The document summarizes the design and evaluation of a bilayer sustained release tablet containing the antihypertensive drug propranolol. Key points include:
- Bilayer tablets contain two layers, one for immediate release and one for sustained release, to provide both an initial dose and prolonged maintenance dose.
- The objective is to develop a stable bilayer tablet formulation to improve drug delivery, therapeutic effects, safety, and patient compliance for propranolol.
- Preformulation studies are conducted to characterize propranolol and evaluate powder flow properties. Tablet formulations are developed using different polymers for the sustained release layer and evaluated for dissolution and drug release.
The document summarizes research on developing enteric-coated tablets of the drug Ramipril to improve its bioavailability and reduce side effects. Immediate-release core tablets were prepared with different superdisintegrants and coated with pH-sensitive polymers Eudragit L-100 and Cellulose Acetate Pthalate. Tablets coated with 9% Cellulose Acetate Pthalate at a coating ratio of 60% triethyl citrate and IPA:DCM 60:40 provided the highest drug release profile in dissolution testing. The optimized formulation aims to protect Ramipril from degradation in the stomach and provide rapid drug release in the intestines.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING PANTOPRAZO...Reshma Fathima .K
The document describes the design and evaluation of a pulsatile drug delivery system containing pantoprazole sodium to mimic the circadian rhythm of peptic ulcer. Six formulations of core tablets were developed using different concentrations of superdisintegrants. Tablets were then coated with Eudragit S100 to achieve a lag time of 5 hours before drug release. Evaluation showed the core tablets had acceptable hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content. No chemical interactions between the drug and polymers were observed. When coated tablets were tested, dissolution was prevented for 5 hours followed by rapid and complete drug release, indicating the system could deliver the drug during morning hours to match peptic ulcer symptoms.
Formulation and evaluation of controlled drug release naproxen pelletsSriramNagarajan18
This document summarizes research on the formulation and evaluation of controlled-release naproxen pellets. Naproxen pellets were produced via extrusion-spheronization and coated for controlled release. Various formulations with different ratios of ingredients were tested. Formulation F9 was found to have the optimal drug release profile and stability. The pellets were evaluated for properties like particle size, drug content, and in vitro drug release, which followed first order kinetics. Controlled-release naproxen pellets could provide benefits over immediate-release formulations.
Design of Pulsatile Tablets of Pantoprazole Sodium: Factorial Design ApproachReshma Fathima .K
This document describes a study that developed and optimized a pulsatile drug delivery system containing pantoprazole sodium using a 32 full factorial design approach. Six core tablets were initially prepared and evaluated. Amounts of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were selected as independent variables in the factorial design to study their effects on tablet properties. The optimized core formulation (f3) was then coated with Eudragit S to produce pulsatile tablets. In vitro dissolution studies showed the coated tablets remained intact in acid media and released drug after reaching the intestine, indicating successful development of a pulsatile delivery system for pantoprazole sodium.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Paracetamol Using Oa...inventionjournals
Paracetamol is a slightly water soluble drug belongs to BCS Class IV, used in various pain managements & in management of fever. The drug solubility was increased by solid dispersion method, in which two techniques namely physical mixing and co-grinding were tried at the ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 & 1:0.75 for paracetamol to oats powder. Various parameters like pre & post compressional parameters were tested and final formula was selected based on disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile. Where, all the formulations were dispersed bellow 92 seconds and F6 formulation was showing 100% release at 20th minute and faster compared to the marketed formulation. F6 was prepared by co-grinding technique, at 1:0.75 paracetamol to oats powder ratio. F6 is showing zero-order drug release and mechanism of release is Super case – II transport (n = 0.9738). All the formulations were prepared using direct compression method, a conventional method of preparation
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Paracetamol Using Oa...inventionjournals
Paracetamol is a slightly water soluble drug belongs to BCS Class IV, used in various pain managements & in management of fever. The drug solubility was increased by solid dispersion method, in which two techniques namely physical mixing and co-grinding were tried at the ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 & 1:0.75 for paracetamol to oats powder. Various parameters like pre & post compressional parameters were tested and final formula was selected based on disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile. Where, all the formulations were dispersed bellow 92 seconds and F6 formulation was showing 100% release at 20th minute and faster compared to the marketed formulation. F6 was prepared by co-grinding technique, at 1:0.75 paracetamol to oats powder ratio. F6 is showing zero-order drug release and mechanism of release is Super case – II transport (n = 0.9738). All the formulations were prepared using direct compression method, a conventional method of preparation
This document outlines preformulation studies conducted on the drug metronidazole, including characterization of its physical properties, solubility, stability, and compatibility with excipients. Key aspects that were evaluated include particle size, bulk density, angle of repose, pH, partition coefficient, stability under various conditions like temperature, humidity and light. Drug-excipient compatibility was also studied by storing mixtures at elevated temperature and observing for physical or chemical changes. The goal of these studies is to understand the drug's characteristics and behavior to aid in rational formulation design and selection of appropriate excipients and storage conditions.
The document summarizes a study evaluating the dissolution behavior of 500mg Paracetamol tablets according to USP guidelines using the paddle method. The study found that 126.2% of the Paracetamol dissolved within 30 minutes, meeting the USP and BP standards of dissolving at least 80% within 30 minutes. The paddle apparatus and UV spectrophotometry were used to test six tablets and obtain dissolution profiles. The results indicate the tested Paracetamol tablets meet pharmacopeial standards for dissolution.
