This document describes the design and development of a 360-degree fire extinguisher robot using a microcontroller. The robot uses flame sensors to detect fire hazards and a microcontroller to analyze sensor data and determine the appropriate response. It has a WIFI module to communicate with a human operator and raise an alarm. The operator can activate the robot's fire extinguisher using a Blynk application, which uses a servo motor to direct a water pump nozzle and spray water to extinguish the fire. The robot is intended to provide an impactful solution for fighting fires in hazardous locations where humans cannot easily access to help save lives.
advanced industrial automation and roboticsKunal mane
This document provides an overview of an advanced industrial automation and robotics course. It outlines the course prerequisites, outcomes, and covers topics like automated manufacturing systems, reasons for automating production, basic elements of automated systems, principles of automation, levels of automation, and classification of manufacturing systems. The key topics are automated manufacturing systems, basic elements of an automated system (power, program, control), and levels of automation (manual, semi-automated, automated).
This document describes an artificial intelligence firefighting robot. The robot uses sensors to detect fires and then moves to that location, stopping and indicating that fire has been detected. It then activates fire prevention systems by sending signals to a computer terminal. The robot is controlled remotely using RF communication between the robot and a control room. It uses a microcontroller as its "brain" to interface with sensors and motors and carry out programmed operations like detecting high temperatures and pouring water to extinguish fires. The robot provides benefits like accurately detecting fire sources, increased flexibility, lower long-term costs, and reliability.
An energy management system (EMS) monitors, controls, and optimizes energy performance in electric utility grids. EMS gives organizations information about energy consumption to take corrective actions and optimize costs. Implementing best practices like metering usage, finding savings opportunities, and tracking progress can significantly reduce energy costs while mitigating effects of legislation and creating opportunities for innovation. Certification requires an audit process to ensure the EMS meets standards and surveillance audits ensure ongoing compliance.
This document discusses islands of automation and the manufacturing automation protocol (MAP). It defines islands of automation as individual automated systems like CAD/CAM, CNC machines, robotics, and material handling that can be integrated together. MAP was developed by General Motors in 1980 and establishes protocols for exchanging information between manufacturing devices and systems. The MAP application layer includes protocols for file transfer, messaging, and program communication to allow heterogeneous devices to understand and react to exchanged data.
This document describes a firefighting robot that can sense and locate fires using sensors like infrared and heat sensors. It navigates using six legs to obstacles. When a fire is detected, the robot stops and signals its location to the remote control room. It is powered by a power supply system that includes a step-down transformer, rectifier, and regulator. The robot aims to detect fires efficiently and help fight small fires, though it has limitations like a limited battery life and inability to fight large fires. Potential applications include server rooms, industrial areas, and camps to prevent wildfires. Future work could include delivering other fire extinguishing agents like carbon dioxide.
Condition monitoring of rotating machines pptRohit Kaushik
This document discusses condition monitoring of rotating machines. It covers various techniques for monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration, electrical signals and fluxes to detect faults in machines like motors and generators. Local temperature can be monitored using devices embedded in the insulation near hot parts like the winding or core. Vibration is commonly monitored at various frequencies to analyze faults in components. Electrical signals like current and flux are also monitored to detect issues in windings or rotors. Overall, condition monitoring aims to continuously evaluate equipment health and detect early-stage faults in machines.
The document discusses the design and development of a firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously using sensors to detect fires and a water pump or blower to put out the flames. It describes the components needed for the robot like microcontrollers, motors, sensors, and discusses how fuzzy logic can be used to control the robot. The overall purpose of the robot is to fight fires remotely to protect firefighters and limit property damage from fires.
advanced industrial automation and roboticsKunal mane
This document provides an overview of an advanced industrial automation and robotics course. It outlines the course prerequisites, outcomes, and covers topics like automated manufacturing systems, reasons for automating production, basic elements of automated systems, principles of automation, levels of automation, and classification of manufacturing systems. The key topics are automated manufacturing systems, basic elements of an automated system (power, program, control), and levels of automation (manual, semi-automated, automated).
This document describes an artificial intelligence firefighting robot. The robot uses sensors to detect fires and then moves to that location, stopping and indicating that fire has been detected. It then activates fire prevention systems by sending signals to a computer terminal. The robot is controlled remotely using RF communication between the robot and a control room. It uses a microcontroller as its "brain" to interface with sensors and motors and carry out programmed operations like detecting high temperatures and pouring water to extinguish fires. The robot provides benefits like accurately detecting fire sources, increased flexibility, lower long-term costs, and reliability.
