, drug release at 6 hr., ex-vivo residence
time, and curve fitting analysis. The optimized formulation was obtained using
Minitab software based on desirability value. Characterization of optimized
batch was carried out by, ex-vivo permeation study.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
1. SALUM MKATA B.PHARM 3. 1
DATE: 28/05/2014
PRACTICAL REPORT ON DISSOLUTION TEST FOR PARACETAMOL
AIM: Evaluation of Dissolution Behavior of 500mg Paracetamol Tablets
(ZenadolTM
by ZENUFA), according to the USP (US. Pharmacopeia) using paddle
method.
INTRODUCTION AND THEORY:
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, or APAP, chemically named N-acetyl-
p-aminophenol, is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic (pain reliever) and
antipyretic (fever reducer). Paracetamol is the International Nonproprietary Name
(INN), Australian Approved Name (AAN) and British Approved Name (BAN),
while acetaminophen is the United States Adopted Name (USAN) and Japanese
Adopted Name (JAN).
Paracetamol is classified as a mild analgesic. It is commonly used for the relief of
headaches and other minor aches and pains and is a major ingredient in numerous
cold and flu remedies. In combination with opioid analgesics, paracetamol can also
be used in the management of more severe pain such as post-surgical pain and
providing palliative care in advanced cancer patients. Though paracetamol is used
to treat inflammatory pain, it is not generally classified as an NSAID because it
exhibits only weak anti-inflammatory activity.
A main purpose of solid dosage form is to make available to the human body a
certain and defined amount of the active substance through the gastrointestinal
system. Studies on the bioavailability of drugs from a given dosage form revealed
that, in many situations, solid dosage forms with the same therapeutic effect. This
fact is ascribed to differences in physical characteristics of the active compound in
2. SALUM MKATA B.PHARM 3. 2
formulation factors or in technological processes used by different manufacturers,
resulting in different bioavailability profiles. Pharmaceutical availability or in vitro
availability is one of aspects of drug bioavailability. Of the tests that can be
performed on drug solid s the DISSOLUTION TEST is considered to be
sensitive, reliable and rational for predicting in vivo drug bioavailability behavior.
DISSOLUTION TEST :In the pharmaceutical industry, drug dissolution testing is
routinely used to provide critical in vitro drug release information for both quality
control purposes, i.e., to assess batch-to-batch consistency of solid oral dosage
forms such as tablets, and drug development, i.e., to predict in vivo drug release
profiles.
In vitro drug dissolution data generated from dissolution testing experiments can
be related to in vivo pharmacokinetic data by means of in vitro-in vivo correlations
(IVIVC). A well established predictive IVIVC model can be very helpful for drug
formulation design and post-approval manufacturing changes.
The main objective of developing and evaluating an IVIVC is to establish the
dissolution test as a surrogate for human studies, as stated by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). Analytical data from drug dissolution testing are sufficient
in many cases to establish safety and efficacy of a drug product without in vivo
tests, following minor formulation and manufacturing changes. Thus, the
dissolution testing which is conducted in dissolution apparatus must be able to
provide accurate and reproducible results.
Several dissolution apparatuses exist. In United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
General Chapter <711> Dissolution, there are four dissolution apparatuses
standardized and specified. They are:
• USP Dissolution Apparatus 1 - Basket (37°C)
• USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 - Paddle (37°C)
• USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 - Reciprocating Cylinder (37°C)
• USP Dissolution Apparatus 4 - Flow-Through Cell (37°C)
3. SALUM MKATA B.PHARM 3. 3
USP Dissolution Apparatus 2 is the most widely used apparatus among these four.
And one we are going to discuss.
APPARATUS AND MATERIAL USED:
APPARATUS USED:
a) 1 cm-3 pipette (or plastic syringe)
b) 1 dm-3
measuring cylinder
c) Stopwatch
d) wiper
e) 1 dm-3
beaker
f) filter paper
g) UV-VIS.
SPEPECTROMETER
h) Thermometer
i) Droppers
j) Beakers
k) Flasks
l) Filter papers
m) Dissolving machine
n) Analytical scale
o) Dissolution test machine.
p) Pipette
Fig.1.Dissolution test machine.