The document summarizes research on developing enteric-coated tablets of the drug Ramipril to improve its bioavailability and reduce side effects. Immediate-release core tablets were prepared with different superdisintegrants and coated with pH-sensitive polymers Eudragit L-100 and Cellulose Acetate Pthalate. Tablets coated with 9% Cellulose Acetate Pthalate at a coating ratio of 60% triethyl citrate and IPA:DCM 60:40 provided the highest drug release profile in dissolution testing. The optimized formulation aims to protect Ramipril from degradation in the stomach and provide rapid drug release in the intestines.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING PANTOPRAZO...Reshma Fathima .K
The document describes the design and evaluation of a pulsatile drug delivery system containing pantoprazole sodium to mimic the circadian rhythm of peptic ulcer. Six formulations of core tablets were developed using different concentrations of superdisintegrants. Tablets were then coated with Eudragit S100 to achieve a lag time of 5 hours before drug release. Evaluation showed the core tablets had acceptable hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content. No chemical interactions between the drug and polymers were observed. When coated tablets were tested, dissolution was prevented for 5 hours followed by rapid and complete drug release, indicating the system could deliver the drug during morning hours to match peptic ulcer symptoms.
Formulation and evaluation of controlled drug release naproxen pelletsSriramNagarajan18
This document summarizes research on the formulation and evaluation of controlled-release naproxen pellets. Naproxen pellets were produced via extrusion-spheronization and coated for controlled release. Various formulations with different ratios of ingredients were tested. Formulation F9 was found to have the optimal drug release profile and stability. The pellets were evaluated for properties like particle size, drug content, and in vitro drug release, which followed first order kinetics. Controlled-release naproxen pellets could provide benefits over immediate-release formulations.
Design of Pulsatile Tablets of Pantoprazole Sodium: Factorial Design ApproachReshma Fathima .K
This document describes a study that developed and optimized a pulsatile drug delivery system containing pantoprazole sodium using a 32 full factorial design approach. Six core tablets were initially prepared and evaluated. Amounts of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) were selected as independent variables in the factorial design to study their effects on tablet properties. The optimized core formulation (f3) was then coated with Eudragit S to produce pulsatile tablets. In vitro dissolution studies showed the coated tablets remained intact in acid media and released drug after reaching the intestine, indicating successful development of a pulsatile delivery system for pantoprazole sodium.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Paracetamol Using Oa...inventionjournals
Paracetamol is a slightly water soluble drug belongs to BCS Class IV, used in various pain managements & in management of fever. The drug solubility was increased by solid dispersion method, in which two techniques namely physical mixing and co-grinding were tried at the ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 & 1:0.75 for paracetamol to oats powder. Various parameters like pre & post compressional parameters were tested and final formula was selected based on disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile. Where, all the formulations were dispersed bellow 92 seconds and F6 formulation was showing 100% release at 20th minute and faster compared to the marketed formulation. F6 was prepared by co-grinding technique, at 1:0.75 paracetamol to oats powder ratio. F6 is showing zero-order drug release and mechanism of release is Super case – II transport (n = 0.9738). All the formulations were prepared using direct compression method, a conventional method of preparation
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Paracetamol Using Oa...inventionjournals
Paracetamol is a slightly water soluble drug belongs to BCS Class IV, used in various pain managements & in management of fever. The drug solubility was increased by solid dispersion method, in which two techniques namely physical mixing and co-grinding were tried at the ratios of 1:0.25, 1:0.5 & 1:0.75 for paracetamol to oats powder. Various parameters like pre & post compressional parameters were tested and final formula was selected based on disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution profile. Where, all the formulations were dispersed bellow 92 seconds and F6 formulation was showing 100% release at 20th minute and faster compared to the marketed formulation. F6 was prepared by co-grinding technique, at 1:0.75 paracetamol to oats powder ratio. F6 is showing zero-order drug release and mechanism of release is Super case – II transport (n = 0.9738). All the formulations were prepared using direct compression method, a conventional method of preparation
This document outlines preformulation studies conducted on the drug metronidazole, including characterization of its physical properties, solubility, stability, and compatibility with excipients. Key aspects that were evaluated include particle size, bulk density, angle of repose, pH, partition coefficient, stability under various conditions like temperature, humidity and light. Drug-excipient compatibility was also studied by storing mixtures at elevated temperature and observing for physical or chemical changes. The goal of these studies is to understand the drug's characteristics and behavior to aid in rational formulation design and selection of appropriate excipients and storage conditions.
The document summarizes a study evaluating the dissolution behavior of 500mg Paracetamol tablets according to USP guidelines using the paddle method. The study found that 126.2% of the Paracetamol dissolved within 30 minutes, meeting the USP and BP standards of dissolving at least 80% within 30 minutes. The paddle apparatus and UV spectrophotometry were used to test six tablets and obtain dissolution profiles. The results indicate the tested Paracetamol tablets meet pharmacopeial standards for dissolution.
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentative floating sustained releasedme...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet
Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The
HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non-Effervescent system) and The Sodium
Bicarbonate is responsible for the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum
shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is
Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test,
friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.25) within end of 8 Hours.
Formulation and evaluation of Furosemide oral dispersible tabletsSriramNagarajan18
The document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of oral dispersible tablets containing the diuretic drug furosemide. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations of superdisintegrants like crospovidone, crosscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate. Tablet properties like hardness, friability, disintegration time, and drug release were evaluated. FTIR studies showed no drug-excipient interactions. Formulation OF5 with 10mg of sodium starch glycolate was found to have the best taste and fastest disintegration time compared to other formulations.