An energy management system (EMS) monitors, controls, and optimizes energy performance in electric utility grids. EMS gives organizations information about energy consumption to take corrective actions and optimize costs. Implementing best practices like metering usage, finding savings opportunities, and tracking progress can significantly reduce energy costs while mitigating effects of legislation and creating opportunities for innovation. Certification requires an audit process to ensure the EMS meets standards and surveillance audits ensure ongoing compliance.
This document discusses islands of automation and the manufacturing automation protocol (MAP). It defines islands of automation as individual automated systems like CAD/CAM, CNC machines, robotics, and material handling that can be integrated together. MAP was developed by General Motors in 1980 and establishes protocols for exchanging information between manufacturing devices and systems. The MAP application layer includes protocols for file transfer, messaging, and program communication to allow heterogeneous devices to understand and react to exchanged data.
This document describes a firefighting robot that can sense and locate fires using sensors like infrared and heat sensors. It navigates using six legs to obstacles. When a fire is detected, the robot stops and signals its location to the remote control room. It is powered by a power supply system that includes a step-down transformer, rectifier, and regulator. The robot aims to detect fires efficiently and help fight small fires, though it has limitations like a limited battery life and inability to fight large fires. Potential applications include server rooms, industrial areas, and camps to prevent wildfires. Future work could include delivering other fire extinguishing agents like carbon dioxide.
Condition monitoring of rotating machines pptRohit Kaushik
This document discusses condition monitoring of rotating machines. It covers various techniques for monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration, electrical signals and fluxes to detect faults in machines like motors and generators. Local temperature can be monitored using devices embedded in the insulation near hot parts like the winding or core. Vibration is commonly monitored at various frequencies to analyze faults in components. Electrical signals like current and flux are also monitored to detect issues in windings or rotors. Overall, condition monitoring aims to continuously evaluate equipment health and detect early-stage faults in machines.
The document discusses the design and development of a firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously using sensors to detect fires and a water pump or blower to put out the flames. It describes the components needed for the robot like microcontrollers, motors, sensors, and discusses how fuzzy logic can be used to control the robot. The overall purpose of the robot is to fight fires remotely to protect firefighters and limit property damage from fires.
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) IN ELECTRIC VEHICLESBhagavathyP
Why we need BMS?
General function of BMS
Block diagram of BMS
Battery pack – Voltage, Current, Temperature and Isolation sensing
HV contactor control
BMS communications interface
Estimation of energy and power and SOC
Methods to find SOC
Cell Balancing
Relationship between SOC and DOD
This document provides an overview of energy efficient motors. It defines an energy efficient motor as one that uses less power to produce the same output as a standard motor. It notes that energy efficient motors have higher efficiencies of 2-6% compared to standard motors due to features like more copper in the windings and reduced fan losses. The document discusses the need for and advantages of energy efficient motors, including energy and cost savings. It also notes some potential disadvantages like higher initial cost and issues with speed control. Applications mentioned include various industrial uses.
Industrial energy auditing and reportingVignesh Sekar
Industrial Energy Audit is defined as the verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use including submission of technical report containing all the recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost analysis and an action plan to reduce consumption
Night vision systems in automobiles use infrared light and cameras to increase a driver's visibility beyond the reach of headlights. There are two main types: active systems which emit infrared light and passive systems which detect thermal radiation. Most cars use active systems which provide longer ranges up to 250 meters but have disadvantages in heavy rain or fog. Passive systems have greater ranges up to 300 meters and detect living objects better, but have lower resolution images. Night vision is an optional feature primarily on premium vehicles and can help classify objects on the road.
Maintenance management involves keeping equipment running at high capacity and low cost through a set of organized activities. The objectives of maintenance include efficient use of personnel, maximizing equipment life, reliability, quality, safety and minimizing costs and interruptions. There are various types of maintenance like preventive, corrective, and predictive. Preventive maintenance involves scheduled, running and shutdown maintenance to prevent failures. Corrective maintenance repairs equipment after failure through breakdown or shutdown maintenance. Predictive maintenance predicts failures through condition monitoring.