REAGENTS USED:
a) 0.1N sodium hydroxide.
b) Phosphate buffer PH- 5.8 .
c) Six paracetamol tablets.500mg(zenadolTM
by Zenufa-sample)
4. SALUM MKATA B.PHARM 3. 4
PROCEDURE
According to the US pharmacopeia, the following procedures done during
experiment.
1) Six Paracentamol tablets were weighed by using analytical balance and their
weights were recorded along with the mean weight M1.
2) 900mls of pH 5.5 phosphate buffer was added in each of the six vessels of
apparatus ii (paddle), at temperature of 370
C.
3) As the machine operated, one tablets was kept in each vessels at (0, 1,
2,3,4,5 minutes intervals respectively) while the machine operated at the
rotation of the paddle speed of 50rpm.
4) After 30 minutes of operation, sample 1( of more than 2mls) was taken from
the1 and 1 minute later, second sample from the vessel 2 and so on until all
vessels had been sampled and put into the corresponding sample beakers
after filtration through using filter papers.
5) Proper dilution was then done using 0.1M Na0H until 100cm3
6) Then these sample solutions were measured using the UV machine for their
absorbance.
7) Total amount of the paracentamol in each specimen was then found using
the equation Beer`s lambert law and dilution law.
8) Then the mean dissolved substances are compared with 0.00075%w/v to
obtain to obtain the percentage of the paracentamol dissolved.
Below is table we which obtain during the experiment.
TABLE.1
SAMPLE
NUMBER
Weight,W1(g) Absorbance,(AU)
1 0.5474 0.373
2 0.5848 0.780
3 0.5576 0.627
4 0.5471 0.739
5 0.5569 0.643
6 0.4995 0.596
5. SALUM MKATA B.PHARM 3. 5
DISCUSSION:
CALCULATION
Since the data obtained will be affected by extreme values, so that to avoid this
problem, the mean value must be calculated, as follows, the first value among of
the data obtained will be excluded since it is out of the range of the values so the
mean value will start from data number two.
Mean weight, M1 ( of weights) n
(0.5845+0.5576+0.5471+0.5569+0.4995)5=0.
But from Beer Lambert Law:
A=.b.c
Where A is the absorbance (mean absorbance)
is the molar absorptivity which is 715AU
b is path length which is 1cm.
c is the concentration of the solution used in the experiment (which is the
mean concentration).
AM = ( of absorbance) n = (0,780+0.6270+0.739+0.643+0.596) 5=0.677AU
Then, from the formular, c=A/.b0.677/715=9.469x10-4
Then percentage dissolved can be obtained by comparing with the 0.00075%w/v
from the BP.
% dissolved = (9.469x10-4
0.00075) x100%=126.253%
NOTE:
A paddle machine creates the similar conditions as that of the GIT in terms of the
movement and temperature. This cause the tablets to dissolve as it would have in
the GIT.
6. SALUM MKATA B.PHARM 3. 6
According to the information found in the USP and BP show that paracentamol
dissolve by 80% for 30minutes and that cause the concentration of the solution as
that of ZenadolTM
of Zenufa accepted that it is according to the BP standard in term
of the dissolution characteristics. The paddling machine is used to increase the
dissolution rate by decreasing the diffusion layer thickness,h,also maximize the
dissolution rate by increasing (Cs-C).There is other type of the machine called the
Basket type is used for easily soluble drugs, good examples are the chewable
drugs.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1) Poor calibrated machine.
2) Human error which are the parallax errors and the calculation errors.
3) Environmental contamination.
4) Human error due to contamination.
CONCLUSION AND ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT:
CONCLUSION:
According to the experiment done show that the Zenadol of ZENUFA has a
dissolution percentage of 126.2%. Which correspond to that found in the USP and
BP.
The in vitro dissolution rate of a drug from a dosage form is very important for the
design and development of an optimum, formation and for the bioequivalence
studies.
ACKNOWNLEDGEMENT:
1) TO MR. EDSON
2) TO. Dr. KAALE
3) TO. MY FELLOW STUDENTS.
4) TO ALL STAFF OF QA LAB.
5) TO MY MOTHER.