Design and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets of Tramadol hydrochloride f...ijperSS
This document describes the design and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets containing Tramadol Hydrochloride for biphasic drug release. Bilayer tablets were developed with an immediate release layer containing superdisintegrants and a sustained release layer containing hydrophilic polymers (HPMC) to provide both immediate and extended drug release. Seven bilayer tablet formulations were prepared by direct compression and evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression properties. In vitro dissolution studies showed formulation F6 released 99.5% of the drug over 12 hours from the sustained release layer, following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Accelerated stability studies found no changes in properties or drug release for F6 tablets over 3 months. The study
Formulation and evaluation of bi-layered floating tablets of metformin and te...SriramNagarajan17
The document describes the formulation and evaluation of bi-layer floating tablets containing metformin and telmisartan. Metformin was formulated as a sustained release layer using polymers like guar gum and xanthan gum, while telmisartan was formulated as an immediate release layer using superdisintegrants. Various pre-compression and post-compression evaluation tests were conducted on the powder blends and tablets. In vitro drug release studies showed that formulation F3 provided sustained release of metformin for up to 12 hours while F5 formulation released 100.6% of telmisartan within 30 minutes, indicating their suitability as a bi-layer floating tablet system.
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of fast melting tablets of FexofenadineSriramNagarajan18
This document describes the formulation and in vitro evaluation of fast melting tablets containing fexofenadine hydrochloride. Fourteen batches of rapid dispersible tablets were prepared using different superdisintegrants (cross povidone, cross carmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate) at various concentrations, either alone or in combination, by direct compression method. Preformulation studies including solubility, drug-polymer compatibility via FTIR, and evaluation of tablet properties such as hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, disintegration time, and dissolution were performed. The results showed that formulations containing superdisintegrants in certain concentrations produced tablets with desirable properties and rapid disintegration, indicating their potential
Development and evaluation of a novel twice daily cup core metformin hydrochl...SriramNagarajan19
The study was undertaken with an aim to formulate develop and evaluation of a novel twice daily core cup of Metformin hydrochloride(Antidiabetic drug) tablets using different grades and weight of HPMC polymers as release retarding agent. Granules were evaluated for tests Bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio before being punched as tablets. Tablets were tested for weight variation, thickness, hardness and friability as per official procedure. F-2 was found to be 73.90. From the above results and discussion it is concluded that formulation of Cup core tablet of containing Metformin hydrochloride HPMC K 4M & 215: 230 (in mg) can be taken as an ideal or optimized formulation of sustained release tablets for 12hour release as it fulfills all the requirements for sustained release tablet and our study encourages for the further clinical trials on this formulation. The core in cup tablets of Metformin hydrochloride were prepared by wet granulation method, they were evaluated for weight variation, friability, hardness, and thickness for all batches (F1 – F9). No significant difference was observed in the weight of individual tablets from the average weight. The weight variation tests were performed according to the procedure given in the pharmacopoeia. In a weight variation test, pharmacopoeial limit of tablet for percentage deviation is 5%. The average percentage deviation of all tablet formulation was found to be within the pharmacopoeial limit and hence all formulation passed the test for uniformity of weight.
This document presents a study on the design and evaluation of sustained release solid dispersions of Verapamil Hydrochloride. Verapamil Hydrochloride was used as a model drug to prepare solid dispersions with different polymers like HPMC K4M and Eudragit in order to prolong its release. Various evaluation tests were performed on the solid dispersions including drug content uniformity, FT-IR, micromeritic properties, in-vitro drug release and drug release kinetics. The results showed that solid dispersions with HPMC K4M were able to sustain the drug release for up to 16 hours while those with Eudragit sustained it for up to 10-12 hours only. Thus HPMC K
Formulation and evaluation of rapimelts of EletriptanSriramNagarajan18
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of rapid-melting tablets containing the drug Eletriptan. Twelve formulations were created using different superdisintegrants like crospovidone, cros carmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for properties like hardness, thickness, friability, drug content and in-vitro drug release. Formulation F3 with 10% crospovidone showed maximum drug release of 99.9% within 6 minutes and was selected as the optimized formulation based on rapid disintegration time of 16.33 seconds and high drug release. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed no drug-excipient interactions in the optimized formulation.
Formulation and evaluation of Repaglinide biphasic mini tabletsSriramNagarajan18
This document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of biphasic mini tablets containing repaglinide, an anti-diabetic drug. Immediate release mini tablets were produced using superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate and cross povidone. Sustained release mini tablets were developed using polymers like HPMC K100M and ethyl cellulose. The mini tablets were characterized for properties like hardness, friability and drug release. The optimized immediate release formulation showed 99.7% drug release within 15 minutes using sodium starch glycolate. The sustained release formulation using HPMC K100M and ethyl cellulose released drug over 10 hours as desired. The mini tablets were filled into capsules to provide biphasic
The document summarizes the formulation, development, and evaluation of modified release capsules containing a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. It outlines the objectives to develop an extended release capsule formulation using release controlling polymers and achieve a comparable dissolution profile to an innovator product. The plan of work involves characterization of the active ingredient and excipients, preparation of mini tablets, application of coatings, filling capsules, and evaluation including dissolution testing and stability studies. Optimization of a formulation was achieved using different polymers to provide extended release of the active ingredient from the capsule over time.
1. The document describes the formulation and evaluation of prolonged release metformin hydrochloride tablets. Tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods using polymers like Polyox-303 to sustain the release of the drug.