The document describes an automatic rain-operated wiper system for vehicles. It uses a conductive sensor to detect rain on the windshield and sends a control signal to activate the wiper motor. The major components are the sensor, control unit, battery, wiper motor, and relay. When rain is sensed, the control unit automatically turns on the wiper motor to clear water from the windshield. The system aims to provide low-cost automation to vehicles by removing the need for manual operation of wipers during rain.
The document describes a firefighting robot that is designed to help extinguish fires and reduce risks to human firefighters. It uses sensors like infrared sensors to detect fires and water tanks to help put out flames. The robot is controlled remotely and can navigate autonomously using six legs. It has advantages like reducing risks to firefighters and allowing access to dangerous areas. However, it also has limitations like not being able to operate for long periods without recharging and not being able to replace human firefighters for large fires. The robot aims to help detect fires quickly and minimize financial losses and threats to human life.
LCA is useful in activity releated to discrete manufacturing.Wide range of activity such as
Loading,Feeding,Clamping,Machining,Welding,Forming,Gauging,Assembly and Packing can be subjected to LCA system adoption.
Useful in processing industries for manufacturing chemicals, oils, or pharmaceuticals.
FOUR QUADRANT DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL WITH MICROCONTROLLERshiv kapil
This document presents a project on four quadrant speed control of a DC motor using a microcontroller. It describes the basic principles of four quadrant operation and components used including a transformer, rectifier, regulator, 8051 microcontroller, motor driver, and DC motor. The circuit diagram and working are explained where the microcontroller provides control signals to the motor driver to run the motor forward, backward, or apply brakes. Potential applications include industrial automation and robotics. Future work may include wireless control using transmitters and receivers.
1) Traditional electromechanical meters have issues like drift over time and temperature that digital smart meters improve on. Smart meters allow for automated and remote reading to improve efficiency.
2) Advanced Metering Infrastructure involves integrating smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems to allow two-way communication between utilities and customers. This enables features like time-of-use pricing and remote service disconnects.
3) Key components of AMI include smart meters, wide area communication networks, home area networks connected to devices, and meter data management systems to aggregate and analyze usage data.
Increasing human population and technological development has led to increase in fire accidents and hazards. Adverse conditions and physical limitations of human being make fire extinguishing challenging and demanding task. Fire extinguishing is very risky task and it involves loss of life. Robotics is the emerging solution to protect the surrounding and human lives. Fire extinguishing robot is a hardware model which is used for extinguishing the fire during fire accidents. It reduces the errors and limitations faced by the humans during fire extinguishing task. In this paper includes Arduino UNO, fire sensor, servo motor, motor driver, water level sensor and water pump. The vehicle consists of a water tank along with a pump which throws water when needed. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller board for this purpose. The fire sensor on the vehicle is used to receive the amount of fire. These values are used to find the location of the fire. These are then fed to the motors responsible for controlling the vehicle movements in front, back, left and right directions. The fire sensor is interfaced with an Arduino UNO microcontroller for this purpose. The microcontroller after receiving input commands operates the motors through a motor driver for vehicle movements. It also uses a water pump which is used to spray water with a desired pressure. Khin Thandar Tun | Hay Man Oo | Su Mon Aung "Fire Fighting Robot System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27854.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27854/fire-fighting-robot-system/khin-thandar-tun
This technical report summarizes the working of a regenerative braking system. It discusses how regenerative braking systems capture kinetic energy during deceleration and convert it back to electrical energy instead of wasting it as heat. The electrical energy is then stored in batteries and can be used to power electric motors, providing improved fuel efficiency compared to conventional braking systems. Regenerative braking is particularly beneficial in stop-and-go city traffic where it can provide most of the braking force needed. The report examines the components involved like motors, inverters, batteries and explains the working principle in detail.
Mechatronics-Introduction to Mechatronics SystemMani Vannan M
This document provides an introduction to mechatronics systems. It discusses key concepts including the definition of mechatronics as the synergistic combination of mechanics, electronics, and control engineering. The document also outlines the key elements of mechatronics such as information systems, electrical systems, sensors, actuators, computer systems, and real-time interfacing. It describes open-loop and closed-loop control systems as well as continuous-time and discrete-time systems. Finally, it compares the traditional approach to engineering design with the mechatronics approach.
