1) The document discusses different types of intracranial calcifications including normal variants, vascular, tumors, infections, neurocutaneous syndromes, and basal ganglia calcification. 2) Specific examples are provided for each category such as pineal calcification as a normal variant, atherosclerosis as a vascular cause, meningioma as a tumor, and cysticercosis as an infectious etiology. 3) Causes of basal ganglia calcification discussed include endocrine disorders, metabolic conditions, toxins, and post-therapeutic mineralizing angiopathy following chemotherapy or radiation.

1. C.N.S.
Intracranial Calcifications

2. Mohamed Zaitoun
Assistant Lecturer-Diagnostic Radiology
Department , Zagazig University Hospitals
Egypt
FINR (Fellowship of Interventional
Neuroradiology)-Switzerland
zaitoun82@gmail.com

5. Knowing as much as
possible about your enemy
precedes successful battle
and learning about the
disease process precedes
successful management

6. Intracranial Calcifications
a) Normal Variant
b) Vascular
c) Tumors
d) Infection
e) Neurocutaneous Syndromes
f) Basal Ganglia Calcification

7. a) Normal Variant :
1-Pineal :
-After 10 years of age on SXR , earlier on CT
2-Choroid Plexus :
-Trigones of lateral ventricles
-Unusual in 3rd
& 4th
ventricles
3-Dura :
-Falx & tentorium

8. 4-Basal Ganglia :
-Globus pallidus , usually bilateral
5-Habenular Commisure :
-C-shaped calcification in tela choroidea of 3rd
ventricle
6-Dentate nuclei of cerebellum
7-Parasellar Ligaments
8-Arachnoid Granulations

9. b) Vascular :
1-Atherosclerosis in vertebrobasilar and carotid
vessels at skull base
2-AVM
3-Cavernoma
4-Aneurysms , mural calcification in giant
aneurysms
5-Chronic subdural hematoma
6-Old infarct or hematoma

10. c) Tumors :
1-Meningioma
2-Oligidendroglioma , 50 % calcify
3-Astrocytoma
4-Low grade glioma
5-Craniopharyngioma
6-Metastases , adenocarcinoma (GIT & breast ,
especially after therapy in breast)

11. 7-Pineal region tumors , teratoma & germinoma
8-Chordoma & chondrosarcoma
9-Fatty midline tumors , dermoid & lipoma of
corpus callosum
10-Choroid plexus papilloma
11-DNET
12-Central Neurocytoma

12. d) Infection :
1-TORCH
2-Cysticercosis :
-Periventricular , cisternal & nodules at grey-
white matter junction with nidus of
calcification
3-T.B. :
-Basal cisterns , ventricles & parenchyma

13. e) Neurocutaneous Syndromes :
1-Sturge Weber syndrome :
-Subcortical tramline calcification
2-Tuberous Sclerosis :
-Periventricular & parenchymal
3-Neurofibromatosis :
-Choroid plexus , subependymal & basal ganglia

14. f) Basal Ganglia Calcification : ( See Bilateral basal
Ganglia Abnormalities )
1-Normal variant
2-Endocrine :
-Hypoparathyroidism , pseudohypoparathyroidism
& hypothyroidism
3-Metabolic :
-Mitochondrial disorders ( Leigh’s disease ) , Fahr’s
disease & Cockayne’s syndrome

15. 4-Toxins :
-Carbon monoxide , lead & posth-ypoxic
5-Post-therapeutic :
-Mineralizing angiopathy following
chemotherapy or radiation in basal ganglia ,
dentate nuclei of cerebellum and cortico-
medullary junction