2. Tablets were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. In-vitro dissolution and stability studies showed that the formulations had a controlled release of the drug over an extended period of time.
3. The optimized formulation was stable for 1 month under accelerated conditions as per ICH guidelines.
Studies on development of famotidine floating tablets using three grades of M...SriramNagarajan17
This document summarizes a study on the development of floating tablets of the drug famotidine using three grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; K4M, K15M, K100M) as release-retarding polymers. Tablets were prepared using different drug-polymer ratios via wet granulation. The formulations were characterized for drug-polymer compatibility, floating behavior, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, and stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies indicated no drug-polymer interactions. In vitro tests showed that the type and concentration of polymer affected drug release rate and floating properties. The optimized formulation containing famotidine and HPMC K
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for anti-asthmatic activity. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic properties. Extracts were obtained from the plants and used to prepare two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation. The formulations were evaluated for quality parameters like hardness, friability, and disintegration time, which met pharmacopeia standards. The formulations showed significant antiasthmatic activity in a histamine-induced bronchospasm animal model compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm the quality and efficacy
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of asthma. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation were prepared using in-house and commercial extracts of the plants. The formulations were evaluated for various physical properties and found to meet pharmacopeia standards. Testing in guinea pigs showed the formulations had significant antiasthmatic effects compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm quality and efficacy.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablets using Nimesulide as a Model DrugIRJET Journal
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of floating tablets containing nimesulide as a model drug. Floating tablets were prepared using different polymers (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, Carbopol 934P) at varying drug to polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as gas generating agents. The granules and tablets were evaluated for flow properties, physical properties, in vitro buoyancy, and drug release. Tablets with higher polymer ratios had shorter floating lag times and longer total floating times. Tablets with 1:1 drug to polymer ratio showed the highest drug release. Carbopol
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of calcium alginate beads loaded with diclofenac sodium. The objective is to develop an extended release dosage form of diclofenac sodium to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Calcium alginate beads are prepared using an ionotropic gelation method by dropping sodium alginate solution containing diclofenac sodium into calcium chloride solution, resulting in crosslinking and formation of beads. The beads are evaluated for drug release using dissolution studies.
Formulation and evaluation of tramadol using pulsincap technologySriramNagarajan18
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of tramadol pulsincaps using pulsincap technology for colon-specific delivery. Tramadol granules were prepared by blending the drug with polymers like HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose. Hard gelatin capsules were treated with formaldehyde to make them insoluble in the stomach and small intestine. The granules were filled into the treated capsule bodies and sealed with a hydrogel plug. The formulations were evaluated for flow properties, drug content, and in vitro dissolution. Dissolution studies showed the formulations released drug in a pulsatile manner with a lag time followed by rapid release. Formulation F3 with 30% polymer showed the highest drug release of 96
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
More Related Content
Similar to DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER SUSTAINED RELEASE ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE TABLET
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentative floating sustained releasedme...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet
Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The
HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non-Effervescent system) and The Sodium
Bicarbonate is responsible for the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum
shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is
Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test,
friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.25) within end of 8 Hours.
Formulation and evaluation of Furosemide oral dispersible tabletsSriramNagarajan18
The document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of oral dispersible tablets containing the diuretic drug furosemide. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations of superdisintegrants like crospovidone, crosscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate. Tablet properties like hardness, friability, disintegration time, and drug release were evaluated. FTIR studies showed no drug-excipient interactions. Formulation OF5 with 10mg of sodium starch glycolate was found to have the best taste and fastest disintegration time compared to other formulations.
Design and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets of Tramadol hydrochloride f...ijperSS
This document describes the design and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets containing Tramadol Hydrochloride for biphasic drug release. Bilayer tablets were developed with an immediate release layer containing superdisintegrants and a sustained release layer containing hydrophilic polymers (HPMC) to provide both immediate and extended drug release. Seven bilayer tablet formulations were prepared by direct compression and evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression properties. In vitro dissolution studies showed formulation F6 released 99.5% of the drug over 12 hours from the sustained release layer, following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Accelerated stability studies found no changes in properties or drug release for F6 tablets over 3 months. The study
Formulation and evaluation of bi-layered floating tablets of metformin and te...SriramNagarajan17
The document describes the formulation and evaluation of bi-layer floating tablets containing metformin and telmisartan. Metformin was formulated as a sustained release layer using polymers like guar gum and xanthan gum, while telmisartan was formulated as an immediate release layer using superdisintegrants. Various pre-compression and post-compression evaluation tests were conducted on the powder blends and tablets. In vitro drug release studies showed that formulation F3 provided sustained release of metformin for up to 12 hours while F5 formulation released 100.6% of telmisartan within 30 minutes, indicating their suitability as a bi-layer floating tablet system.