Vijayananda Mohire led a project to design a digital energy meter to address limitations in electro-mechanical meters. The project involved analyzing electro-mechanical meters, designing hardware modules for voltage, current and power factor processing, developing software using assembly language, and testing the working prototype. Mohire guided the team through technical and implementation challenges to successfully complete and demonstrate the project.
Electric Vehicle Concept and Power Management Strategiescountoot
The document provides an overview of electric vehicle concepts and power management strategies. It discusses various types of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, range extended electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and solar electric vehicles. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The document also describes the hardware and software aspects of power management in electric vehicles, including the use of multiple control layers and optimization of power distribution between energy sources. Future research directions in power management and charging infrastructure are mentioned as well.
Lithium Ion Battery Module Thermal Management SystemKulwinder Basuta
The document summarizes a student group's project to design a thermal management system for electric bicycle batteries. The objectives were to maintain cell temperatures below 40°C, design protective battery module cases, and integrate 74 cells to provide over 80 miles of range while fitting within a BMW motorcycle frame. The design included aluminum cases, foam padding for impact absorption, and a cooling system to reduce temperature increases during fast charging and improve cooling rates and temperature uniformity across cells.
With the development in the field of robotics, human intrusion has become less and robots are being widely used for safety purpose. In our day-to-day life, fire accidents have become common and sometimes may lead to hazards that make it hard for the firemen to protect human life. In such cases, a fire fighting robot is used to guard human lives, wealth, and surroundings from the fire accidents. This fire fighting robot project is an advanced project for engineering students, who are interested in robotics. This project project incorporates RF technology for remote operation and also uses 8051 microcontroller. A fire fighting robot is capable of detecting fire if a house catches fire while someone in the house is either sleeping or not present in the house. By means of this fire fighting robot, people and properties can be saved from fire accidents.
Here are the key steps in the repair order process according to the given priority rules:
1. Emergencies are addressed within 2 hours to prevent injury or serious damage.
2. Urgent issues are resolved within 24 hours to minimize disruption.
3. High priority routine repairs are completed within 7 days.
4. Lower priority routine repairs are done within 21 days.
5. Cyclical or planned routine repairs are bundled and addressed within 6 weeks to improve efficiency.
The priority rules help ensure the most critical repairs are completed quickly while still addressing less urgent issues in a timely manner.
This document summarizes research on firefighting robots. It discusses how robots can be used to detect and extinguish fires in dangerous situations where human firefighters may be at risk. The document reviews several studies on firefighting robots that use sensors to detect flames and temperatures, can be controlled remotely, and have tanks to pump water or other fire extinguishing agents. The goal of this research is to develop autonomous robots that can navigate to the location of a fire, monitor the situation, and help reduce risks to human firefighters by allowing fires to be extinguished from a safe distance using robotic technologies.
1. The document describes the design of a microcontroller-based firefighting robot. The robot uses an LM35 temperature sensor and AT89S51 microcontroller to detect fires. When the sensor detects a temperature above the set threshold, it activates a motor connected to a water tank to extinguish the fire.
2. The robot works by converting the analog sensor signal to a digital signal using an ADC and sending it to the microcontroller. When the temperature rises above the threshold, the microcontroller activates the firefighting device. When the temperature drops below the threshold, it switches off the device.
3. Potential applications of the robot include use in server rooms, areas with a risk of explosion, and disaster area monitoring
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS) IN ELECTRIC VEHICLESBhagavathyP
Why we need BMS?
General function of BMS
Block diagram of BMS
Battery pack – Voltage, Current, Temperature and Isolation sensing
HV contactor control
BMS communications interface
Estimation of energy and power and SOC
Methods to find SOC
Cell Balancing
Relationship between SOC and DOD
This document provides an overview of energy efficient motors. It defines an energy efficient motor as one that uses less power to produce the same output as a standard motor. It notes that energy efficient motors have higher efficiencies of 2-6% compared to standard motors due to features like more copper in the windings and reduced fan losses. The document discusses the need for and advantages of energy efficient motors, including energy and cost savings. It also notes some potential disadvantages like higher initial cost and issues with speed control. Applications mentioned include various industrial uses.
Industrial energy auditing and reportingVignesh Sekar
Industrial Energy Audit is defined as the verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use including submission of technical report containing all the recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost analysis and an action plan to reduce consumption
Night vision systems in automobiles use infrared light and cameras to increase a driver's visibility beyond the reach of headlights. There are two main types: active systems which emit infrared light and passive systems which detect thermal radiation. Most cars use active systems which provide longer ranges up to 250 meters but have disadvantages in heavy rain or fog. Passive systems have greater ranges up to 300 meters and detect living objects better, but have lower resolution images. Night vision is an optional feature primarily on premium vehicles and can help classify objects on the road.
Maintenance management involves keeping equipment running at high capacity and low cost through a set of organized activities. The objectives of maintenance include efficient use of personnel, maximizing equipment life, reliability, quality, safety and minimizing costs and interruptions. There are various types of maintenance like preventive, corrective, and predictive. Preventive maintenance involves scheduled, running and shutdown maintenance to prevent failures. Corrective maintenance repairs equipment after failure through breakdown or shutdown maintenance. Predictive maintenance predicts failures through condition monitoring.
The document describes an automatic rain-operated wiper system for vehicles. It uses a conductive sensor to detect rain on the windshield and sends a control signal to activate the wiper motor. The major components are the sensor, control unit, battery, wiper motor, and relay. When rain is sensed, the control unit automatically turns on the wiper motor to clear water from the windshield. The system aims to provide low-cost automation to vehicles by removing the need for manual operation of wipers during rain.
The document describes a firefighting robot that is designed to help extinguish fires and reduce risks to human firefighters. It uses sensors like infrared sensors to detect fires and water tanks to help put out flames. The robot is controlled remotely and can navigate autonomously using six legs. It has advantages like reducing risks to firefighters and allowing access to dangerous areas. However, it also has limitations like not being able to operate for long periods without recharging and not being able to replace human firefighters for large fires. The robot aims to help detect fires quickly and minimize financial losses and threats to human life.
LCA is useful in activity releated to discrete manufacturing.Wide range of activity such as
Loading,Feeding,Clamping,Machining,Welding,Forming,Gauging,Assembly and Packing can be subjected to LCA system adoption.
Useful in processing industries for manufacturing chemicals, oils, or pharmaceuticals.
FOUR QUADRANT DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL WITH MICROCONTROLLERshiv kapil
This document presents a project on four quadrant speed control of a DC motor using a microcontroller. It describes the basic principles of four quadrant operation and components used including a transformer, rectifier, regulator, 8051 microcontroller, motor driver, and DC motor. The circuit diagram and working are explained where the microcontroller provides control signals to the motor driver to run the motor forward, backward, or apply brakes. Potential applications include industrial automation and robotics. Future work may include wireless control using transmitters and receivers.
1) Traditional electromechanical meters have issues like drift over time and temperature that digital smart meters improve on. Smart meters allow for automated and remote reading to improve efficiency.
2) Advanced Metering Infrastructure involves integrating smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems to allow two-way communication between utilities and customers. This enables features like time-of-use pricing and remote service disconnects.
3) Key components of AMI include smart meters, wide area communication networks, home area networks connected to devices, and meter data management systems to aggregate and analyze usage data.
Increasing human population and technological development has led to increase in fire accidents and hazards. Adverse conditions and physical limitations of human being make fire extinguishing challenging and demanding task. Fire extinguishing is very risky task and it involves loss of life. Robotics is the emerging solution to protect the surrounding and human lives. Fire extinguishing robot is a hardware model which is used for extinguishing the fire during fire accidents. It reduces the errors and limitations faced by the humans during fire extinguishing task. In this paper includes Arduino UNO, fire sensor, servo motor, motor driver, water level sensor and water pump. The vehicle consists of a water tank along with a pump which throws water when needed. The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller board for this purpose. The fire sensor on the vehicle is used to receive the amount of fire. These values are used to find the location of the fire. These are then fed to the motors responsible for controlling the vehicle movements in front, back, left and right directions. The fire sensor is interfaced with an Arduino UNO microcontroller for this purpose. The microcontroller after receiving input commands operates the motors through a motor driver for vehicle movements. It also uses a water pump which is used to spray water with a desired pressure. Khin Thandar Tun | Hay Man Oo | Su Mon Aung "Fire Fighting Robot System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27854.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27854/fire-fighting-robot-system/khin-thandar-tun
This technical report summarizes the working of a regenerative braking system. It discusses how regenerative braking systems capture kinetic energy during deceleration and convert it back to electrical energy instead of wasting it as heat. The electrical energy is then stored in batteries and can be used to power electric motors, providing improved fuel efficiency compared to conventional braking systems. Regenerative braking is particularly beneficial in stop-and-go city traffic where it can provide most of the braking force needed. The report examines the components involved like motors, inverters, batteries and explains the working principle in detail.