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of fast melting tablets of FexofenadineSriramNagarajan18
This document describes the formulation and in vitro evaluation of fast melting tablets containing fexofenadine hydrochloride. Fourteen batches of rapid dispersible tablets were prepared using different superdisintegrants (cross povidone, cross carmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate) at various concentrations, either alone or in combination, by direct compression method. Preformulation studies including solubility, drug-polymer compatibility via FTIR, and evaluation of tablet properties such as hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, disintegration time, and dissolution were performed. The results showed that formulations containing superdisintegrants in certain concentrations produced tablets with desirable properties and rapid disintegration, indicating their potential
Development and evaluation of a novel twice daily cup core metformin hydrochl...SriramNagarajan19
The study was undertaken with an aim to formulate develop and evaluation of a novel twice daily core cup of Metformin hydrochloride(Antidiabetic drug) tablets using different grades and weight of HPMC polymers as release retarding agent. Granules were evaluated for tests Bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio before being punched as tablets. Tablets were tested for weight variation, thickness, hardness and friability as per official procedure. F-2 was found to be 73.90. From the above results and discussion it is concluded that formulation of Cup core tablet of containing Metformin hydrochloride HPMC K 4M & 215: 230 (in mg) can be taken as an ideal or optimized formulation of sustained release tablets for 12hour release as it fulfills all the requirements for sustained release tablet and our study encourages for the further clinical trials on this formulation. The core in cup tablets of Metformin hydrochloride were prepared by wet granulation method, they were evaluated for weight variation, friability, hardness, and thickness for all batches (F1 – F9). No significant difference was observed in the weight of individual tablets from the average weight. The weight variation tests were performed according to the procedure given in the pharmacopoeia. In a weight variation test, pharmacopoeial limit of tablet for percentage deviation is 5%. The average percentage deviation of all tablet formulation was found to be within the pharmacopoeial limit and hence all formulation passed the test for uniformity of weight.
This document presents a study on the design and evaluation of sustained release solid dispersions of Verapamil Hydrochloride. Verapamil Hydrochloride was used as a model drug to prepare solid dispersions with different polymers like HPMC K4M and Eudragit in order to prolong its release. Various evaluation tests were performed on the solid dispersions including drug content uniformity, FT-IR, micromeritic properties, in-vitro drug release and drug release kinetics. The results showed that solid dispersions with HPMC K4M were able to sustain the drug release for up to 16 hours while those with Eudragit sustained it for up to 10-12 hours only. Thus HPMC K
Formulation and evaluation of rapimelts of EletriptanSriramNagarajan18
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of rapid-melting tablets containing the drug Eletriptan. Twelve formulations were created using different superdisintegrants like crospovidone, cros carmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for properties like hardness, thickness, friability, drug content and in-vitro drug release. Formulation F3 with 10% crospovidone showed maximum drug release of 99.9% within 6 minutes and was selected as the optimized formulation based on rapid disintegration time of 16.33 seconds and high drug release. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed no drug-excipient interactions in the optimized formulation.
Formulation and evaluation of Repaglinide biphasic mini tabletsSriramNagarajan18
This document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of biphasic mini tablets containing repaglinide, an anti-diabetic drug. Immediate release mini tablets were produced using superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate and cross povidone. Sustained release mini tablets were developed using polymers like HPMC K100M and ethyl cellulose. The mini tablets were characterized for properties like hardness, friability and drug release. The optimized immediate release formulation showed 99.7% drug release within 15 minutes using sodium starch glycolate. The sustained release formulation using HPMC K100M and ethyl cellulose released drug over 10 hours as desired. The mini tablets were filled into capsules to provide biphasic
The document summarizes the formulation, development, and evaluation of modified release capsules containing a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. It outlines the objectives to develop an extended release capsule formulation using release controlling polymers and achieve a comparable dissolution profile to an innovator product. The plan of work involves characterization of the active ingredient and excipients, preparation of mini tablets, application of coatings, filling capsules, and evaluation including dissolution testing and stability studies. Optimization of a formulation was achieved using different polymers to provide extended release of the active ingredient from the capsule over time.
1. The document describes the formulation and evaluation of prolonged release metformin hydrochloride tablets. Tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods using polymers like Polyox-303 to sustain the release of the drug.
2. Tablets were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. In-vitro dissolution and stability studies showed that the formulations had a controlled release of the drug over an extended period of time.
3. The optimized formulation was stable for 1 month under accelerated conditions as per ICH guidelines.
Studies on development of famotidine floating tablets using three grades of M...SriramNagarajan17
This document summarizes a study on the development of floating tablets of the drug famotidine using three grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; K4M, K15M, K100M) as release-retarding polymers. Tablets were prepared using different drug-polymer ratios via wet granulation. The formulations were characterized for drug-polymer compatibility, floating behavior, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, and stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies indicated no drug-polymer interactions. In vitro tests showed that the type and concentration of polymer affected drug release rate and floating properties. The optimized formulation containing famotidine and HPMC K
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for anti-asthmatic activity. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic properties. Extracts were obtained from the plants and used to prepare two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation. The formulations were evaluated for quality parameters like hardness, friability, and disintegration time, which met pharmacopeia standards. The formulations showed significant antiasthmatic activity in a histamine-induced bronchospasm animal model compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm the quality and efficacy
Polyherbal formulation development for anti asthmatic activitypharmaindexing
This document describes the development and evaluation of polyherbal formulations for the treatment of asthma. Three plants - Tylophora indica, Tephrosia purpurea, and Vitex negundo - were selected based on their reported antiasthmatic, antihistaminic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Two tablet formulations and one capsule formulation were prepared using in-house and commercial extracts of the plants. The formulations were evaluated for various physical properties and found to meet pharmacopeia standards. Testing in guinea pigs showed the formulations had significant antiasthmatic effects compared to the standard drug chlorpheniramine maleate. Further stability and clinical studies are needed to confirm quality and efficacy.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablets using Nimesulide as a Model DrugIRJET Journal
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of floating tablets containing nimesulide as a model drug. Floating tablets were prepared using different polymers (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, Carbopol 934P) at varying drug to polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as gas generating agents. The granules and tablets were evaluated for flow properties, physical properties, in vitro buoyancy, and drug release. Tablets with higher polymer ratios had shorter floating lag times and longer total floating times. Tablets with 1:1 drug to polymer ratio showed the highest drug release. Carbopol
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of calcium alginate beads loaded with diclofenac sodium. The objective is to develop an extended release dosage form of diclofenac sodium to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Calcium alginate beads are prepared using an ionotropic gelation method by dropping sodium alginate solution containing diclofenac sodium into calcium chloride solution, resulting in crosslinking and formation of beads. The beads are evaluated for drug release using dissolution studies.
Formulation and evaluation of tramadol using pulsincap technologySriramNagarajan18
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of tramadol pulsincaps using pulsincap technology for colon-specific delivery. Tramadol granules were prepared by blending the drug with polymers like HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose. Hard gelatin capsules were treated with formaldehyde to make them insoluble in the stomach and small intestine. The granules were filled into the treated capsule bodies and sealed with a hydrogel plug. The formulations were evaluated for flow properties, drug content, and in vitro dissolution. Dissolution studies showed the formulations released drug in a pulsatile manner with a lag time followed by rapid release. Formulation F3 with 30% polymer showed the highest drug release of 96
Similar to DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER SUSTAINED RELEASE ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE TABLET (20)
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER SUSTAINED RELEASE ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE TABLET
1. 1
1
.
“DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER SUSTAINED
RELEASE ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE TABLET”
Mr. Ishwar Marotrao Jadhav
(M.Pharm)
Research Guide By. Ass. Prof. Chavhan G.C.
Department of Pharmaceutics
S.B.S.P.M’ s. B. Pharmacy College, Ambajogai
3. Bilayer tablets are the medicines which consist of two
same or different drugs combined in a single dose and
development of different drug release profile i.e.
Immediate release with Sustained release.
.
3
4. Sustain release dosage form type of dose which is dosage
form in which a Portion i.e. [initial dose] of the drug is
released immediately, in order to achieve desired therapeutic
response more promptly and the
remaining i.e.[maintenance dose] is the released slowly there
by achieving a therapeutic level which is prolonged but not
maintained constant.
4
5. Aim : The aim of present study of design sustained release Bi-layer tablet
of Antihypertensive drug for improved drug delivery.
Objective :
• To develop stable formulation of Antihypertensive drugs.
• To develop improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming
of the single tablet.
• To design modified release drug product for optimization of therapeutic
regimen.
• To ensure safety and to improve efficacy of drug as well as patient
compliance.
• To study the effect of concentration of polymer on drug release.
• Evaluation of pre-compression parameters such as angle of repose, bulk
density, tapped Density, Carr’s index and Haunser’s ratio.
.
5
6. Advantages of SR Tablet Disadvantages of SR Tablet
The frequency of drug
administration can be reduced
Improved patient compliance.
The sustainable blood level can
maintain.
Controlled drug absorption
Reduction in adverse and side
effects
Increased cost than
conventional dosage form
Rapid withdrawal of action is
not possible.
Difficulty in dose adjustment of
drugs
More rapid development of
tolerance
Drugs that absorbed from
stomach and upper part of GI
tract
6
7. Chemical Name :- Propanolol
Molecular Formula :- C16H12C1NO2
Average weight :- 259.3434
Melting point :- 158-168ºc
pKa :- 9.42
Color :- White Powder
Odour :- Odourless
Solubility :- Practically insoluble in Ether, Benzene, ethyl
acetate
Biological half-life :- 2-3Hr
Blood Protein binding :- 80-95%
MOA :- Non Selective Beta Receptor Antagonist
. 7
8. Researcher Re search Title Journal
Reddy et al., Formulation and Evaluation of Bilayer Tablets of
Ramipril as Immediate Layer and Propranolol
Hydrochloride as Sustained Layer
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics
• Jan-Mar 2018 • 12 (1)
Sunil et al., Design and evaluation of lornoxicam bilayered
tablets for biphasic release
Brazilian Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences
vol. 48, n. 4, oct./dec., 2012
Khandai et
al.,
Development of propranolol hydrochloride
matrix tablets: An investigation on effects of
combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic
matrix formers using multiple comparison
analysis
International Journal of
Pharmaceutical sciences
Review and Research March
2010
1(2):1-7
Kotta Kranthi
Kumar et al.,
Formulation and evaluation of Sustained release
bilayer tablets of glimepiride and metformin
HCL
. 8
9. Researcher Re search Title Journal
Hernawan et al., Formulation and in vitro study of
propranolol hydrochloride controlled
release from carboxymethyl chitosan-
based matrix tablets
Indo. J. Chem., 2013, 13 (3),
242 - 247
R. Nagaraju et al Formulation and Evaluation of Bilayer
Sustained Release Tablets of Salbutamol
and Theophylline
International Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Nanotechnology, Vol 2 No 3
(2009): October-December
2009
MA Naeem et al Development and Evaluation of
Controlled-Release Bilayer Tablets
Containing Microencapsulated Tramadol
and Acetaminophen
https://www.ajol.info/index.p
hp/tjpr/index
1 9
10. Sr.No. Material IR Material SR
1 Propranolol Propranolol
2 Sodium starch Glycolate Ethyl cellulose
3 Mannitol HPMC k15
4 Aerosil HPMC 100
5 Polyvinylpyrrolidone k 30 Mg. sterate
6 Mg. Sterate Microcrystalline Cellulose
7 Colorant talc
10
11. Sr.no. Equipment
1 Digital weighing balance
2 Tablet Machine
3 Monsanto Hardness tester
4 Dissolution test apparatus
5 UV-1700 spectrophotometer
6 PH Meter
7 Vernier caliper
8 Stability chamber
9 IR
10 Roche friabillator
11 Stability chamber
1 11
12. A. Literature survey
B. Selection of drug and excipient
C. Preliminary study of drug
1) Physical Characterization
a) Bulk Density
b) Tapped Density
c) Angle of repose
d) Hauser’s ratio
D. Preparation of tablet
E. Evaluation of Prepared tablet
F. Post Compression test
a) Hardness
b) Friability
c) Disintegration
d) Weight variation
e) Drug Content
f) In-Vitro drug release
g) Stability study
. 12
13. Pre-formulation Study
The phase of research & development in which
preformulation characterizes the physical, chemical properties
of new drug substances, in order to develop stable, safe and
effective dosage forms.