Mechatronics-Introduction to Mechatronics SystemMani Vannan M
This document provides an introduction to mechatronics systems. It discusses key concepts including the definition of mechatronics as the synergistic combination of mechanics, electronics, and control engineering. The document also outlines the key elements of mechatronics such as information systems, electrical systems, sensors, actuators, computer systems, and real-time interfacing. It describes open-loop and closed-loop control systems as well as continuous-time and discrete-time systems. Finally, it compares the traditional approach to engineering design with the mechatronics approach.
Vijayananda Mohire led a project to design a digital energy meter to address limitations in electro-mechanical meters. The project involved analyzing electro-mechanical meters, designing hardware modules for voltage, current and power factor processing, developing software using assembly language, and testing the working prototype. Mohire guided the team through technical and implementation challenges to successfully complete and demonstrate the project.
Electric Vehicle Concept and Power Management Strategiescountoot
The document provides an overview of electric vehicle concepts and power management strategies. It discusses various types of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, range extended electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and solar electric vehicles. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The document also describes the hardware and software aspects of power management in electric vehicles, including the use of multiple control layers and optimization of power distribution between energy sources. Future research directions in power management and charging infrastructure are mentioned as well.
Lithium Ion Battery Module Thermal Management SystemKulwinder Basuta
The document summarizes a student group's project to design a thermal management system for electric bicycle batteries. The objectives were to maintain cell temperatures below 40°C, design protective battery module cases, and integrate 74 cells to provide over 80 miles of range while fitting within a BMW motorcycle frame. The design included aluminum cases, foam padding for impact absorption, and a cooling system to reduce temperature increases during fast charging and improve cooling rates and temperature uniformity across cells.
With the development in the field of robotics, human intrusion has become less and robots are being widely used for safety purpose. In our day-to-day life, fire accidents have become common and sometimes may lead to hazards that make it hard for the firemen to protect human life. In such cases, a fire fighting robot is used to guard human lives, wealth, and surroundings from the fire accidents. This fire fighting robot project is an advanced project for engineering students, who are interested in robotics. This project project incorporates RF technology for remote operation and also uses 8051 microcontroller. A fire fighting robot is capable of detecting fire if a house catches fire while someone in the house is either sleeping or not present in the house. By means of this fire fighting robot, people and properties can be saved from fire accidents.
Here are the key steps in the repair order process according to the given priority rules:
1. Emergencies are addressed within 2 hours to prevent injury or serious damage.
2. Urgent issues are resolved within 24 hours to minimize disruption.
3. High priority routine repairs are completed within 7 days.
4. Lower priority routine repairs are done within 21 days.
5. Cyclical or planned routine repairs are bundled and addressed within 6 weeks to improve efficiency.
The priority rules help ensure the most critical repairs are completed quickly while still addressing less urgent issues in a timely manner.
This document summarizes research on firefighting robots. It discusses how robots can be used to detect and extinguish fires in dangerous situations where human firefighters may be at risk. The document reviews several studies on firefighting robots that use sensors to detect flames and temperatures, can be controlled remotely, and have tanks to pump water or other fire extinguishing agents. The goal of this research is to develop autonomous robots that can navigate to the location of a fire, monitor the situation, and help reduce risks to human firefighters by allowing fires to be extinguished from a safe distance using robotic technologies.
1. The document describes the design of a microcontroller-based firefighting robot. The robot uses an LM35 temperature sensor and AT89S51 microcontroller to detect fires. When the sensor detects a temperature above the set threshold, it activates a motor connected to a water tank to extinguish the fire.
2. The robot works by converting the analog sensor signal to a digital signal using an ADC and sending it to the microcontroller. When the temperature rises above the threshold, the microcontroller activates the firefighting device. When the temperature drops below the threshold, it switches off the device.
3. Potential applications of the robot include use in server rooms, areas with a risk of explosion, and disaster area monitoring
IRJET- Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled remotely using an Arduino, XBEE wireless module, and graphical user interface. The robot is equipped with a water tank, pump, motors to move in different directions, and a wireless camera for viewing its operations remotely. Sensors detect fire and the user controls the robot's movement and pump using the interface to approach and extinguish fires when people cannot safely do so themselves. The modular design allows individuals to work independently on components like sensing, movement, and wireless control that are then integrated on the robot to locate and fight fires without obstacles.