.
13
14. The solubility of a solid substance is defined as the
concentration at which the solution phase is in equilibrium
with a given solid phase at a stated temperature and pressure
1 14
Descriptive Term Parts of solvent Required For 1 Part
Of solute
Very Soluble Less than 1
Freely Soluble From 1 to 10
Soluble From 10 to 30
Sparingly Soluble From 30 to 100
Slightly Soluble From 100 to 1,000
Very Slightly Soluble From 1,000 t0 10,ooo
Practically insoluble or
insoluble
Greater than or Equal to 10,000
15. The flow properties of blend of powder were determined by angle of
repose. The improper flow of powder is due to frictional forces between
the particles. These friction forces were quantified by angle of repose.
Angle of repose was calculated by following formula:
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 1(ℎ)/𝑅
Where, h= height of pile;
r= radius of the base of the pile
θ = angle of repose.
1 15
Angle of Repose (º) Type of Flow
<25 Excellent
25-30 Good
30-40 Poor
>40 Very Poor
16. Bulk Density :-Weighed quantity of Propranolol HCL were
transferred into a 50ml measuring Cylinder without tapping
during transfer the volume occupied by granules was
measured.
Bulk density (ρ) = Weight of sample /Bulk volume
Tapped Density :-Weighed quantity of Propranolol was taken
into a graduated cylinder, volume occupied by granules was
noted down. Then cylinder was subjected to 500/ 750 and
1250 taps in tapped density tester (Electro Lab USPII)
According to USP , the blend was subjected for 500 taps the
% Volume variation was calculated by following formula.
Tapped density (ρb) =Weight of sample /Tapped volume
16
17. Compressibility Index:
The compressibility index of the granules was determined by
the Carr’s compressibility index
1 17
Tapped density– poured density
Carr’s index (%) = X 100
Tapped density
Caee’s Index % Type of Flow
5-15 Excellent
12-16 Good
18-21 Fair to possible
23-35 Poor
33-38 Very poor
18. It is measurement of frictional resistance of the drug. It was
determined by the ratio of tapped density and bulk density.
Hausner Ratio =Tapped density/bulk density
18
Flow Character Hausner Ratio
Excellent 1.00-1.11
Good 1.12-1.18
Fair 1.19-1.25
Passable 1.26-1.34
Poor 1.35-1.45
Very poor 1.46-1.59
Very very poor >1.60
19. Blends preparation of immediate release layer:-
The Propranolol layer was prepared by using direct
compression method. All the ingredients except Mg. Stearate
and Aerosil were passed through sieve No: 40, weighed and
mixed for 15 mints and finally blended well in ascending order
of their weights. Magnesium Stearate and Aerosil were passed
through sieve No: 60 and mixed it to the above blend. Finally
colorant was added and blended uniformly and compressed in a
16 station automatic punching machine with a punch size of 10
mm.
19
20. Drug and all the excipient except the magnesium stearate
were accurately weighed and passed through #80mesh
screen. Then the sieved blend was transferred to a poly bag
and mixed for 5 minutes. The magnesium stearate as
lubricant was added and mixed again for 2 minutes.
20
22. Weight Variation:-
The USP weight variation test is done by weighing 20 tablets
individually, calculating the average weight and comparing the
individual weights to the average.
22
Sr.no Average weight of tablet (mg) Maximum Difference
Allowed
1 130 or less 10
2 130-324 7.5
3 324 < 5
23. 1 23
The hardness of each batch of tablet was checked by using
Monsanto hardness tester. The hardness was measured in terms of
kg/cm2. 5 tablets were chosen randomly and tested for hardness.
The average hardness of 5 determinations was recorded.
Friability
20 tablets were weighed and placed in the plastic chamber of Roches
friabilator. The chamber was then rotated for 4 minutes at 25 rpm.
During each revolution tablets fall from a distance of 6 inches. After
100 revolutions the tablets were removed and weighed again.
Friability (%) = 𝑊1−𝑊2/W1
Where, w1 was the initial weight of tablets before friability
testing,w2 was the weight of tablets after the test
24. Drug Release Studies for Immediate release layer
It is determined by using USP XXIII (basket method) dissolution
apparatus.
The basket was rotate at a speed of 100 rpm and temp. of 37 ±
0.5°C was maintained.
The dissolution medium used was 900 ml of 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2) for
2 hours.