Arduino Based Autonomous Fire Fighting RobotVikasRathod94
The document describes a proposed autonomous firefighting robot. The robot is designed to detect fires using flame sensors and then navigate to the fire's location using infrared sensors for obstacle detection. It extinguishes fires using a water pump and spray nozzle. This allows fires to be addressed safely without putting firefighters at risk. However, the robot has limitations, such as only being able to spray water in one direction and having a limited range when wired. The goal is to develop a system that can quickly detect and extinguish small fires autonomously.
360 Degree Automated Fire Fighting Robotic PlatformIRJET Journal
This document describes a 360-degree automated firefighting robotic platform developed by students. The robotic vehicle has two operation modes: manual control using a wireless remote and autonomous mode. It is equipped with a camera for live video streaming, sensors to detect fires, and a robotic arm to extinguish fires from various heights. The arm is attached to a rotating and movable platform. In autonomous mode, the robot can detect fires using sensors, navigate to the fire location, and autonomously extinguish the fire in 360 degrees using the arm. The document provides details on the components, methodology, calculations, and results of testing the robot's ability to detect and put out fires in both manual and autonomous operation.
IRJET- An Analytic Study on Fire Fighting RobotIRJET Journal
1) The document presents a design for a firefighting robot that can monitor and extinguish fires autonomously.
2) The robot uses a NodeMCU microcontroller and ESP8266 WiFi module to be controlled remotely via an Android app by firefighters.
3) It is equipped with temperature and humidity sensors to detect fires, and uses a water pump to extinguish fires once detected.
IRJET-Android Controlled Firefighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android-controlled firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot uses temperature and smoke sensors to detect fires and a sprinkler system to extinguish fires. It is controlled through an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot can avoid obstacles using ultrasonic sensors. Fuzzy logic control algorithms allow the robot to track targets and avoid obstacles on its way to extinguish fires. The robot was designed to assist firefighters and help automate fire detection and response.
IRJET - Fire Fighting Robot Remotely Controlled by Voice based Android Applic...IRJET Journal
This document describes a remotely controlled firefighting robot that can be operated using an Android application. The robot is equipped with sensors to detect fires and a mechanism to extinguish fires. It can be navigated autonomously using the Android app to move to the source of the fire and put it out remotely. The document reviews several existing firefighting robots and systems that use various sensors and remote control methods. The proposed robot aims to reduce risks to firefighters by allowing them to operate the robot safely from a distance. It is intended to help extinguish fires more quickly and safely.
This advanced project Fire Fighter Robotic Vehicle with Night Vision Camera allows a user to control a fire fighter robot equipped with water tank and gun remote wirelessly for extinguishing fires. For this purposes the system uses an RF remote for remote operation along with RF receiver based microcontroller circuit for operating the robotic vehicle and water pump. The receiver circuit receives RF signals through RF based remote transfer user commands.
IRJET- A Review on Implementation of a Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and equipped with sensors to detect fires. The robot uses XBEE modules for wireless communication between a transmitting control station and the receiving robot. Sensors on the robot measure temperature, gas, and smoke to detect fires. When thresholds are exceeded, the robot sounds an alarm and its water pump activates to extinguish the fire. The control station allows remote operation of the robot's movement and other functions using a GUI. The robot is intended to assist firefighters by entering hazardous environments.
The document provides background information on robotics and embedded systems. It discusses how robot population has exceeded 8.6 million according to recent statistics. It then discusses the objectives of developing an autonomous fire protection robot using sensors to detect fires and notify users. The document reviews several relevant literature sources that discuss designing robots for fire detection and extinguishing. It also provides definitions of robotics and embedded systems, discussing the origins and applications of each field. The overall purpose is to introduce and provide context for the project of developing an autonomous fire protection robot.
Design And Development of Fire Fighting RobotIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of a firefighting robot based on an Arduino microcontroller. The robot is equipped with sensors to detect fires and obstacles. It can navigate manually through an environment and extinguish fires using a water pump and nozzle. The robot also has wireless communication via Bluetooth to allow for remote control. Computer vision algorithms using OpenCV are used for the primary fire detection system, while additional sensors provide secondary verification of fires. Testing showed the robot could accurately detect and localize fires. The conclusion discusses how such robots could assist firefighters by making firefighting safer and more effective.
This document describes the design of a surveillance firefighting robot. The robot uses an ESP32 camera module to provide live video streaming to a mobile app for remote monitoring. It is equipped with smoke sensors, gas sensors, a water tank, and pump motor to detect and extinguish fires. When the sensors detect smoke or fire, the robot moves to the location and uses the pump motor to spray water from the tank until the fire is out, while continuing to stream video. The robot is powered by a solar panel and battery to allow remote and autonomous operation. It is intended to help fight fires safely from a distance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document describes a firefighting robotic vehicle that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robotic vehicle is equipped with sensors like a temperature sensor and smoke detector to detect fires. It also has a water tank and pump to extinguish fires. An Android application allows for remote control of the robot to move forward, backward, left, right and activate the water pump. The robot is designed to help fight fires in dangerous situations where human firefighters may be at risk.
BRIEF REVIEW PAPER ON IOT-BASED ADVANCED SEMI-AUTONOMOUS SAFETY ROBOTS FOR MI...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a semi-autonomous safety robot for use in coal mines. The robot uses wireless technology like Bluetooth to detect hazardous gases, temperature, and transmit the environmental data to rescuers. It aims to provide information to rescuers before entering mines so they can devise safe rescue plans. The robot would help reduce loss of life from mine disasters by enhancing effective operations. It discusses various sensors, a control system, and communication methods the robot would employ to detect threats and transmit data remotely. The robot is intended to allow human exposure to toxic fumes in mines to be avoided.
Abstract: In today’s commercial, industrial and domestic world, Automation plays an important role, it is actually an arrangement of different elements in order to regulate, direct, sense and command itself to achieve a desired result. “Automatic Fire Fighting Robot” project employs the electrical thermostat technology for the controlling the fire 24 hrs. The system is cost effective, has a wide applications which when implement can show good and effective result. It can be use deliberately in industrial applications, commercial and in domestic sectors where the requirement of automatic work demands. Synchronization of various equipment involve in the system i.e Thermostat Sensor, water jet, wireless remote and wireless android device WiFi enabled Camera. This is mean to simulate the real world operation of Robot performing a fire extinguishing function. Fuzzy logic provided an appropriate solution to the otherwise complex task of mathematically deriving an exact model for the non-linear control system upon which conventional control techniques could then be applied. Making Robot wireless increases the effective area of operation, thereby making it possible to control the robot from remote location. Keeping all above factors in mind the Robot is capable of being remotely controlled and live video buffering i.e possessing a multimedia interface was convinced and developed.
Fire extinguishing assistent system by IOT (1).pptxamal246363
This document presents a project on developing an intelligent fire detecting and extinguishing robot system using IoT. It discusses the objectives of developing a mini firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires automatically using sensors like flame sensors and can also be controlled using an Android app. The system design involves components like a Raspberry Pi, sensors, motors and a water pump. It presents the methodology, which includes hardware components, working, an Android app for control and the circuit diagram. The implementation discusses assembling the hardware and implementing functions like movement, obstacle detection, fire detection and extinguishing.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF RANGE CONTROL FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a range control fire extinguishing system in the form of a robotic system. The robotic system uses various sensors including flame sensors and ultrasonic sensors, along with an Arduino microcontroller, motor driver, water pump and other hardware to detect and extinguish fires autonomously. When a fire is detected by the flame sensors, the robotic system will navigate to the location using its motors and extinguish the fire by pumping water through its nozzle system. The system aims to provide a safer way to fight fires compared to human firefighters entering dangerous fire conditions. The document discusses the hardware and software implementation in detail and concludes the smart robotic fire extinguishing system is capable of effectively detecting and extingu
Machine Vision Based Fire Flame Detection using Multi FeaturesIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a firefighting robot. It uses sensors like an IR sensor and flame sensor to detect fires. When a fire is detected, a signal is sent to an Arduino controller to activate a motor driver and pump water from a water tank. The robot can also be controlled remotely using Bluetooth technology. It has capabilities like rotating its canon, moving forward and backward, and left and right to fight fires. The robot aims to help fight fires safely without putting human lives at risk.
Similar to Design and Development of a 360-degree Fire Extinguisher Robot using Microcontroller (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.