Aliquots (5 ml) of sample were collected at predetermined time
intervals (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30min) From the dissolution
apparatus and it was replaced with equal volume of fresh
dissolution medium. The aliquots withdrawn were filtered through
0.45μm Millipore filters
24
25. It is determined using USP XXIII (basket method) dissolution
apparatus.
The basket was rotate at a speed of 100 rpm and temperature of
37
± 0.5°C was maintained.
The dissolution medium used was 900 ml of 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2) for
the initial 2hours followed by study in simulated intestinal fluid
Phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). Aliquots (5 ml) of sample were
collected at predetermined time intervals (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16,
20, and 24 hrs) from the dissolution apparatus and it was replaced
with equal volume of fresh dissolution medium. The aliquots
withdrawn were filtered through 0.45μm Millipore filters.
. 25
26. The in vitro dissolution of Propranolol bilayer tablets were
determined using USP XXIII (basket method) dissolution apparatus.
The basket was allowed to rotate at a speed of 100 rpm and
temperature of 37 ± 0.5°C was maintained.
The dissolution medium used was 900 ml of 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2) for
the initial 2hours followed by study in simulated intestinal fluid
Phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8).
Aliquots (5 ml) of sample were collected at predetermined time
intervals (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hrs. from the
dissolution apparatus and it was replaced with equal volume of
fresh dissolution medium. The aliquots withdrawn were filtered
through 0.45μm Millipore filters.
26
27. Dissolution test apparatus USP type ||
Speed 50 rpm
Stirrer Paddle type
Volume of medium 900 ml
Volume of withdrawn 5 ml
Medium used 7.4 phosphate buffer
Temperature 37±0.5ºC
27
29. Determination of Bulk density and Tap density
Powder Compressibility and Hausner’s ratio
29
Sr.no Material Bulk
Density
(gm/ml)
Average bulk
Density
(gm/ml)
Tapped
Density
(gm/ml)
Average
Tapped
Density
(gm/ml)
1
Propranolol
HCL
0.364
0.359
0.531
0.533
2 0.358 0.536
3 0.357 0.532
Material Compressibility Hausner’s ratio
Propranolol HCL 22.64 1.34
30. Standard curve of propranolol HCL (λ max)
Calibration curve of propranolol hydrochloride using HCL (pH 1.2)
30
Sr.no Concentratio
n µg/ml
Absor
bance
1 0 0
2 10 0.237
3 20 0.429
4 30 0.639
5 40 0.860
6 50 1.073
UV curve of propranolol HCL using 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2)
Calibration curve of propranolol HCL using 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2)
Standard curve of propranolol HCL using 0.1N HCL (pH 1.2)
31. 1 31
Sr.
no
Concn.
µg/ml
Absorbanc
e
1 0 0
2 10 0.240
3 20 0.395
4 30 0.598
5 40 0.794
6 50 0.977
Standard curve of propranolol HCL using phosphate buffer (pH 6.8)
UV curve of propranolol HCL using phosphate buffer (pH 6.8)
Calibration curve of propranolol HCL using phosphate buffer (pH 6.8)
38. In - vitro drug release study of immediate release layer of Propranolol
In - vitro drug release study of Sustained release Bi-layer tablet of Propranolol
1 38
SR. No Time (min) IR-1 IR-2 IR-3
0 0 0 0
1. 5 25.32±0.4
39.40±0.1
0
49.40±0.20
2. 10 40.50±0.10 50.13±1.4 75.30±0.21
3. 15 62.90±0.12
71.23±0.4
1
99.10±0.95
4. 20 78.90±0.21
84.54±0.1
0
5. 25 89.40±0.40 97.90±10
6. 30 98.10±0.11
Time(hrs.) Cumulative percent drug release
F1 F2 F3
0 0 0 0
1 25.12±0.09 18.34±0.43 15.38±0.10
2 40.02±0.12 22.10±0.10 20.90±0.45
3 58.75±0.14 29.24±0.33 25.10±0.12
4 72.41±0.81 35.45±0.12 31.46±0.21
5 80.03±0.28 48.71±0.2 46.13±0.13
6 91.61±0.34 59.99±0.54 52.18±0.43
7 99.13±0.41 68.41±0.55 63.97±0.42
8 72.12±0.10 70.33±0.54
9 77.09±0.22 74.50±0.65
10 82.23±0.12 80.96±0.66
11 85.86± 0.26 82.13±0.10
12 95.12±0.33 95.10±0.23
13 97.54± 0.1 98.51±0.12
In-vitro disintegration data for IR-1, IR-2, and IR-3 Formulation
39. The pre-formulation studies like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density Haunser’s ratio and Carr’s index of
all formulations were found to be within the standard limits.
FTIR studies revealed that there was no chemical interaction between drug and other excipients.
The powder mixtures were compressed into tablet and evaluated for post-compression parameters like weight
variation, thickness, hardness, friability and drug content. All the formulation batches showed acceptable results.
The in-vitro drug release was studied with USP Type-II dissolution apparatus in both simulated gastric fluid and
intestine fluid for a period of 24 hours. Results showed that formulations containing higher concentration of
HPMC K15 M i.e. F6 (99.12%) and HPMC k 100 i.e. F9 (99.67%) sustained the drug release over a period of 24
hours.
The in-vitro drug release follows first order and indicated that non-Fickian could be the mechanism of drug
release.
Stability studies showed that the tablets formulations were stable throughout the stability period.
It was concluded that the polymer plays a major role in the formulation of sustain release bilayer tablets of
propranolol. Finally, the study revealed that the release of drug was low when the bilayer tablet contained higher
concentration of polymers
1 39